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Abstract Radiotherapy (RT) controls local lesions, meantime it has the capability to induce systemic response to inhibit distant, metastatic, non-radiated tumors, which is referred to as the “abscopal effect”. It is widely recognized that radiotherapy can stimulate systemic immune response. This provides a compelling theoretical basis for the combination of immune therapy combined with radiotherapy(iRT). Indeed, this phenomenon has also been observed in clinical treatment, bringing significant clinical benefits to patients, and a series of basic studies are underway to amplify this effect. However, the molecular mechanisms of immune response induced by RT, determination of the optimal treatment regimen for iRT, and how to amplify the abscopal effect. In order to amplify and utilize this effect in clinical management, these key issues require to be well addressed; In this review, we comprehensively summarize the growing consensus and emphasize the emerging limitations of enhancing the abscopal effect with radiotherapy or immunotherapy. Finally, we discuss the prospects and barriers to the current clinical translational applications.

Abstract Background TSPAN7 is an important factor in tumor progression. However, the precise function of TSPAN7 and its role in pan-cancer are not clear. Methods Based on Xinhua cohort incorporating 370 patients with kidney neoplasm, we conducted differential expression analysis by immunohistochemistry between tumor and normal tissues, and explored correlations of TSPAN7 with patients’ survival. Subsequently, we conducted a pan-cancer study, and successively employed differential expression analysis, competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, correlation analysis of TSPAN7 with clinical characteristics, tumor purity, tumor genomics, tumor immunity, and drug sensitivity. Last but not least, gene set enrichment analysis was applied to identify enriched pathways of TSPAN7. Results In Xinhua cohort, TSPAN7 expression was significantly up-regulated (P-value = 0.0019) in tumor tissues of kidney neoplasm patients. High TSPAN7 expression was associated with decreases in overall survival (OS) (P-value = 0.009) and progression-free survival (P-value = 0.009), and it was further revealed as an independent risk factor for OS (P-value = 0.0326, HR = 5.66, 95%CI = 1.155–27.8). In pan-cancer analysis, TSPAN7 expression was down-regulated in most tumors, and it was associated with patients’ survival, tumor purity, tumor genomics, tumor immunity, and drug sensitivity. The ceRNA network and PPI network of TSPAN7 were also constructed. Last but not least, the top five enriched pathways of TSPAN7 in various tumors were identified. Conclusion TSPAN7 served as a promising biomarker of various tumors, especially kidney neoplasms, and it was closely associated with tumor purity, tumor genomics, tumor immunology, and drug sensitivity in pan-cancer level.

Abstract Due to the limitations of the model itself, the performance of switched autoregressive exogenous (SARX) models will face potential threats when modeling nonlinear hybrid dynamic systems. To address this problem, a robust identification approach of the switched gated recurrent unit (SGRU) model is developed in this paper. Firstly, all submodels of the SARX model are replaced by gated recurrent unit neural networks. The obtained SGRU model has stronger nonlinear fitting ability than the SARX model. Secondly, this paper departs from the conventional Gaussian distribution assumption for noise, opting instead for a generalized Gaussian distribution. This enables the proposed model to achieve stable prediction performance under the influence of different noises. Notably, no prior assumptions are imposed on the knowledge of operating modes in the proposed switched model. Therefore, the EM algorithm is used to solve the problem of parameter estimation with hidden variables in this paper. Finally, two simulation experiments are performed. By comparing the nonlinear fitting ability of the SGRU model with the SARX model and the prediction performance of the SGRU model under different noise distributions, the effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified.

