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Wedang uwuh is a functional beverage prepared by boiling a combination of spices, namely sappan wood, ginger, nutmeg leaves, cinnamon leaves, cloves, and clove leaves. It is reported to have antioxidant, antibacterial, and immune-enhancing properties due to its active compounds. This traditional beverage shows potential in reducing infections caused by Escherichia coli, highlighting the importance of proper preparation methods. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of wedang uwuh prepared by different boiling duration (5, 10, 15, and 20 min) to determine the optimal time for maximum effectiveness. Phytochemical changes, as indicated by color alterations, were assessed by a descriptive approach while a disc diffusion method was used as an antibacterial assay to measure the inhibition zone diameter against E. coli. Compounds in each treatment were analyzed using GC-MS. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, triterpenoids, and tannins in all variations. Antibacterial testing revealed that boiling for 15 min exhibited the highest activity, with an inhibition zone diameter of 10.43±1.33 mm, reflecting strong antibacterial efficacy. This result significantly differed from the 5 and 10 min treatments. The 5 min boiling treatment demonstrated a smaller inhibition zone with an average diameter of 5.71±1.67 mm, indicating moderate antibacterial activity, but it did not differ significantly from the 10 min treatment. A chemical analysis by GC-MS for the 15 min boiling sample successfully identified 23 compounds, and among these chemicals, hexadecanoic acid was found as the predominant component.

Nitrogen fertilization plays a crucial role in supporting plant growth. However, nitrogen in the soil can be lost through rainwater leaching. To address this issue, the concept of fertilizing N-stabilizer-coated urea was proposed. The aim is to reduce nitrogen loss on the field due to vaporization and minimize greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of this N-stabilizer-coated urea in reducing nitrogen loss through vaporization, improving GHG emissions, and its impact on plant growth and leaf quality. The research was conducted at IPB-Cargill Jonggol, Bogor, West Java, oil palm education and research station from August 2021 to March 2022. The experimental design employed a completely randomized block design. The fertilizer treatments included four types of nitrogen fertilizers: urea (46% N), coated urea with N-stabilizer (46% N), ZA (21% N), and NPK (15-15-15, 15% N). Additionally, a control treatment without any fertilizer application was included. All treatments were replicated three times. Data analysis was done using the SAS (Statistical Analysis System) 9.0 program. The F-test was conducted, followed by DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) advanced tests at a 5% error level. The results revealed that urea with N-stabilizer fertilization significantly reduced NH3-vaporization by 53% in the first week compared to the application of normal urea. NH3-vaporization level from ZA and NPK was < 1% compared to urea application. Field application of urea with N-stabilizer showed no significant difference in greenhouse gas emission (GHG) compared to the other nitrogen fertilizer types. The GHG values ranged from 7.10 to 7.29 g CO2-e.m-2 per day. The use of N-stabilizer-coated urea could be an effective approach to minimize nitrogen loss through vaporization and reduce greenhouse gas emissions while maintaining comparable results to other nitrogen fertilizer types in terms of GHG emissions on the field.

Sustainable agriculture involves complex interactions among social, economic, and ecological dimensions, each with distinct interests and goals. Achieving sustainable agricultural development is challenging and requires a comprehensive response. This study focuses on Indonesia’s garlic production, employing a systems thinking approach to provide a holistic understanding of the interconnected factors influencing sustainable agricultural systems. We utilized the first two steps of the five-step systems thinking methodology—problem articulation and the formulation of dynamic hypotheses. This process involved developing a causal loop diagram (CLD) to represent the dynamic hypotheses and identifying system archetypes to determine leverage and potential intervention points. Our analysis identified three system archetypes—Drifting Goals, Fixes that Fail, and Limit to Growth—as key patterns influencing the sustainability of garlic production. The Drifting Goals archetype reveals that efforts to boost local garlic stock in Indonesia are hindered by the allocation of garlic for seeds, due to the lack of a clear distinction between garlic for consumption and seed. The Fixes that Fail archetype illustrates the long-term detrimental effects of short-term agricultural practices, such as the overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. The Limit to Growth archetype underscores the critical need for enhanced market access and a shift in consumer preferences to sustain garlic farming. To address these challenges, we recommend establishing clear distinctions between garlic for consumption and seed production, developing the seed industry, promoting integrated pest management, and reducing reliance on chemical inputs through environmentally friendly technology. Additionally, ensuring market and price stability is vital to maintain farmers’ interest in garlic cultivation. Therefore, the government should prioritize market penetration for local garlic and consistently enforce import restrictions to ensure the sustainability of garlic production in Indonesia.

