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Improving individuals' low-carbon awareness has become an important research topic. Gamification design is regarded as a potential IT solution to this social problem. Although much research is concerned with the effect of low-carbon awareness to improve individuals' behaviour, little attention has been paid to exploring how to improve low-carbon awareness, especially in the context of green gamification. To fill this research gap, our study uses the cognitive dissonance theory to build a theoretical model for exploring the impacts of green gamification factors on individuals' low-carbon awareness. The model is also used to explore the mediating role of cognitive dissonance and the moderating effect of emotional dependence. Empirical results reveal that visibility of achievement, competition, and interactivity have positive impacts on users' cognitive dissonance, which further positively affect users' low-carbon awareness. In addition, users' emotional dependence positively moderates the relationship between green gamification factors and users' cognitive dissonance. These results extend the cognitive dissonance theory and the literature on green gamification. New insights and practical implications for the designers of gamification application and environmental protection organisations are also provided in our study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frustrated Lewis Pairs (FLPs) represent a unique class of interactions in Lewis acid‐base chemistry, driven by spatial hindrance or incongruent orbital energy levels that hinder the formation of effective coordination bonds. FLPs have received significant attention for their application in activating small molecules and facilitating organic synthesis reactions. Recent developments have led to the emergence of Frustrated Radical Pairs (FRPs) as an extension of the radical family. FRPs are formed from FLPs through Single Electron Transfer (SET) and exhibit the ability to activate a variety of chemical bonds. While research on FLPs is well‐established, investigations into FRPs in organic reactions remain limited. This review highlights the current state of FRPs in organic synthesis, delves into mechanistic insights, explores their potential, and underscores the challenges in this emerging field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Frustrated Lewis Pairs (FLPs) represent a unique class of interactions in Lewis acid‐base chemistry, driven by spatial hindrance or incongruent orbital energy levels that hinder the formation of effective coordination bonds. FLPs have received significant attention for their application in activating small molecules and facilitating organic synthesis reactions. Recent developments have led to the emergence of Frustrated Radical Pairs (FRPs) as an extension of the radical family. FRPs are formed from FLPs through Single Electron Transfer (SET) and exhibit the ability to activate a variety of chemical bonds. While research on FLPs is well‐established, investigations into FRPs in organic reactions remain limited. This review highlights the current state of FRPs in organic synthesis, delves into mechanistic insights, explores their potential, and underscores the challenges in this emerging field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proportion of lung cancer in never smokers is rising, especially among Asian women, but there is no effective early detection tool. Here, we developed a polygenic risk score (PRS), which may help to identify the population with higher risk of lung cancer in never‐smoking women. We first performed a large GWAS meta‐analysis (8595 cases and 8275 controls) to systematically identify the susceptibility loci for lung cancer in never‐smoking Asian women and then generated a PRS using GWAS datasets. Furthermore, we evaluated the utility and effectiveness of PRS in an independent Chinese prospective cohort comprising 55 266 individuals. The GWAS meta‐analysis identified eight known loci and a novel locus (5q11.2) at the genome‐wide statistical significance level of P < 5 × 10−8. Based on the summary statistics of GWAS, we derived a polygenic risk score including 21 variants (PRS‐21) for lung cancer in never‐smoking women. Furthermore, PRS‐21 had a hazard ratio (HR) per SD of 1.29 (95% CI = 1.18‐1.41) in the prospective cohort. Compared with participants who had a low genetic risk, those with an intermediate (HR = 1.32, 95% CI: 1.00‐1.72) and high (HR = 2.09, 95% CI: 1.56‐2.80) genetic risk had a significantly higher risk of incident lung cancer. The addition of PRS‐21 to the conventional risk model yielded a modest significant improvement in AUC (0.697 to 0.711) and net reclassification improvement (24.2%). The GWAS‐derived PRS‐21 significantly improves the risk stratification and prediction accuracy for incident lung cancer in never‐smoking Asian women, demonstrating the potential for identification of high‐risk individuals and early screening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Taihu Biobank of Tumour Biomarkers (TBTB) study is a large-scale research project conducted in Wuxi, China, with the aim of understanding the prevalence, incidence, and mortality rates of cancer in middle-aged and elderly urban populations. The study recruited over 500,000 participants aged 45 and older and collected baseline data through physical examinations, serum tumor biomarkers, and questionnaire surveys. The study has identified thousands of new cancer cases and encourages collaborations with researchers worldwide. The study provides valuable data on demographic and health-related variables, laboratory test results, and the most commonly diagnosed cancers. However, there are limitations to the study, such as the lack of information on early life exposures and limited data on lifestyle factors. Researchers interested in the study are welcome to collaborate. [Extracted from the article]

