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Atractylodis Rhizoma, a traditional Chinese medicine with an extensive history of treating gastrointestinal disorders and other diseases, undergoes various processing methods in China to enhance its therapeutic efficacy for specific conditions. However, a comprehensive report detailing the changes in chemical composition and pharmacological effects due to these processing methods is currently lacking. This article provides a systematic review of the commonly employed processing techniques for Atractylodis Rhizoma, including raw Atractylodis Rhizoma (SCZ), bran-fried Atractylodis Rhizoma (FCZ), deep-fried Atractylodis Rhizoma (JCZ), and rice water-processed Atractylodis Rhizoma (MCZ). It examines the alterations in chemical constituents and pharmacological activities resulting from these processes and elucidates the mechanisms of action of the primary components in the various processed forms of Atractylodis Rhizoma in the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To obtain an in‐depth understanding of women's decision‐making experiences related to mastectomy. Design: A descriptive qualitative interview study. Methods: Individual semi‐structured interviews were conducted face‐to‐face with 27 Chinese women with breast cancer who underwent mastectomy at two tertiary hospitals in mainland China between September 2020 and December 2021 after obtaining the appropriate ethical approvals. Interviews were conducted in Mandarin. Data were analysed using inductive content analysis. Results: Mean age of participants was 48 years (range 31–70). Most participants had low education, low monthly family income, had a partner and health insurance, had been diagnosed with early breast cancer, and had not undergone reconstructive surgery. Six categories related to decision‐making experiences emerged: (1) Emotions affecting decision‐making, (2) Information seeking for decision‐making, (3) Beliefs about mastectomy and the breast, (4) Participation in decision‐making, (5) People who influence decision‐making, and (6) Post‐decision reflection. Participants did not mention the role of nurses in their decision‐making process for mastectomy. Conclusions: This study adds valuable insights into the limited evidence on women's experience with decision‐making about mastectomy from a Chinese perspective, which is important given the continuing high prevalence of mastectomy in many regions. Future studies from other countries and ethnic groups are recommended to gain diverse knowledge. Impact: The findings of this study are useful for nurses and other healthcare professionals in the multidisciplinary team to better support women with breast cancer in their decision‐making process regarding mastectomy. The findings could inform future interventions to support treatment decision‐making and may be relevant to women living in similar socio‐medical contexts to those in mainland China. Reporting Method: The study was reported following the Standards for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist. Patient or Public Contribution: No patient or public contribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Precise staging of hepatic fibrosis with MRI is necessary as it can assist precision medicine. Computer aided diagnosis (CAD) system with distinguishing radiomics features and radiologists domain knowledge is expected to obtain 5‐grade meta‐analysis of histological data in viral hepatitis (METAVIR) staging. Purpose: This study aims to obtain the precise staging of hepatic fibrosis based on MRI as it predicts the risk of future liver‐related morbidity and the need for treatment, monitoring and surveillance. Based on METAVIR score, fibrosis can be divided into five stages. Most previous researches focus on binary classification, such as cirrhosis versus non‐cirrhosis, early versus advanced fibrosis, and substantial fibrosis or not. In this paper, a comprehensive CAD system TMM is proposed to precisely class hepatic fibrosis into five stages for precision medicine instead of the common binary classification. Methods: We propose a novel hepatic fibrosis staging CAD system TMM which includes three modules, Two‐level Image Statistical Radiomics Feature (TISRF), Monotonic Error Correcting Output Codes (MECOC) and Monotone Multiclassification with Deep Forest (MMDF). TISRF extracts radiomics features for distinguishing different hepatic fibrosis stages. MECOC is proposed to encode monotonic multiclass by making full use of the progressive severity of hepatic fibrosis and increase the fault tolerance and error correction ability. MMDF combines multiple Deep Forest network to ensure the final five‐class classification, which can achieve more precise classification than the common binary classification. The performance of the proposed hepatic fibrosis CAD system is tested on the hepatic data collected from our rabbits models of fibrosis. Results: A total of 140 regions of interest (ROI) are selected from MRI T1W of liver fibrosis models in 35 rabbits with F0(n = 16), F1(n = 28), F2(n = 29), F3(n = 44) and F4(n = 23). The performance is evaluated by five‐fold cross‐validation. TMM can achieve the highest total accuracy of 72.14% for five fibrosis stages compared with other popular classifications. To make a comprehensive comparison, a binary classification experiment have been carried out. Conclusions: T1WI can obtain precise staging of hepatic fibrosis with the help of comprehensive CAD including radiomics features extraction inspired by radiologists, monotonic multiclass according to the severity of hepatic fibrosis, and deep learning classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The East China Sea, situated at the intersection of the Eurasian, Philippine Sea, and Pacific plates, is characterized by complex geology influenced by tectonic phenomena such as plate movements, volcanism, faults, and uplifts. Crustal density structure inversion provides a thorough understanding of the region's geological history as well as Earth's dynamical evolution, providing critical insights into seismic disaster mitigation, resource exploration, marine environmental protection, and maritime safety. The inversion process, on the other hand, presents challenges