CO2 and SO2 gases are utilized in various industrial applications and are subjects of environmental research. However, these gases are considered toxic and pose dangers at certain concentrations. Therefore, it is crucial to monitor and control the exposure to these gases in the environment to prevent reaching hazardous levels that could endanger both humans and the environment. A non-contact detection and monitoring system is essential to minimize the adverse effects of direct gas exposure. In this research, a non-contact detection system for CO2, SO2, and mixed gases was developed using optical imaging analysis generated by infrared cameras. The images were captured using the FLIR Vue Pro-R infrared camera, with infrared absorbing gas sourced from a 50-watt tungsten lamp. Visual identification of these gases through optical imaging is challenging; however, this study successfully identified these gases using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The CNN architecture used in this study is DenseNet (Densely Connected Convolutional Networks), comprising 169 convolution layers. The CNN model was trained and tested on experimental optical imaging data, categorized into three classes: CO2, SO2, and a mixture of gases. A total of 1030 optical imaging data points were utilized for training. Training was conducted using the AdamW optimization function over 28 epochs. The evaluation of results yielded accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score metrics. The novelty of this study lies in the successful identification of CO2, SO2, and their mixture by the CNN model with an accuracy of 85%. Precision, recall, and F1-score values are all 0.85. These results indicate that the CNN model effectively distinguishes optical imaging of each gas (CO2, SO2, and their mixture) consistently and accurately. Consequently, it can be concluded that the CNN model performs well in distinguishing between these gases in optical imaging analysis.

Monochoria vaginalis is an invasive weed that thrives in rice paddies across Indonesia. Herbicide control is challenging since Monochoria vaginalis is known to be sulfonylurea-resistant in Indonesian rice fields. This weed is highly competitive, with a rapid growth pattern that may diminish rice production. Metsulfuron-methyl, a widely used herbicide, can potentially eliminate sensitive weeds at low dosage levels. This study aimed to identify the optimal dosage of metsulfuron-methyl for controlling Monochoria vaginalis and assess the impact of monoculture rice growing patterns and herbicide application in controlling weeds. The experimental design was a split-plot design with four replications, conducted from June to July 2023 in the Cikabayan Greenhouse at IPB University. The major plot was the Monochoria vaginalis accession: exposed or not exposed to herbicide, consisting of seven sites. The subplot represented the dosage of the active ingredient (a.i.) metsulfuron-methyl: 0, 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 g.ha-1. In addition to the field experiments, interviews were performed with five farmers from each of the seven Monochoria vaginalis sample accessions to assess rice planting patterns and herbicide usage history. The results showed that metsulfuron-methyl at 1 g.ha-1 reduced weed populations by over 50% in rice accessions Bugel, Palumbonsari, and Ciasem Hilir. Variability in Monochoria vaginalis indicated resistance to metsulfuron-methyl, necessitating greater dosages up to 8 g a.i. per ha-1 for Pasirkaliki and Rancajaya accessions. Our study also indicated that some areas could use lower dosages of herbicides to effectively control Monochoria vaginalis. In contrast to other places that required larger, three-yearly dosages of 100 to 125 g.ha-1, Bugel, Palumbonsari, and Ciasem Hilir used a twice-yearly dosage of 20 g.ha-1. These findings highlight the importance of tailored herbicide application strategies based on local resistance patterns and historical herbicide use to manage Monochoria vaginalis effectively.

