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Vibration frequency and vibration duration are disturbance factors for the structural properties of clay. This study investigates how the vibration frequency and vibration duration from construction disturbances affect the mechanical properties of Zhanjiang Formation structural clay. An electric, frequency-adjustable vibration table applied varying frequencies and durations of vibration to undisturbed soil, creating structural clay samples with different disturbance degrees. Unconfined compressive strength tests and one-dimensional consolidation compression tests were conducted on these samples to obtain disturbance degrees R D q and R D S , defined by strength loss values and compression deformation characteristics, respectively. Orthogonal experiments and grey correlation analysis were used to explore the effects of vibration frequency and vibration duration on the mechanical properties of Zhanjiang Formation structural clay. The results indicated that disturbance degrees R D q and R D S increased linearly with increase in vibration frequency and vibration duration. Range analysis was conducted using two-factor three-level orthogonal experiment of disturbance degrees, and a grey relational analysis model was established to determine the primary and secondary effects of vibration duration and vibration frequency on the mechanical properties of Zhanjiang Formation structural clay. The results demonstrated that the findings from orthogonal experiments and grey relational analysis were consistent, showing that vibration duration had a more significant impact than vibration frequency on the mechanical properties of structural clay. The conclusion suggests that vibration disturbance manifests as a "fatigue damage effect". Continuous vibration disturbance progressively weakens the cementation bonds between soil particles due to "accumulated" energy, leading to gradual fracture and destruction. With constant vibration frequency, longer durations, or with constant duration, higher frequencies intensify the "fatigue damage effect" of vibration disturbance. Furthermore, during vibration disturbance, Zhanjiang Formation structural clay shows a more pronounced "fatigue damage effect" from vibration duration than from vibration frequency, with cementation bonds between soil particles weakening more effectively due to "accumulated" energy. The research findings enhance the understanding of how vibration frequency and vibration duration from disturbance sources impact the mechanical properties of Zhanjiang Formation structural clay, offer theoretical guidance for using construction vibration machinery, and provide a reference for preventing and controlling soil disturbance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adeno-associated virus (AAV) serotypes from primates are being developed and clinically used as vectors for human gene therapy. However, the evolutionary mechanism of AAV variants is far from being understood, except that genetic recombination plays an important role. Furthermore, little is known about the interaction between AAV and its natural hosts, human and nonhuman primates. In this study, natural AAV capsid genes were subjected to systemic evolutionary analysis with a focus on selection drives during the diversification of AAV lineages. A number of positively selected sites were identified from these AAV lineages with functional relevance implied by their localization on the AAV structures. The selection drives of the two AAV2 capsid sites were further investigated in a series of biological experiments. These observations did not support the evolution of the site 410 of the AAV2 capsid driven by selection pressure from the human CD4+ T-cell response. However, positive selection on site 548 of the AAV2 capsid was directly related to host humoral immunity because of the profound effects of mutations at this site on the immune evasion of AAV variants from human neutralizing antibodies at both the individual and population levels. Overall, this work provides a novel interpretation of the genetic diversity and evolution of AAV lineages in their natural hosts, which may contribute to their further engineering and application in human gene therapy. Author summary: Adeno-associated virus (AAV) is a viral vector that is universally applied in human gene therapy. Despite their versatile applications in gene therapy, the origin and evolution of AAV serotypes have not been extensively studied. In this study, positive selection upon diversification of AAV capsid genes was carefully investigated by evolutionary analysis. Numerous diversifying selected sites were dispersed among the AAV lineages, and evolutionary pathways were inferred for two selected sites of the AAV2 capsid gene. Furthermore, the putative immunological drives underlying the selection of AAV2 capsid genes were experimentally dissected. This work provides a novel interpretation of the evolution and diversity of AAV serotypes and might be helpful for their engineering and application in gene therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Slippery liquid‐infused porous surface (SLIPS) is received widespread attention in the antifouling field because of its dynamic slippery surface, but the limited effect of physical "anti‐adherence" and the problem of lubricant loss restrict its application for practical marine antifouling. Inspired by the self‐defensive function of P. pavoninus's poisonous mucus, a SLIPS based on the reversible chemical bonds and the antibacterial effect of coumarin (CmSLIPS) is prepared, which addresses these disadvantages by responsively adaptive lubricity and durability. The CmSLIPS enables the "locking" and "unlocking" mode between lubricant and matrix via the reversible photodimerization of coumarin. It regulates the surface lubricity to adapt to the antifouling demand. The reversible chemical bonds of lubricant and matrix reduce lubricant loss and enhance the lubricant stability and antifouling durability. In