Abstract Background The effects of air pollution on endothelial function remain unclear across populations. We aimed to use brachial artery flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) to identify demographic differences in the effects of air pollution exposure on endothelial dysfunction. Methods We measured FMD in 850 participants from October 2016 to January 2020. Location-specific concentrations of fine particulate matter

Electron beam–directed energy deposition (EB–DED) has emerged as a promising wire-based metal additive manufacturing technique. However, the effects of EBs on pendant droplets at wire tips have not yet been determined. The aim of this study is to enhance the understanding of this action by analyzing the mechanism of droplet oscillation. The pendant droplet oscillation phenomenon hinders the stable transfer of droplets to the molten pool and limits the feasibility of manufacturing complex lattice structures by EB–DED. Hence, another aim of this study is to create an oscillation suppression method. An escalating asymmetric amplitude is the main characteristic of droplet oscillation. The primary oscillation-inducing force is the recoil force generated from the EB-acted local surface of the droplet. The physical mechanism of this force is the rapid increase and uneven distribution of the local surface temperature caused by the partial action of the EB. The prerequisites for droplet oscillation include vacuum conditions, high power densities, and bypass wire feeding processes. The proposed EB–dynamic surrounding melting (DSM) method can be applied to conveniently and effectively suppress oscillations, enable the accurate transfer of droplets to the molten pool, and achieve stable processes for preparing the strut elements of lattice structures. Lowering the temperature and improving the uniformity of its distribution are the mechanisms of oscillation suppression in EB–DSM. In this study, the physical basis for interpreting the mechanism by which EBs act on droplets and the technical basis for using EB–DED to prepare complex lattice structure parts are provided.

Due to the complicated metabolic and regulatory networks of l-serine biosynthesis and degradation, microbial cell factories for l-serine production using non-model microorganisms have not been reported. In this study, a combination of synthetic biology and process optimization were applied in an ethanologenic bacterium Zymomonas mobilis for l-serine production. By blocking the degradation pathway while introducing an exporter EceamA from E. coli, l-serine titer in recombinant Z. mobilis was increased from 15.30 mg/L to 62.67 mg/L. It was further increased to 260.33 mg/L after enhancing the l-serine biosynthesis pathway. Then, 536.70 mg/L l-serine was achieved by removing feedback inhibition with a SerA mutant, and an elevated titer of 687.67 mg/L was further obtained through increasing serB copies while enhancing the precursors. Finally, 855.66 mg/L l-serine can be accumulated with the supplementation of the glutamate precursor. This work thus not only constructed an l-serine producer to help understand the bottlenecks limiting l-serine production in Z. mobilis for further improvement, but also provides guidance on engineering non-model microbes to produce biochemicals with complicated pathways such as amino acids or terpenoids.

Underground coal gasification (UCG) as an alternative coal mining technology is attracting much attention. However, due to the high experimental cost of UCG, the evolution mechanism of coal seam should be deeply explored prior to the implement of experiments. By virtue of the great computational power of computers, the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is able to simulate the production process of UCG at a relatively lower cost. The in-situ ignition and combustion of deep coal seam heated by 1 000 K flue gas is simulated and the changes of temperature, molar O2 fraction and porosity are analyzed by the CFD software, Fluent, developed by Ansys cor-poration. It is elucidated that pumping 1 000 K flue gas for 500 s is inadequate for coal seam ignition, while 1 000 s heating has been enough for coal seam ignition. On the internal surface of coal seam, the high temperature is accumulated in the 0−0.6 m coal seam near inlet. The maximum temperature before ignition is below inlet temperature of heating flue gas, 1 000 K, while the maximum temperature after ignition exceeds 1 000 K and reaches up to 1 250 K. Almost all O2 is consumed in the high-temperature zone, while less than 2% molar O2 fraction arrives at the internal surface of coal seam in other lower-temperature zones. The porosity rapidly increases in high-temperature zone and at 1000 s the porosity in the part of coal seam reaches up to 0.9. In the interior of coal seam, the thicker the coal seam is, the lower the temperature rises. The maximum temperature on 7 cm line is only 500 K at 1 000 s and 2 000 s, much lower than that on the internal surface of coal seam when it is heated for the same time. During 2 000 s ignition, little O2 penetrates 7 cm and 14 cm coal seam and the porosities of interior coal seam are all below 0.4. The low porosities are attributed to the low temperature and low molar O2 fraction. The simulation on temperature, molar O2 fraction and porosity may provide a reference for how to promote the reaction in the interior of coal seam.

