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Background & Objective: Chronic suppurative otitis media is a fatal condition owing to its propensity for intracranial extension. The inadvertent use of antibiotics has led to resistance among causative organisms. The objectives of this study were to determine causative bacteria, their antibiotic resistance and susceptibility patterns, and their response to antibiotics after a one-month follow-up. Method: It was a prospective study conducted in the ENT department of Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar from June 2023 to March 2024. Ear swabs were collected for microscopy and bacterial culture. Statistical analysis was done using IBM-SPSS-20, and GraphPad Prism. Results: Data was collected from 113 patients. The mean age of the patients was 22 + 2 years. Out of 113 samples, 97(85.5%) showed growth on culture whereas 16(14%) showed no growth, with 95 (98%) unimicrobial, while 2 (2%) showed polymicrobial growth. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the commonest bacteria isolated 38(38%), followed by S. aureus, Proteus species, and S. saprophyticus. Gram-positive bacteria were susceptible to Linezolid (80%), followed by Vancomycin (76%), with resistance to Ciprofloxacin (75-84%), Ampicillin (70%), and Ceftriaxone (75-80%). Gramnegative bacteria showed susceptibility to carbapenem (50-100%) and Piperacillin/Tazobactam (50% to 93%), with resistance to Ciprofloxacin (50-87%), Ceftriaxone (87%), and Amoxicillin/Clavulanate (72-90%). After one month of follow-up, 82% of patients showed improvements, with noncompliance significantly associated with the persistence of symptoms (p<0.01). Conclusion: Moderate to high resistance against ciprofloxacin, third-generation cephalosporin, ampicillin, amoxicillin plus clavulanate, and clindamycin is an eye-opener. Our results underscore the critical need for judicious administration of empirical antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Multifunctional nanoparticles for biomedical applications are widely researched and constantly developed because they provide wider possibilities for therapy and diagnostics. This work aims to summarise our findings towards the design of multifunctional complex iron oxide and silver nanoparticles (NPs) produced from the plants Zingiber officinale and Hypericum perforatum and mushrooms Amanita muscaria and Sparassis crispa. It was revealed that the antimicrobial and anticancer properties of the NPs were a consequence of the combination of silver and phyto- and fungo-chemicals originating from natural species. Moreover, the photoactive properties of the complex iron oxide and silver nanoparticles promoted photodynamic therapy (λexc = 405 nm) that significantly improved the antibacterial (E. coli, S. aureus, B. pumilus, P. fluorescence) and anticancer (HeLa, U2OS cells) effects. Notably, the gel formulations of the NPs based on hyaluronic and alginic acids had advantages over the aqueous dispersions of the NPs. For instance, being embedded into a hyaluronic acid gel, the NPs were more effective against cancer cells due to the improved uptake of hyaluronic acid by cancer cells. Another advantage of gel formulations of the NPs was connected with their microstructural properties; the nanocomposite gel adjusted its microstructure to the substrate topology, mimicking the substrate scale and pattern. Thus, complex ultrasmall iron oxide and silver nanoparticle NPs synthesized with natural extracts and their gel formulations may find diverse applications in the biomedical field, particularly for local cancer treatment and as post-operative bone or tissue scaffold after cancer or chronic osteomyelitis surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alveolar bone defects are often irregular in shape and can severely affect patients' physical and psychological well-being, posing significant challenges in treatment, particularly in cases complicated by systemic diseases. This study presents a shape-adaptive hydrogel with sequential antibacterial and osteogenic functions designed to repair irregular bone defects associated with osteoporosis. Naringin, an estrogen analogue, was conjugated to the hydrogel via disulfide bonds and then uniformly mixed with nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HAP) to create microspheres. These microspheres were uniformly dispersed within the naringin-loaded hydrogel, forming an injectable and photocurable suspension. Upon implantation, naringin is rapidly released due to diffusion along the concentration gradient and initial hydrogel degradation, providing antibacterial effects and preventing infection. As bone repair progresses, the hydrogel undergoes further degradation and the disulfide bonds break, so that naringin is continuously released, which enhances osteoblast differentiation and inhibits osteoclast differentiation. Material characterization confirmed the presence of disulfide bonds and the sustained release profile of naringin. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated the hydrogel's excellent biocompatibility and its effectiveness in repairing regular mandibular defects as well as irregular alveolar bone defects associated with osteoporosis. This hydrogel provides a promising strategy for the development of advanced biomaterials tailored to the complex requirements of irregular bone defect repair under osteoporotic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The escalating global threat of microbial diseases and antibiotic resistance has spurred research into innovative polymeric materials with potent antimicrobial properties, driven by the impact on healthcare systems worldwide and the increasing resistance of conventional drugs. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria pose a significant challenge to global health, endangering vulnerable patients and critical medical procedures, with profound economic implications. Addressing antibiotic resistance requires a multifaceted approach, including exploring new drug formulations like natural and hyperbranched polymers. A promising strategy involves combining synthetic hyperbranched polymers with existing drugs to eliminate resistant cells and impede biofilm formation more effectively within a shorter timeframe, offering a cost-effective alternative for treating antibiotic-resistant infections. Innovative polyesters derived from polyethylene glycol and citric acid show potential as nanoscale antibiotics due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, and antibacterial activity. With this as the context, our study aims to synthesize hyperbranched polyesters by controlling gelation and optimizing branching with strategic adjustments of citric acid mole composition relative to PEG. It was also found that antimicrobial studies revealed the efficacy of these polyesters against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, particularly in specific formulations. We envision that combining sublethal doses of these polyesters with conventional antibiotics resulted in synergistic effects, enhancing antimicrobial activity and biofilm eradication without promoting resistance development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Food Science & Technology (2008-8787) is the property of Tarbiat Modares University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nowadays, due to the harmful effects of chemical preservatives in food products and antibiotic resistance too, the efforts of researchers to use natural and safe antimicrobial compounds, including plant essential oils, have increased. In the present study, after collecting the Badrashboo plant from the fields around Urmia city and drying it, extracting the essential oil from the plant was carried out using a Clevenger device, and the antimicrobial effects of this essential oil against some Gram -positive and Gram -negative food - borne pathogenic bacteria were determined by methods: Disk Diffusion Agar (DDA), Well Diffusion Agar (WDA), Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), Minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) and interaction with four common broad -spectrum antibiotics including Vancomycin, Erythromycin, Chloramphenicol and Gentamicin were performed. The results of the DDA and WDA tests showed that the essential oil of Badreshbo had significant antimicrobial effects on all the tested bacteria in this study. The gram -positive bacteria were more sensitive than the gram -negative bacteria in front of this essential oil. The results of the MIC test of the essential oil for Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella dysentery, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Listeria monostogenes were 2.5, 1.25, 1.25, 0.625, 0.312, 1.25 and 1.25 mg/ml. The MBC of the mentioned strains were 5, 5, 2.5, 5, 2.5, 2.5, and 2.5 mg/mL, respectively. Also, the results of the study of the interaction effect of Badreshbo essential oil with the mentioned antibiotics indicate synergistic effects of the essential oil with all four antibiotics tested. Therefore, considering the significant antimicrobial effects observed for Badrashbo essential oil in this study, it can be used in the food and pharmaceutical industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colistin is essential for treating multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections but has significant nephrotoxic side effects. Traditional approaches for studying colistin's nephrotoxicity are challenged by the rapid metabolism of its prodrug, colistin methanesulfonate and the difficulty of obtaining adequate plasma from critically ill patients. To address these challenges, we developed the Spheroid Nephrotoxicity Assessing Platform (SNAP), a microfluidic device that efficiently detects colistin-induced toxicity in renal proximal tubular epithelial cell (RPTEC) spheroids within 48 hours using just 200 µL of patient plasma. Our findings demonstrate that SNAP