addition to the physical anti‐adhesive barrier of SLIPS, the excellent antimicrobial property of coumarin groups further enhances the "biocidal" antifouling effect to improve long‐term antifouling durability. In summary, the CmSLIPS has surface stability, durability, responsively adaptive lubricity, efficient self‐cleaning, anti‐protein, anti‐bacterial, anti‐algae, self‐healing (92.85%) properties and 150‐day marine field antifouling performance during boom seasons, which maintains the satisfactory antifouling performance in the harsh marine environment and demonstrates the promising application in neritic sea equipment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Combined chemotherapy and targeted therapy holds immense potential in the management of advanced gastric cancer (GC). GC tissues exhibit an elevated expression level of protein kinase B (AKT), which contributes to disease progression and poor chemotherapeutic responsiveness. Inhibition of AKT expression through an AKT inhibitor, capivasertib (CAP), to enhance cytotoxicity of paclitaxel (PTX) toward GC cells is demonstrated in this study. A cathepsin B‐responsive polymeric nanoparticle prodrug system is employed for co‐delivery of PTX and CAP, resulting in a polymeric nano‐drug BPGP@CAP. The release of PTX and CAP is triggered in an environment with overexpressed cathepsin B upon lysosomal uptake of BPGP@CAP. A synergistic therapeutic effect of PTX and CAP on killing GC cells is confirmed by in vitro and in vivo experiments. Mechanistic investigations suggested that CAP may inhibit AKT expression, leading to suppression of the phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K)/AKT signaling pathway. Encouragingly, CAP can synergize with PTX to exert potent antitumor effects against GC after they are co‐delivered via a polymeric drug delivery system, and this delivery system helped reduce their toxic side effects, which provides an effective therapeutic strategy for treating GC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biofouling and corrosion of submerged equipment caused by marine organisms severely restrict the rapid development of the marine industry. Traditional antifouling or anticorrosion coatings typically serve a sole purpose and exhibit limited degradability upon failure, rendering them inadequate for current demands. Herein, a novel imine‐functionalized command‐degradable bio‐based epoxy coating (SAHPEP‐DDM) with enhanced integrated antifouling and anticorrosion performances was synthesized utilizing 1,3‐bis (3‐aminopropyl)‐1,1,3,3‐tetramethyldisiloxane and syringaldehyde. Compared with commercial epoxy resins (E51‐DDM) and polydimethylsiloxanes (PDMS), the SAHPEP‐DDM coating exhibits superior antifouling and anticorrosion properties due to the existence of –C=N‐ and Si−O−Si chain segments in the cross‐linking network. The coating achieves resistance rates of 99.59 % and 99.20 % against E. coli and S. aureus, respectively, and shows promising resistance against algae and proteins, as well as excellent corrosion resistance in artificial seawater (with |Z|0.01 Hz and arc radius of about 1011 Ω and exceeding 1010 Ω respectively). The coating also exhibits excellent chemical resistance in organic solvents as well as neutral and alkaline environments. Moreover, its controlled degradation after coating failure can be achieved in acid aqueous solutions through temperature and acidity adjustments, facilitated by the presence of –C=N‐. This work presents a novel degradable coating successfully coupled the dual functions of antifouling and anticorrosion coatings, avoiding the employment of intermediate coat, indicating vast potential for application in various marine engineering fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death, is emerging as a crucial regulator of human physiology and pathology. Increasing evidence showcases a reciprocal relationship between ferroptosis and dysregulated metabolism, propagating a pathogenic vicious cycle that exacerbates pathology and human diseases, particularly metabolic disorders. Consequently, there is a rapidly growing interest in developing ferroptosis-based therapeutics. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the intricate interplay between ferroptosis and metabolism could provide an invaluable resource for mechanistic insight and therapeutic development. In this review, we summarize the important metabolic substances and associated pathways in ferroptosis initiation and progression, outline the cascade responses of ferroptosis in disease development, overview the roles and mechanisms of ferroptosis in metabolic diseases, introduce the methods for ferroptosis detection, and discuss the therapeutic perspectives of ferroptosis, which collectively aim to illustrate a comprehensive view of ferroptosis in basic, translational, and clinical science., Competing Interests: Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists., (© The author(s).)

This paper proposes a novel uncertainty-adjusted label transition (UALT) method for weakly supervised solar panel mapping (WS-SPM) in aerial Images. In weakly supervised learning (WSL), the noisy nature of pseudo labels (PLs) often leads to poor model performance. To address this problem, we formulate the task as a label-noise learning problem and build a statistically consistent mapping model by estimating the instance-dependent transition matrix (IDTM). We propose to estimate the IDTM with a parameterized label transition network describing the relationship between the latent clean labels and noisy PLs. A trace regularizer is employed to impose constraints on the form of IDTM for its stability. To further reduce the estimation difficulty of IDTM, we incorporate uncertainty estimation to first improve the accuracy of noisy dataset distillation and then mitigate the negative impacts of falsely distilled examples with an uncertainty-adjusted re-weighting strategy. Extensive experiments and ablation studies on two challenging aerial data sets support the validity of the proposed UALT.