Abstract Electrochemical uranium extraction from nuclear wastewater represents an emerging strategy for recycling uranium resources. However, in nuclear fuel production which generates the majority of uranium-containing nuclear wastewater, fluoride ion (F−) co-exists with uranyl (UO2 2+), resulting in the complex species of UO2Fx and thus decreasing extraction efficiency. Herein, we construct Tiδ+-PO4 3− ion pair extraction sites in Ti(OH)PO4 for efficient electrochemical uranium extraction in wastewater from nuclear fuel production. These sites selectively bind with UO2Fx through the combined Ti-F and multiple O-U-O bonds. In the uranium extraction, the uranium species undergo a crystalline transition from U3O7 to K3UO2F5. In real nuclear wastewater, the uranium is electrochemically extracted with a high efficiency of 99.6% and finally purified as uranium oxide powder, corresponding to an extraction capacity of 6829 mg g−1 without saturation. This work paves an efficient way for electrochemical uranium recycling in real wastewater of nuclear production.

Abstract Great efforts are being made to develop advanced polygenic risk scores (PRS) to improve the prediction of complex traits and diseases. However, most existing PRS are primarily trained on European ancestry populations, limiting their transferability to non-European populations. In this article, we propose a novel method for generating multi-ancestry Polygenic Risk scOres based on enSemble of PEnalized Regression models (PROSPER). PROSPER integrates genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics from diverse populations to develop ancestry-specific PRS with improved predictive power for minority populations. The method uses a combination of $${{{{{{\mathscr{L}}}}}}}_{1}$$ L 1 (lasso) and $${{{{{{\mathscr{L}}}}}}}_{2}$$ L 2 (ridge) penalty functions, a parsimonious specification of the penalty parameters across populations, and an ensemble step to combine PRS generated across different penalty parameters. We evaluate the performance of PROSPER and other existing methods on large-scale simulated and real datasets, including those from 23andMe Inc., the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium, and All of Us. Results show that PROSPER can substantially improve multi-ancestry polygenic prediction compared to alternative methods across a wide variety of genetic architectures. In real data analyses, for example, PROSPER increased out-of-sample prediction R2 for continuous traits by an average of 70% compared to a state-of-the-art Bayesian method (PRS-CSx) in the African ancestry population. Further, PROSPER is computationally highly scalable for the analysis of large SNP contents and many diverse populations.

Various material design strategies have been developed to enhance photocatalytic performance of TiO2. However, no report is available on applications of the photopiezocatalysis strategy on TiO2 due to its lack of piezoelectricity. Here we developed a low-temperature molten salt etching process to create rutile TiO2 nanoparticles by etching [MgO6] octahedrons away from MgTiO3 by molten NH4Cl, during which a lattice distortion occurred in TiO2. The lattice distortion broke the structure symmetry of rutile TiO2 and subsequently endowed these rutile TiO2 nanoparticles with an unusual piezoelectric response with the maximum effective piezoelectric coefficient (d33) of ~41.6 pm/V, which had not previously been found in TiO2 photocatalysts. Thus, the photopiezocatalysis strategy was applied for the first time to enhance the photocatalytic performance of these TiO2 nanoparticles. The creation of lattice distortion to induce piezoelectricity could be extended to other photocatalysts that the photopiezocatalysis strategy has not been applied to and may generate novel functionalities for various technical applications.

Abstract We analyse the STU sectors of the four-dimensional maximal gauged supergravities with gauge groups SO(8), SO(6) ⋉ ℝ12 and [SO(6) × SO(2)] ⋉ ℝ12, and construct new domain-wall black-hole solutions in D = 4. The consistent Kaluza-Klein embedding of these theories is obtained using the techniques of Exceptional Field Theory combined with the 4d tensor hierarchies, and their respective uplifts into D = 11 and type IIB supergravities are connected through singular limits that relate the different gaugings.

