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Water-holding capacity, texture and color are important indicators of fresh meat quality. In China, drip loss and textural deterioration of fresh meat are critical problems in the meat industry, causing greater quality loss than that in developed countries. Recently, researchers have identified a series of potential biomarkers for the water-holding capacity and tenderness of meat and have studied the effect of cell apoptosis on meat tenderness. However, the relationship between ferroptosis and fresh meat quality has been researched little. After slaughter, the intramuscular environment alters and ferroptosis occurs, which is characterized by the accumulation of iron, an increase in lipid oxidation and disruption of redox equilibrium. These changes are closely related to meat quality. This paper reviews the characteristics, metabolic pathways and regulatory mechanisms of ferroptosis, and the crosslinks between ferroptosis and other modes of cell death. Moreover, it elaborates on how ferroptosis affects fresh meat quality through iron homeostasis imbalance, redox imbalance and lipoperoxidation. Overall, this review provides deeper insights into the mechanism of meat quality formation during postmortem aging.

In this article, we investigate the problem of event‐triggered distributed consensus control for a class of complex cyber‐physical systems (CPSs), where unknown backlash‐like hysteresis inputs and denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks are considered in actuators and communication channels, respectively. In the first place, when communication networks are subjected to malicious DoS attacks, the connection weights of network communication topologies experience disruptions. To solve this issue, this work proposes a solution by constructing topological models for communication networks employing switching topologies and utilizing observers to estimate the combined measurement errors during the time interval of DoS attacks. Secondly, to address the repercussions of DoS attacks on control units and to optimize the utilization of communication resources, a distributed control protocol based on an event‐triggered scheme and employing locally deployed estimators is designed to significantly decrease the update frequency of control signals. Meanwhile, utilizing Lyapunov stability theory, the boundedness of all signals in the closed‐loop system is validated, thereby accomplishing the goal of consensus control. At last, the efficacy of the proposed control scheme is demonstrated through two simulation examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Soybean is a short‐day plant that typically flowers earlier when exposed to short‐day conditions. However, the identification of genes associated with earlier flowering time but without a yield penalty is rare. In this study, we conducted genome‐wide association studies (GWAS) using two re‐sequencing datasets that included 113 wild soybeans (G. soja) and 1192 cultivated soybeans (G. max), respectively, and simultaneously identified a candidate flowering gene, qFT13‐3, which encodes a protein homologous to the pseudo‐response regulator (PRR) transcription factor. We identified four major haplotypes of qFT13‐3 in the natural population, with haplotype H4 (qFT13‐3H4) being lost during domestication, while qFT13‐3H1 underwent natural and artificial selection, increasing in proportion from 4.5% in G. soja to 43.8% in landrace and to 81.9% in improve cultivars. Notably, most cultivars harbouring qFT13‐3H1 were located in high‐latitude regions. Knockout of qFT13‐3 accelerated flowering and maturity time under long‐day conditions, indicating that qFT13‐3 functions as a flowering inhibitor. Our results also showed that qFT13‐3 directly downregulates the expression of GmELF3b‐2 which is a component of the circadian clock evening complex. Field trials revealed that the qft13‐3 mutants shorten the maturity period by 11 days without a concomitant penalty on yield. Collectively, qFT13‐3 can be utilized for the breeding of high‐yield cultivars with a short maturity time suitable for high latitudes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, the event‐triggered distributed consensus tracking control problem for a class of multi‐agent systems (MASs) is studied, where denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks and Bouc‐Wen hysteresis inputs are considered in the communication channel and the actuator, respectively. First, when communication networks are subject to malicious DoS attacks, the connection weights of the communication topology graphs are affected. To address this problem, this paper establishes topological models of the communication network using a switching topology method, and gives connection recovery strategies for the communication network. Second, in order to save communication resources, a distributed control protocol based on an event‐triggered mechanism and locally deployed estimator is designed for DoS signals occurring in the communication network of states and control inputs. In addition, the effect of unknown Bouc–Wen hysteresis input is eliminated using the Nussbaum‐type function. Then, based on Lyapunov stability theory, the boundedness of all signals in the closed‐loop system is verified, and the objective of consensus control is achieved. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is demonstrated by numerical and practical simulation examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The habenula (Hb) is involved in many natural human behaviors, and the relevance of its alterations in size and neural activity to several psychiatric disorders and addictive behaviors has been presumed and investigated in recent years using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Although the Hb is small, an increasing number of studies have overcome the difficulties in MRI. Conventional structural‐based imaging also has great defects in observing the Hb contrast with adjacent structures. In addition, more and more attention should be paid to the Hb's functional, structural, and quantitative imaging studies. Several advanced MRI methods have recently been employed in clinical studies to explore the Hb and its involvement in psychiatric diseases. This review summarizes the anatomy and function of the human Hb; moreover, it focuses on exploring the human Hb with noninvasive MRI approaches, highlighting strategies to overcome the poor contrast with adjacent structures and the need for multiparametric MRI to develop imaging markers for diagnosis and treatment follow‐up. Level of Evidence: 3 Technical Efficacy Stage: 2 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]