This study, titled “Chronicles of the Midnight Strain: Exploring Graveyard Shift Stress and Its Impact on Employee Burnout in Call Centers,” delves into the intricate relationship between the demanding nature of graveyard shift work in call centers and its potential consequences on employee burnout. The research adopts a comprehensive approach, investigating various factors such as electronic performance monitoring, job demands, physiological indicators, and the role of lifestyle factors in cardiovascular health. Drawing from a vast array of literature, the study explores the causal links and mechanisms of action, emphasizing the significant role of sleep disruption and circadian rhythm desynchronization in contributing to cardiovascular disease among shift workers. Additionally, it considers the impact of stress, working hours, and dietary patterns on the overall well- being of employees working during the unconventional hours of the night. The study reviews existing theories proposing connections between shiftwork, sleep loss, and cardiovascular diseases. It scrutinizes factors like inflammation, blood coagulation, cardiac autonomic function, and the interplay between stress-related hormones and cardiovascular health. Multiple hypotheses are examined, including the influence of a stressful work environment, disturbed sleep on the immune system, and lifestyle factors such as dietary habits and substance use. Despite over two decades of continuous research, the findings in this area remain inconclusive regarding the precise role of shiftwork in cardiovascular disease. The study aims to contribute valuable insights into mitigating the potential adverse effects of graveyard shift stress on employee burnout in call centers, providing a foundation for further research and the development of targeted interventions.

Palm oil (Elaeis guenesis jacq) is an important commodity in Indonesia. Assessments of the underlying causes of yield gaps in oil palm production systems worldwide are lacking in exploring existing knowledge about oil palm productivity from a crop physiological perspective. Modifying the roots of oil palm plants through root cutting can affect the availability of carbon stocks in the soil because roots are one of the sources of organic carbon input into the soil. The purpose of the study was to analyses the effect of cutting the roots of oil palm plants on the availability of carbon stocks and soil fertility for these crops. The land where the study took place had a relatively low soil fertility status, there were several parameters observed showing low availability status in the soil. The low content of nutrients in the soil causes limited soil in providing nutrients to support plant growth.

Food systems encompass complex and interconnected networks involved in the production, processing, distribution, and consumption of food. Currently, the food system confronts significant challenges related to the environment, society, and economy. A 2023 joint report by FAO, IFAD, UNICEF, WFP, and WHO underscored the major obstacles impeding the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) within the food system. The report emphasized the challenges associated with meeting the needs of the growing global population. These challenges, particularly in addressing hunger, are exacerbated by rapid population growth, resource scarcity, climate change, the impact of COVID-19, and conflicts. Recognizing the imperative need to transform the food system towards sustainability to fulfil the dietary demands of the expanding global population, the pivotal roles of food technology and regulatory science in addressing these challenges were highlighted. It’s essential to prioritize the development and promotion of food technology innovations, especially for microand small-scale food producers, to enhance the safety, quality, nutritional value, shelf life, functionality, accessibility, affordability, diversity, and appeal of food, thus promoting healthier dietary practices. Moreover, the crucial role of regulatory science was emphasized, specifically in formulating and enforcing regulatory and policy frameworks conducive to fostering innovation and ensuring alignment of the food industry with the SDGs. Both food technology and regulatory science are indispensable components in facilitating the transformation towards a sustainable food system.

Crude oil of common ponyfish (Leiognathus equulus) is a by-product of fish protein hydrolysate manufacturing at PT. Berikan Teknologi Indonesia. The quality of the crude fish oil produced falls below the International Fishmeal and Oil Manufacturers Association Standard. Therefore, to improve its quality, a purification process comprising of three stages was employed, degumming with NaCl (5-10%), neutralization with NaOH (10-18°Be), and bleaching with activated charcoal (6-10%). The purification process was optimized using RSM with the Box-Behnken Design. The 15 concentration formulations were obtained with response variables taken based on chemical test parameters (free fatty acids (FFA), acid value, peroxide value, and iodine value). The optimal point of NaCl, NaOH, and activated charcoal concentration was determined at 10%, 18°Be, and 9.4%, respectively with a desirability of 0.744. The purified common ponyfish oil exhibited FFA at 9.52±0.21%, acid value at 3.42±0.17 mg KOH/g, peroxide value at 1.25±0.03 mEq/Kg, and iodine value at 4.12±0.13 mEq/Kg. Pure common ponyfish oil resulting from the optimal conditions has been verified. All parameters indicate that the quality of common ponyfish oil is improved by the refining process. This indicates that the optimized process may be applied in real production in the field with a high degree of confidence.