In this study, four high-chromium wear-resistant steels with varying vanadium contents were prepared. Their mechanical properties, corrosion behaviour and impact–abrasion–corrosion behaviour were comprehensively investigated in a simulated corrosive slurry environment. The result indicated the effectiveness of vanadium in enhancing the impact toughness of the steel. Notably, high-chromium steel with 0.2% vanadium exhibited notable characteristics, including a Rockwell hardness of 56.2 HRC and an impact toughness of 113.5 J. Introducing vanadium enhanced the corrosion resistance of high-chromium steels in electrochemical experiments. In terms of impact–abrasion–corrosion performance, the high-chromium steel containing 0.2% vanadium exhibited the highest resistance to impact–abrasion–corrosion when subjected to both the impact energies of 3 J and 6 J. Comprehensive examinations of surface and cross-sectional damage, coupled with detailed microstructure and microhardness analyses, revealed that the development of a white etching layer on the material's surface is crucial to enhancing its resistance to impact–abrasion–corrosion.

The two-phase titanium alloy Ti–10 V–5Al-2.5Fe-0.1 B was taken as the experimental material, and thermal compression experiments were carried out at a deformation temperature of 770–920 °C and a strain rate of 0.0005–0.5 s−1. An Arrhenius model, a modified Johnson-Cook model, and an improved BP neural network model based on the sparrow search algorithm (SSA-BP) model were established to predict the high temperature rheological stress of the alloy. A comparison of the prediction accuracy of the three models was made. When the partial random data in the rheological curves was used for model building and relatively independent data were used for predicting the rheological stress, the SSA-BP model had higher prediction accuracy, which exhibits the highest mean square correlation coefficient (R2) value of 0.9992 and the lowest root mean square error (RMSE) and average absolute relative error (AARE) values of 1.3031, and 2.0947 %, respectively. The ability of three models to predict the rheological stress for the new process parameters was verified. Results show that the SSA-BP model still has better prediction ability, which exhibits the highest mean square correlation coefficient (R2) value of 0.9720 and the lowest root mean square error (RMSE) and average absolute relative error (AARE) values of 5.0099, and 6.0382 %, respectively. The predicted values of SSA-BP for the rheological stress were used to construct the hot processing map. Results show that the trend of the power dissipation factor (η) value from the hot processing map predicted by SSA-BP can well agree with the microstructure evolution of the alloy.

Abstract The integration of electrochromic devices and energy storage systems in wearable electronics is highly desirable yet challenging, because self‐powered electrochromic devices often require an open system design for continuous replenishment of the strong oxidants to enable the coloring/bleaching processes. A self‐powered electrochromic device has been developed with a close configuration by integrating a Zn/MnO2 ionic battery into the Prussian blue (PB)‐based electrochromic system. Zn and MnO2 electrodes, as dual shared electrodes, the former one can reduce the PB electrode to the Prussian white (PW) electrode and serves as the anode in the battery; the latter electrode can oxidize the PW electrode to its initial state and acts as the cathode in the battery. The bleaching/coloring processes are driven by the gradient potential between Zn/PB and PW/MnO2 electrodes. The as‐prepared Zn||PB||MnO2 system demonstrates superior electrochromic performance, including excellent optical contrast (80.6%), fast self‐bleaching/coloring speed (2.0/3.2 s for bleaching/coloring), and long‐term self‐powered electrochromic cycles. An air‐working Zn||PB||MnO2 device is also developed with a 70.3% optical contrast, fast switching speed (2.2/4.8 s for bleaching/coloring), and over 80 self‐bleaching/coloring cycles. Furthermore, the closed nature enables the fabrication of various flexible electrochromic devices, exhibiting great potentials for the next‐generation wearable electrochromic devices.