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In governance theory, there is a crucial theoretical conundrum of meta-governance: how can meta-governors simultaneously stay outside of the governed network while also being embedded within it, and appropriately apply hands-off and hands-on strategies? The heterogeneous experiences of governance practices in non-Western contexts may help to explore this issue. The paper examines the 'Starfish Project'(haixing jihua), a volunteer action aimed at improving the incomes of rural residents in mountainous areas of H District in N City, China, against the backdrop of promoting common prosperity. This initiative involves non-profit organizations, market actors, and government agencies, forming a multi-order meta-governance system. In this system, the government acts as a second-order meta-governor. It provides shared values, norms, and objectives, for the social network, thereby conferring institutional legitimacy upon the social network and its activities. Meanwhile, a non-profit organization operates as a first-order meta-governor within the network, and leverages market-based mechanisms to continuously incentivize network members, foster network interaction, and facilitate conflict resolution. The multi-order meta-governance model provides a potential solution to the dilemma. However, it is important to note that this may not yet be a definitive solution to the conundrum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The main issues faced during the treatment of apical periodontitis are the management of bacterial infection and the facilitation of the repair of alveolar bone defects to shorten disease duration. Conventional root canal irrigants are limited in their efficacy and are associated with several side effects. This study introduces a synergistic therapy based on nitric oxide (NO) and antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) for the treatment of apical periodontitis. Results: This research developed a multifunctional nanoparticle, CGP, utilizing guanidinylated poly (ethylene glycol)-poly (ε-Caprolactone) polymer as a carrier, internally loaded with the photosensitizer chlorin e6. During root canal irrigation, the guanidino groups on the surface of CGP enabled effective biofilm penetration. These groups undergo oxidation by hydrogen peroxide in the aPDT process, triggering the release of NO without hindering the production of singlet oxygen. The generated NO significantly enhanced the antimicrobial capability and biofilm eradication efficacy of aPDT. Furthermore, CGP not only outperforms conventional aPDT in eradicating biofilms but also effectively promotes the repair of alveolar bone defects post-eradication. Importantly, our findings reveal that CGP exhibits significantly higher biosafety compared to sodium hypochlorite, alongside superior therapeutic efficacy in a rat model of apical periodontitis. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that CGP, an effective root irrigation system based on aPDT and NO, has a promising application in root canal therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The levels of human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) is associated not only with the prognosis of patients with acute heart failure (AHF), but also with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Our study aims to understand the prediction value of HE4 on prognosis in patients with AHF combined with CKD. Patients and Methods: This study prospectively enrolled patients diagnosed with AHF combined with CKD at the Department of Cardiology of Hunan Provincial People's Hospital from March 2019 to December 2022. Serum levels of HE4 were measured using a chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassay. The endpoint events included heart failure readmission and cardiovascular death. Results: A total of 130 patients with AHF combined with CKD were included in the stud. The median age is 73 years (interquartile range: 65– 79 years). Among the patients, 94 experienced the endpoint events. The multivariable Cox analysis reveals that LnHE4 (HR=2.280, 95% CI 1.300– 3.998, P = 0.004) and age (HR=1.024, 95% CI 1.003– 1.045, P = 0.025) are independent predictors of the endpoint events. The Kaplan-Meier survival curve demonstrates that patients with HE4 levels> 276.15 pmol/L has a significantly higher incidence of endpoint events compared to those with HE4 levels≤ 276.15 pmol/L (Log rank test: χ 2=19.689, P < 0.001). After adjusting for age and gender, the HR is 2.520 (95% CI: 1.626– 3.906, P < 0.001). Conclusion: HE4 is an independent predictor of heart failure readmission and cardiovascular death in patients with AHF combined with CKD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Note examines China's latest project of integrating the "Socialist Core Values" (SCVs)--an official set of moralistic social norms--into legal judgments. It argues that through this project, the Party-state is effectively imposing a new conception of what Chinese law is, according to which the contents of the SCVs are now conceived to be the normative core that grounds the entire Chinese legal system. Accordingly, the Chinese judiciary is now required to decide cases under the assumption that they must go beyond statutory language to "find" law that conforms to the SCVs. This new jurisprudence departs from legalism, which used to be China's predominant model of legality for many years, and gives rise to a new model of authoritarian legality featuring the incorporation of the extralegal, moralistic social norms mandated by the authoritarian state into the contents of law itself. Overcoming the problems associated with legalism, this new model features a destabilized legal system that allows the authoritarian ruler to flexibly exercise its power in the name of law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]