This study discusses the structure of Ibn Sina's thought and its contextualization in the contemporary era from a subjective point of view referring to aspects of soul purification. Ibn Sina divides the human soul into three parts, they are: "nabatiyyah," "hayawâniyyah," and "insâniyyah" souls. According to Ibnu Sina, human morals are in the "nabatiyyah," so the education that must be taught is education related to morals, cleanliness, and the arts, this education is carried out at the Early Childhood Education level. When the child is in the "hayawaniyyah," that is when the child can respond and move through sensing, then the student is in a state of stimulation through understanding the Qur'an, especially reading, and interpreting it, followed by lessons to be able to study, analyze and be critical of the meaning from every verse of Allah SWT, both "kauliyyah" (the Qur'an) and "kauniyyah" (the universe). In the "insâniyyah" soul, the child is endeavored to be educated so that they can integrate intellectual, emotional, and spiritual intelligence, to create an integrative education, they are education that can unite the dimensions of service ("al-'Amilah") and spiritual ("al-'Alimah"). This literature review confirms that to achieve the goals of Islamic education, the educational model that is applied wherever possible leads to purification of the soul, because with a pure soul the process of entering knowledge into students' souls will be easy. An educational perspective that places purification of the soul as an offer of Islamic education in the contemporary era. Keywords: Education, Ibn Sina, Purification of the Soul, Contemporary