China’s oases are the center of human life and economic development for tens of millions of inhabitants in drylands. However, oases have experienced a significant expansion of cropland during the past three decades, which has resulted in rapidly increasing agricultural water demand and increasing water shortages in the region. Although crop switching is recognized as a promising strategy for improving the sustainability of agricultural production, little is known about how much it can improve the sustainability of oasis cropping systems and whether there are trade-offs among multiple sustainability goals. Here, we used a crop-water-use model, data on crop production and nutrient content, observational data on streamflow, and oasis land-use data to assess the impacts of different crop switching scenarios on water demand, nutrient supply, and income. The results showed that oasis agricultural water demand increased from 28.5 km3 to 41.1 km3 between 1987 and 2017, with 74.6 % of the oasis counties experiencing increasing agricultural water stress. By replacing all crops with those having the lowest water demand in each respective county, the demand for irrigation can be reduced by 23.1 %, and the demand for groundwater reduced by as much as 72.8 %. Crop switching scenarios that also consider crop species diversity, in which replacing the highest water demand crops with alternative crops (those with the lowest water demands, highest protein production, or highest calorie production) in each county can effectively reduce irrigation water demand (8.5–12.9 % for streamflow and 32.7–43.3 % for groundwater), while increasing protein (21.3–35.8 %) and calorie (27.5–42.7 %) production as well as income (1.4–2.4 %). Our research provides potential solutions to effectively alleviate the conflict between agricultural development and the environment in oasis regions.

Abstract Background With increasing detection of small renal masses and accumulating evidence that nephron sparing surgery (NSS) could achieve oncological equivalence and functional superiority compared with radical nephrectomy (RN), NSS has become first‐line therapy for some patients with localized renal masses. Objective This study aims to review the publications in the kidney neoplasm and NSS field, exploring the research hotspots. Method Kidney neoplasm and NSS related publications before July 3th 2023 were obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection database. We then used bibliometric analysis to conduct performance analysis, citation analysis and co‐citation network of publications, together with keyword co‐occurrence analysis. Results Seven thousand five hundred and sixty‐four documents were finally retrieved, and the annual publications increased exponentially. The most productive authors were “KAOUK JH” and “GILL IS”, while USA, and 12 American affiliations such as CLEVELAND CLINIC FOUNDATION and MAYO CLINIC were far leading in this field. Journal of Urology and European Urology were journals with the highest citations and h‐index. Discussion Through literature reviewing plus co‐occurrence and clustering analysis, the therapeutic effects of partial nephrectomy (PN) versus RN on patients with localized renal cell carcinoma, different operative approaches of PN, and conservative NSS methods were deemed as the most focused topics. Conclusion Three aspects were the most important hotspots in this field. Firstly, how to provide the optimal management choices for different patients. Secondly, therapeutic effects of different management options and surgical techniques needed more prospective and randomized studies. Finally, more novel technologies and surgical techniques were required.

As an important intermediate for dual carbon targets, catalytic CO oxidation under mild conditions has received sufficient attention, as the reaction mechanism is directly related to the type of employed catalyst. High performance computing is performed with density functional theory to elucidate the mechanism of CO oxidation catalyzed by sulfur doped fullerene (C60-xSx (x = 1 ∼ 3)). The total activation energy for the first CO oxidation on C59S, C58S2, and C57S3 increases gradually, as implies that the CO oxidation on C59S should be easier than those on the other two dopants. Distinct electrons (0.852 e and 1.479 e) are transferred to oxygen atoms (O2) from C59S with the adsorption of O2 and CO. There is no synergistic effect for the doping S atoms. All elementary reactions on C59S are exothermic processes. This means that C59S is a potential material for addressing environmental protection issues and H2 purification for fuel cell applications.