in data quality, quantity, model complexity, uncertainty, and computational resources. With the advancement of next-generation satellite gravity measurements and developing inversion techniques, the inversion of marine crustal density structures promises to be more precise and comprehensive. We explored the density distribution in the East China Sea and surrounding areas using an innovative wavenumber domain three-dimensional density imaging method along with high-precision global satellite gravity data. By overcoming data quality and computing resource constraints, wavenumber domain three-dimensional density imaging has transformed the discipline of marine geophysics, successfully delivering accurate density distributions in the study area. We were able to get a more precise and comprehensive characterization of the crustal density structure by combining high-precision satellite gravity data and cutting-edge imaging methods. Our investigation has unveiled previously unknown details about density distribution in the East China Sea and its environs. The East China Sea shelf displays smooth low-density perturbations at 18 km depth, whereas the trench–arc–basin region exhibits increasing density perturbations. Notably, the Okinawa Trough, which is surrounded by the Tokara Volcanic Ridge and the Ryukyu Trench, displays strong positive anomalies with a north–northeastern to northeastern orientation. In contrast, the Ryukyu Ridge and the Philippine Sea Basin exhibit smaller negative values and substantial northwestward positive density trends, respectively. These findings indicate diverse material distribution, which provides important insights into the area's geological evolution and tectonic processes. This study adds new insights into density distribution in the East China Sea and adjacent regions, offering information on the geological complexity of the region. The research lays the groundwork for future research on crustal dynamics and enhances the field of marine geophysics and related disciplines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A multichannel laser self-mixing interferometry (SMI) is proposed based on a combination of linear injection current modulation and carrier frequency division multiplexing (FDM) technique. The laser output is split into several beams with each beam directed toward a specific target for measurement. The reflected beams then return to the laser cavity, where self-mixing interference takes place. Since the external cavity length of each measurement channel is different, the SMI signal contains multiple carriers due to the injection current modulation. An algorithm based on FDM is developed for displacement sensing of multiple targets from a single SMI signal. Experimental results show that the relative error of multichannel displacement measurement is <1.4%. This work demonstrates an attractive multichannel SMI for displacement sensing featuring compact configuration and high resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this Letter, a novel, to the best of our knowledge, robust interferometry based on orbital angular momentum (OAM) is proposed for an in-plane displacement measurement. A vortex beam (VB) is incident onto a diffraction grating, and the ±1st order diffraction beams with conjugate OAM interfere with each other. By demodulating the petal-like interferogram, the in-plane displacement of the grating can be determined. Theoretically, a 1° rotation of the interferogram corresponds to a displacement of 2.31 nm. Experimental results revealed that the maximum measurement error was less than 3.35%. The proposed measurement system combines the advantages of both OAM interferometry and grating interferometry. It adopts the grating pitch instead of the wavelength as the measurement reference, providing robust immunity to environmental disturbances while maintaining high resolution simultaneously.

Objective: Pressure ulcer refers to ulceration and necrosis caused by local skin and cell tissues being compressed for a long time, continuous ischemia, hypoxia, and malnutrition. However, role of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) in the management of pressure ulcers in with compound Huangbai liquid is still unclear., Methods: Traditional Chinese medicine components and related targets of compound Huangbai liquid were collected through traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology (TCMSP) and Batman-traditional Chinese medicine database. Disease-related targets were obtained using the Gene Cards database. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed using the Search tool for retrieval of interacting genes (STRING) and analyzed by Cytoscape to obtain the core components. To evaluate the clinical efficacy of the compound Huangbai liquid in the treatment of pressure ulcers, 40 patients with pressure ulcers were selected and divided into an observation group and a control group, with 20 individuals in each group. The observation group received treatment with compound Huangbai liquid., Results: Sixty-five components and 480 targets of compound Huangbai liquid were obtained from TCMSP and Batman - traditional Chinese medicine databases. Two hundred seventy-three pressure ulcer-related targets were obtained. Seventy-two potential targets of compound Huangbai pigment in treatment of pressure ulcer were obtained, and 2 unrelated targets were deleted. There were 70 nodes and 1167 edges in PPI network. Gene ontology (GO) function is involved in biological processes such as reactive oxygen species metabolism and cellular response to chemical stress. Cellular components such as platelet α granules lumen and membrane rafts were involved. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment results showed that compound Huangbai liquid in treatment of pressure ulcer. The clinical results indicate that the compound Huangbai liquid has a good therapeutic effect on pressure ulcers., Conclusion: PTGS2 may be a target for treatment of pressure ulcers with compound Huangbai liquid, providing a new direction for its treatment., Competing Interests: The authors have no funding and conflicts of interest to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 the Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)