The most bothersome weed in rice fields in the Indonesian province of West Java is Monochoria vaginalis (Burm. F.) C. Presl, an aquatic herbaceous plant. Metsulfuron-methyl has long been used in wetland rice in West Java with a high enough intensity. However, the case of Monochoria vaginalis resistance to metsulfuron-methyl herbicides in Indonesia has not been widely reported and investigated. The study aims to (1) classify the resistance level of M. vaginalis toward metsulfuron-methyl, (2) identify Target Site Resistance (TSR) mechanism mutations in the MvALS1 gene of the resistant biotype of M. vaginalis. The Whole Plant Pot Test method was utilized to assess the resistance level of Monochoria vaginalis. Following that, all samples were subjected to DNA sequencing using the PCR method to identify mutations in the MvALS1 gene from the resistant biotype. After then, this study used DUET, a server with an integrated computational methodology, to anticipate the effect of mutations on protein stability. The result showed that Monochoria vaginalis from Rawamerta, Karawang showed a moderate level of resistance to metsulfuron-methyl with a resistance ratio of 6.00, Patokbeusi, Subang showed a low level of resistance to metsulfuron-methyl with a resistance ratio of 3.89, compared to susceptible Monochoria vaginalis. Nucleotide base alignment in the MvALS1 gene revealed that base substitutions occurred in the Monochoria vaginalis biotype from Rawamerta and Patokbeusi, resulting in 5 amino acid substitutions: Ser-64-Ala, Asp-66-Glu, Asn-240-Asp, Glu-426-Asn, and Ser-469-Asn and Sukra: Ser-64-Ala, Asp-66-Glu, and Asn-240-Asp. The analysis showed that S64A, D66E, and N240D stabilize the protein, whereas E426N and S469N destabilize it. This study confirms for the first time that Ser-64-Ala, Asn-240-Asp, and Glu-426-Asn amino acid mutations were found in cases of M. vaginalis resistance to metsulfuron-methyl (ALS inhibitor). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The STEM approach is a learning approach that is in line with learning needs to face the challenges of the 21st century. Then, the use of the STEM approach is highly recommended. It is needed an innovation to facilitate the application of the STEM approach such as integrating the STEM approach with the learning model. So, an integration of the PBL model and the STEM approach is created and then arranged which is known as the PLOICE learning model. The PLOICE learning model is a learning model that has the following syntax: Problematize, Learn, Organize, Investigate, Create, and Evaluate. In this research, students will be involved in scientific investigations on the management of shade-grown coffee to increase coffee production. Student participation in determining the management of shade-grown coffee can help develop students' science process skills. The research implemented a quasi-experiment where two classes received different treatments, namely the experimental and control classes. The experimental class received treatment using PLOICE and control using conventional treatment. In the results that the application of the PLOICE model had a significant effect on the development of students' science process skills. In implementing the PLOICE model, students are more active in discussions and questions and answers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Waste is an environmental issue owing to its increasing amount. The type of waste that is currently an important problem is plastic waste, which can endanger living things and the environment. This study aimed to analyze the community participation factors that affect waste management. This study used interview methods and completed questionnaires from as many as 50 respondents in Baleendah District, West Java Province. The collected data were analyzed using the Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) method with the approach of several latent variables, each of which was equipped with indicators. The PLS-SEM model was evaluated using the Outer Model and Inner Models. The results showed that, in the measurement model, all indicators were valid and reliable for measuring the constructed construct. In the structural model of the results of hypothesis testing with the bootstrapping method, it can be concluded that the variables of External Factors and Waste Management significantly affect the variables of Waste Management; the variable of Waste Management significantly affects the variable Impact of Waste Management, while the variable of Waste Reduction insignificantly affects the variable of Waste Management. The results of this study can be used as recommendations for implementing strategies to increase community participation in plastic waste management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Construction project management prioritizes the achievement of three main objectives: cost, quality, and time. This study evaluates a road widening project in Mojokerto Regency with a target completion time of 150 days. To prevent delays and cost overruns, researchers used the Earned Value method to identify early warnings regarding project performance. This method integrates time and cost values through measurements of Cost Variance (CV), Schedule Variance (SV), Cost Performance Index (CPI), Schedule Performance Index (SPI), Estimated at Completion (EAC), and Estimated Schedule at Completion (EAC). The research findings show that additional costs required (ETC) reached Rp 3,276,704,110.14, with additional time (ETS) up to week 12 being 87 days. The change in project costs (EAC) reached Rp 3,961,767,811.01 from the contract cost, while the project completion time (EAS) was 171 days. The analysis indicates that the construction service provider has implemented an efficient implementation method with consistent supervision, ensuring the smooth progress of the project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. In the digital age, emojis have evolved from simple pictographs into a global communication tool, transcending language barriers. As the world seeks to scale access to quality education, particularly in low-resource regions, artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a key enabler in overcoming these barriers. The role of emojis in enhancing digital literacy and educational communication in these regions remains underexplored. Purpose: This study investigates the potential of emojis, supported by AI-driven systems, to improve educational accessibility and engagement in low-resource areas. Method: The research aims to explore how AI can leverage emojis as a universal language tool to enhance learning experiences and bridge communication gaps in diverse linguistic and cultural contexts. A mixed-method approach was employed, combining qualitative interviews with educators and students, and quantitative analysis of educational platforms utilizing emoji-based learning interfaces. The study focused on low-resource regions where traditional educational tools are less accessible. Results: Results indicated that emoji-based communication, when integrated with AI-driven educational tools, significantly improved engagement and comprehension among learners, particularly in multilingual environments. Students reported a deeper connection to content and higher motivation to learn, while educators found it easier to communicate complex concepts using visual aids like emojis. The study suggests that AI-supported emoji language can be a scalable solution for improving educational access in underserved regions. Conclusion: In conclusion, the study suggests that adaptive learning algorithms In conclusion, the findings highlight the potential of AI and emojis to revolutionize educational communication in low-resource areas. By leveraging emojis as a universal language, AI can contribute to narrowing the global education gap and fostering inclusive learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to improve students' ability to express opinions in Pancasila learning by applying the percentage method and group discussion. The research uses a descriptive qualitative approach with 49 students from the Guidance and Counseling Study Program as subjects. Data were collected through observation and documentation during the learning process. The results show that the percentage method and group discussion effectively enhance students' fluency, courage, and appropriateness in presenting opinions according to the discussed context. Other indicators, such as clarity and the sequence of ideas, also showed improvement. Supporting factors in implementing these methods include the role of lecturers, student motivation, and adequate facilities and infrastructure. In conclusion, the percentage and group discussion methods have improved students' ability to express opinions in Pancasila learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]