BackgroundProstate cancer (PCa) is one of the most threatening health problems for the elderly males. However, our understanding of the disease has been limited by the research technology for a long time. Recently, the maturity of sequencing technology and omics studies has been accelerating the studies of PCa, establishing themselves as an essential impetus in this field.MethodsWe assessed Web of Science (WoS) database for publications of sequencing and omics studies in PCa on July 3rd, 2023. Bibliometrix was used to conduct ulterior bibliometric analysis of countries/affiliations, authors, sources, publications, and keywords. Subsequently, purposeful large amounts of literature reading were proceeded to analyze research hotspots in this field.Results3325 publications were included in the study. Research associated with sequencing and omics studies in PCa had shown an obvious increase recently. The USA and China were the most productive countries, and harbored close collaboration. CHINNAIYAN AM was identified as the most influential author, and CANCER RESEARCH exhibited huge impact in this field. Highly cited publications and their co-citation relationships were used to filtrate literatures for subsequent literature reading. Based on keyword analysis and large amounts of literature reading, ‘the molecular pathogenesis of PCa’ and ‘the clinical application of sequencing and omics studies in PCa’ were summarized as two research hotspots in the field.ConclusionSequencing technology had a deep impact on the studies of PCa. Sequencing and omics studies in PCa helped researchers reveal the molecular pathogenesis, and provided new possibilities for the clinical practice of PCa.

The disruption of hematopoietic and immune functions is a significant consequence of the long-term effects of radiation exposure. This study investigated the potential mechanisms by which ferulic acid (FA) acts as a radioprotective agent in mitigating radiation-induced immune damage. C57BL/6J mice were exposed to a dose of 6.0 Gy of 60Co γ irradiation. FA was administered at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg/d for 7 days before and 30 days following irradiation. We evaluated changes in peripheral blood cells, T and B lymphocytes, natural killer cells in the spleen, and hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells in the bone marrow (BM). Whole-genome transcriptome sequencing of BM was performed to explore potential mechanisms. FA administration resulted in a significant reduction in malonaldehyde levels (p < 0.0001), an increase in catalase and beta-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels in serum (p < 0.05), and enhanced multipotent progenitors (p < 0.01) and common lymphoid progenitors (p < 0.05) in the BM. Additionally, there was an elevation in white blood cell levels, red blood cell levels, and hemoglobin levels in peripheral blood (p < 0.01). Transcriptome analysis indicated that FA reversed the radiation-induced expression of genes related to immunity and inflammation. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay experiments further demonstrated that FA reduced interleukin-6 levels in the BM and decreased JAK1, JAK2, and STAT3 protein content (p < 0.01). In conclusion, FA might mitigate hematopoietic and immune damage by modulating the JAK/STAT signaling pathway.

The polarization direction-dependent SBS threshold was investigated, and the terminal polarization control technique was demonstrated to restore the linear polarization state. By increasing the relative angle of the injecting polarization direction from 0° to 90°, the measured SBS threshold increased until reaching a maximum value, beyond which it decreased in a nearly symmetrical trend. The highest SBS threshold was achieved with the relative polarization angle being 45°, delivering a 67% threshold enhancement compared with that at 0°. A quarter-wave-plate was used to restore the polarization state of the output laser manually from an elliptic to a linearly polarized state, and temperature-dependent polarization fluctuation was observed, which intensified as the laser power was scaled. By reducing the cooling temperature, a 1 kW laser with a linearly polarized state was demonstrated using a 45° polarization direction-injected monolithic PM amplifier.

As the dominant waste disposal process, incineration is regarded as the main incentive for the “not-in-my-backyard” syndrome, and faces an inescapable pressures of ultra-low emissions (ULE). Establishing precise response relationships between emission factors (EFs) and full-process influencing factors can provide guidance for the synergistic mitigation of flue gas pollutants (FGPs). In this work, the multi-dimensional EFs of FGPs were identified by initially integrating FGPs concentration monitoring data of existing 1,226 processing lines in China, technologies applied and operational experience (OE), local economic and political characteristics. Significant regional imbalance performance was observed, which EFs in the coastal regions were 3.55–92.39 % lower than those of the inland areas. NOx, SO2, HCl were identified as critical components requiring further reduction under the ULE standards, with exceedance rates recorded at 73.07 %, 38.90 %, and 56.69 %, respectively. An indicative value of 20 mg/m3 for PM is recommended for the control of heavy metals of Cd + Tl and Sb + As + Pb + Cr + Co + Cu + Mn + Ni based on the correlation coefficients of r = 0.28 (p

