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Most S. aureus infections are multidrug resistant. S. aureus infections often occur with prolonged conditions, causing increased treatment costs and mortality rates. There is a need to understand the antibiotic susceptibility pattern to S. aureus in mothers and infants because the burden of S. aureus infection in infants is high. This study aims to determine the prevalence of nasal carriers of S. aureus in lactating mothers and their infants and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. This cross-sectional study involved 59 pairs of breastfeeding mothers and infants aged 0 to 6 months. The research was conducted in the work area of the South Tangerang City Health Office. We take a nasal swab of the mother and the baby. We used Vitek-2 to determine antibiotic resistance against S. aureus. Overall, we found 22/59 (37%) S. aureus in infants’ noses, 18% of whom were MRSA. In mothers, we found 18/59 (30%) S. aureus isolates and 17% were MRSA. The majority of S. aureus isolates from infants were sensitive to cefoxitin (82%), gentamicin (86%), ciprofloxacin (91%), levofloxacin (95%), moxifloxacin (91%), vancomycin (100%), clindamycin (82%), erythromycin (86%), nitrofurantoin (100%), linezolid (100%) and tetracycline (77%). The majority of S. aureus isolates from mothers are sensitive to cefoxitin (83%), gentamicin (94%), ciprofloxacin (89%), levofloxacin (89%), moxifloxacin (89%), vancomycin (100%), clindamycin (89%), erythromycin (89%), nitrofurantoin (100%), linezolid (100%) and tetracycline (83%). MRSA monitoring of mothers and babies in the community needs to be done to prevent and control the spread.

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This study examines whether spirituality has an effect on fraud prevention with internal control as an intervening variable. This research is an associative descriptive research. The population used was all employees of the Most District Offices of Kediri Regency using the quota sampling technique determined by the researcher as many as 91 respondents. In this study using the PLS analysis method through the SEM approach and supported by SmartPLS 3.0 software. The results of the study show that Spirituality has a significant effect on internal control and fraud prevention. Furthermore, spirituality has a significant effect on fraud prevention with internal control as an intervening variable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most S. aureus infections are multidrug resistant. S. aureus infections often occur with prolonged conditions, causing increased treatment costs and mortality rates. There is a need to understand the antibiotic susceptibility pattern to S. aureus in mothers and infants because the burden of S. aureus infection in infants is high. This study aims to determine the prevalence of nasal carriers of S. aureus in lactating mothers and their infants and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. This cross-sectional study involved 59 pairs of breastfeeding mothers and infants aged 0 to 6 months. The research was conducted in the work area of the South Tangerang City Health Office. We take a nasal swab of the mother and the baby. We used Vitek-2 to determine antibiotic resistance against S. aureus. Overall, we found 22/59 (37%) S. aureus in infants' noses, 18% of whom were MRSA. In mothers, we found 18/59 (30%) S. aureus isolates and 17% were MRSA. The majority of S. aureus isolates from infants were sensitive to cefoxitin (82%), gentamicin (86%), ciprofloxacin (91%), levofloxacin (95%), moxifloxacin (91%), vancomycin (100%), clindamycin (82%), erythromycin (86%), nitrofurantoin (100%), linezolid (100%) and tetracycline (77%). The majority of S. aureus isolates from mothers are sensitive to cefoxitin (83%), gentamicin (94%), ciprofloxacin (89%), levofloxacin (89%), moxifloxacin (89%), vancomycin (100%), clindamycin (89%), erythromycin (89%), nitrofurantoin (100%), linezolid (100%) and tetracycline (83%). MRSA monitoring of mothers and babies in the community needs to be done to prevent and control the spread. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractRural areas in the US exhibit high rates of illicit substance use. This study aimed to investigate the Social Cognitive Theory factors associated with spontaneous attempts to quit illicit substance use in a sample of users. A cross-sectional survey was administered through face-to-face interviews. Data was collected from adult (≥ 18 years of age) current illicit substance users who were not receiving professional addiction treatment. Binary logistic regression analyses were utilized to answer the research question. Data from 230 illicit substance users met the eligibility criteria. The mean age was 38 years, whereas the average history of illicit substance use was 14 years. Users with a higher perceived value of quitting illicit substance use were significantly more likely to attempt to quit use spontaneously. Health behavior interventions that incorporate the perceived value of quitting illicit substance use can be effective in encouraging spontaneous attempts to quit illicit substance use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: COVID-19 pandemic changed many aspects of healthcare services and deliveries, including among private healthcare providers (i.e., private healthcare facilities [HCFs] and private practitioners [PPs]). We aimed to compare the spatial distribution of private providers and describe changes in characteristics and services offered during and before the COVID-19 pandemic, and explore the tuberculosis (TB) and COVID-19-related services offered by the private sector in Bandung, Indonesia., Methods: A cross-sectional study with historical comparison was conducted in 36 randomly selected community health centers areas (locally referred to as Puskesmas) in Bandung, Indonesia, during the COVID-19 pandemic from 5th April 2021 - 27th December 2021. Data pertaining to before the COVID-19 pandemic was abstracted from a similar survey conducted in 2017 (i.e., INSTEP study). We obtained latitude and longitude coordinates of private healthcare providers and then compared the geographical spread with data collected for INSTEP study. We also compared characteristics of, and services provided by private healthcare providers interviewed during the COVID-19 pandemic with those previously interviewed for INSTEP study. Differences were summarized using descriptive and bivariate analyses., Results: From April-December 2021, we surveyed 367 private HCFs and interviewed 637 PPs. Compared to INSTEP study data, the number of operating HCFs was reduced by 3% during the COVID-19 pandemic (401 vs. 412 before COVID-19), although we observed increases in laboratory service (37.8% increase), x-ray service (66.7% increase), and pharmacy (18.1% increase). Among a subset of private HCFs managing patients with respiratory tract infection symptoms, a quarter (60/235, 25.3%) indicated that they had to close their facilities in response to the emerging situation during the COVID-19 pandemic. For PPs, the number of practicing PPs was reduced by 7% during the COVID-19 pandemic (872 vs. 936 before COVID-19). Interestingly, the number of practicing PPs encountering patients with TB disease increased during the COVID-19 pandemic (42.9% vs. 35.7% before COVID-19, p = 0.008)., Conclusion: This study confirmed that the COVID-19 pandemic adversely impacted health care service deliveries in private sectors, largely marked by closures and shortened business hours. However, the increased service capacities (laboratory and pharmacy), as well as significant increase in the number of patients cared for TB disease by PPs during the COVID-19 pandemic, made a more compelling case to further the implementation of public-private mix model for TB care in Indonesia., Competing Interests: Prof. Madhukar Pai is the Editor-in-Chief of PLOS Global Public Health, (Copyright: © 2024 Widarna et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.)