Biochar is a very promising material for soil remediation. However, most studies mainly focus on the adsorption ability of biochar on one heavy metal, which is difficult to evaluate the actual remediation effect since soils were contaminated with multiple heavy metals. In order to improve the soil remediation efficiency, we used the joint remediation method of magnetically modified biochar and ryegrass to remediate the soil polluted by compound heavy metals (chromium, nickel, copper, zinc, arsenic and cadmium), and evaluate the effect on the process of organic carbon mineralization in polluted soils. It was found that magnetic biochar and ryegrass together decreased the concentrations of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, and Cd in soils by 24.12 %, 23.30 %, 22.01 %, 9.98 %, 14.83 %, and 15.08 %, respectively, and reduced the available fractions. Ryegrass roots were the main accumulation part of heavy metals, and the order of enrichment effect was ranked as Zn > As > Cr > Cu > Ni > Cd. In addition, magnetic biochar can maintained the stability of the organic carbon pool, and inhibited the emission of volatile organic compounds from ryegrass. Overall, this study indicates that magnetic biochar spheres combined with ryegrass is an effective method for heavy metals co-contaminated soils, and has the excellent remediation ability for actual co-contaminated soils.

Landslide is a typical geological disaster distributed in most countries worldwide. Due to long-term natural weathering and human engineering disturbances, the instability of landslides is prone to occur. Once monitoring and disposal methods are implemented inappropriately, they can lead to landslide hazards, seriously threatening the safety of people’s lives and property. For a long time, extensive research on landslide monitoring has been conducted from various countries, providing crucial technical support for reducing the incidence and severity of landslide hazards. However, considering the complex geological conditions of actual landslides and the direct impact of internal and external factors such as rainfall, storms, and earthquakes, the early warning accuracy of landslide hazards is still relatively low. Therefore, based on advanced research achievements, it is significant to carry out research on the current status and development trends of landslide monitoring technology. Based on the Web of Science core database, this study quantitatively analyzes the advanced research achievements in global landslide monitoring in the past decade using bibliometric analysis. A systematic analysis of landslide monitoring technology development is conducted according to each study’s publication time, keywords, and countries. On this basis, a multi-dimensional monitoring system for landslides was proposed, which utilizes the complementary advantages of multi-dimensional monitoring technology to achieve all-round, high-precision, and real-time monitoring of landslides. Finally, taking the Xinpu landslide in the Three Gorges Region of China as an example, a multi-source and multi-field-monitoring experiment was conducted. The application of landslide multi-field-monitoring technology provides an essential reference for monitoring, early warning, as well as the scientific prevention and control of landslide hazard.

ObjectiveTo compare the diagnostic performance of automated breast ultrasound (ABUS) and contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in breast cancer.MethodsPublished studies were collected by systematically searching the databases PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Web of Science. The sensitivities, specificities, likelihood ratios and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) were confirmed. The symmetric receiver operator characteristic curve (SROC) was used to assess the threshold of ABUS and CEUS. Fagan’s nomogram was drawn. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were applied to search for sources of heterogeneity among the included studies.ResultsA total of 16 studies were included, comprising 4115 participants. The combined sensitivity of ABUS was 0.88 [95% CI (0.73–0.95)], specificity was 0.93 [95% CI (0.82–0.97)], area under the SROC curve (AUC) was 0.96 [95% CI (0.94–0.96)] and DOR was 89. The combined sensitivity of CEUS was 0.88 [95% CI (0.84–0.91)], specificity was 0.76 [95% CI (0.66–0.84)], AUC was 0.89 [95% CI (0.86–0.92)] and DOR was 24. The Deeks’ funnel plot showed no existing publication bias. The prospective design, partial verification bias and blinding contributed to the heterogeneity in specificity, while no sources contributed to the heterogeneity in sensitivity. The post-test probability of ABUS in BC was 75%, and the post-test probability of CEUS in breast cancer was 48%.ConclusionCompared with CEUS, ABUS showed higher specificity and DOR for detecting breast cancer. ABUS is expected to further improve the accuracy of BC diagnosis.

All-fiber coherent beam combiners based on the self-imaging effect can achieve a near-perfect single laser beam, which can provide a promising way to overcome the power limitation of a single-fiber laser. One of the key points is combining efficiency, which is determined by various mismatches during fabrication. A theoretical model has been built, and the mismatch error is analyzed numerically for the first time. The mismatch errors have been numerically studied with the beam quality and combining efficiency being chosen as the evaluation criteria. The tolerance of each mismatch error for causing 1% loss is calculated to guide the design of the beam combiners. The simulation results are consistent with the experimental results, which show that the mismatch error of the square-core fiber is the main cause of the efficiency loss. The results can provide useful guidance for the fabrication of all-fiber coherent beam combiners.

This study used polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and heat-treated polyacrylonitrile (H-PAN) membranes to enrich nutmeg essential oils, which have more complex compositions compared with common oils. The oil rejection rate of the H-PAN membrane was higher than that of the PAN membrane for different oil concentrations of nutmeg essential oil-in-water emulsions. After heat treatment, the H-PAN membrane showed a smaller pore size, narrower pore size distribution, a rougher surface, higher hydrophilicity, and higher oleophobicity. According to the GC-MS results, the similarities of the essential oils enriched by the PAN and H-PAN membranes to those obtained by steam distillation (SD) were 0.988 and 0.990, respectively. In addition, these two membranes also exhibited higher essential oil rejection for Bupleuri Radix, Magnolia Officinalis Cortex, Caryophylli Flos, and Cinnamomi Cortex essential oil-in-water emulsions. This work could provide a reference for membrane technology for the non-destructive separation of oil with complex components from oil-in-water emulsions.

The nature of the active sites of transition metal oxides during the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) has attracted much attention. Herein, we constructed well-defined nickel oxide/Au (111) model catalysts to study the relationship between the structures and their OER activity using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), electrochemical measurements, and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The deposited nickel oxides on Au (111) were found to exhibit a two-dimensional (2D)/three-dimensional (3D) structure by regulating the annealing temperature. Combining STM, XPS and electrochemical measurements, our results demonstrated an optimal OER reactivity could be achieved for NiOx with a 2D structure on Au and provided a morphological description of the active phase during electrocatalysis.

In the near future, urban air mobility (UAM) will let an old dream of human society come true: affordable and fast air transportation for almost everyone. Among the various existing designs, the multicopter configuration best combines the advantages of compactness, simplicity, and maturity. These aspects are important for actual use, particularly during the early stage of this market. This study elaborates on the design principles of UAM multicopters by examining existing models in terms of their configuration, weight, and range specifications. In particular, the weights of the different components are estimated based on empirical models, aerodynamic fundamentals for the analysis of UAM multicopters are derived from momentum theory, and the power and energy requirements for hovering and cruise flight are evaluated, thereby enabling estimation of the maximum hovering time and flight range. Finally, a sizing method is introduced and validated against an actual UAM design.

Recently, Asymmetric pixel–shuffle downsampling and Blind–Spot Network (AP-BSN) has made some progress in unsupervised image denoising. However, the method tends to damage the texture and edge information of the image when using pixel-shuffle downsampling (PD) to destroy pixel-related large-scale noise. To tackle this issue, we suggest a denoising method for mural images based on Cross Attention and Blind–Spot Network (CA-BSN). First, the input image is downsampled using PD, and after passing through a masked convolution module (MCM), the features are extracted respectively; then, a cross attention network (CAN) is constructed to fuse the extracted feature; finally, a feed-forward network (FFN) is introduced to strengthen the correlation between the feature, and the denoised processed image is output. The experimental results indicate that our proposed CA-BSN algorithm achieves a PSNR growth of 0.95 dB and 0.15 dB on the SIDD and DND datasets, respectively, compared to the AP-BSN algorithm. Furthermore, our method demonstrates a SSIM growth of 0.7% and 0.2% on the SIDD and DND datasets, respectively. The experiments show that our algorithm preserves the texture and edge details of the mural images better than AP-BSN, while also ensuring the denoising effect.