not only promotes higher expression of kidney-specific markers aquaporin-1 (AQP1) and low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 2 (LRP2) compared to traditional two-dimensional (2D) cultures, but also exhibits increased sensitivity to colistin, with significant toxicity detected at concentrations of 50 μg ml-1 and above. Notably, SNAP's non-invasive method did not identify nephrotoxicity in plasma from healthy donors, thereby confirming its physiological relevance and showcasing superior sensitivity over 2D cultures, which yielded false-positive results. In clinical validation, SNAP accurately identified patients at risk of colistin-induced nephrotoxicity with 100% accuracy for both early and late onset and demonstrated a 75% accuracy rate in predicting the non-occurrence of nephrotoxicity. These results underline the potential of SNAP in personalized medicine, offering a noninvasive, precise and efficient tool for the assessment of antibiotic-induced nephrotoxicity, thus enhancing the safety and efficacy of treatments against resistant bacterial infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To see the common microorganisms infecting diabetic foot ulcers in a tertiary care hospital of Sindh, Pakistan. Study Design: Cross Sectional Descriptive study. Setting: Department of Medicine Civil Hospital, Karachi. Period: June 2023 to November 2023. Methods: It included 102 patients of all ages and gender, who consented to participate and presented with diabetic foot ulcer. Their demographic data and data of isolated microorganism obtained from wound were recorded and analyzed in SPSS version 24. Results: There were 102 patients in our study who visited OPD as case of DFU and consented to take part in study. Mean age was 57.19 ±11.68 Years 24- 90- years patients were included. The highest number of patients 65 (63.7%) were in the 46-65 years age group, followed by the age group of more than 65 years with 21 (20.6%) of the patients. There were 31 (30.4%) females and 71 (69.6%) patients were males. The ratio of male-tofemale participants was 2.2:1. Wagner grade of lesion was 40 (39.2%) were in grade 2 followed by 23 (22.5%) grade Mean age of patients who develop infection in their diabetic foot ulcer i.e. DFI was 56.64 ± 11.62 Years 24- 90- years. Patients were included. The highest number of patients 48 (64.4%) were in the 46-65 years age group, followed by the age group of more than 65 years with 17 (22.7%) of the patients. There were 25 (33.3%) females and 50(66.7%) patients were males. Mean duration of diabetes was 3.83 ±1. Wagner grade of lesion was 27(36%) were in grade 2 followed by grade 3 and 4 which was 18(24%) each. Among the 75 cases from which pathogens were isolated 46(61.3%) were monomicrobial and 29(38.7%) were Polymicrobial. Based on gram staining, 70.67% were gram negative isolates 18.67%were gram positive isolates and 10.67% mixed gram positive and negative isolates. Overall, pseudomonas auraginosa was commonest microbe isolated (41.3%) followed by Klebsiella which is 17.33%. MRSA was commonest among gram positive organism isolated from wound. Conclusion: Diabetic foot ulcers predominantly get infected by Gram negative bacteria. Proper hygienic practices must be encouraged. Appropriate educational programs targeting awareness for diabetes and related complications must be developed to prevent DFU in this cohort of population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Covering: 2016 to 2024 Natural products, particularly cyclic peptides, are a promising source of bioactive compounds. Nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) play a key role in biosynthesizing these compounds, which include antibiotic and anticancer agents, immunosuppressants, and others. Traditional methods of discovering natural products have limitations including cryptic biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs), low titers, and currently unculturable organisms. This has prompted the exploration of alternative approaches. Synthetic-bioinformatic natural products (syn-BNPs) are one such alternative that utilizes bioinformatics techniques to predict nonribosomal peptides (NRPs) followed by chemical synthesis of the predicted peptides. This approach has shown promise, resulting in the discovery of a variety of bioactive compounds including peptides with antibacterial, antifungal, anticancer, and proteasome-stimulating activities. Despite the success of this approach, challenges remain especially in the accurate prediction of fatty acid incorporation, tailoring enzyme modifications, and peptide release mechanisms. Further work in these areas will enable the discovery of many bioactive peptides that are currently inaccessible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding digestive functions and the role of microorganisms in the prevention of gastrointestinal and systemic diseases may be a strategy for preventing intestinal dysbiosis during critical periods of animal rearing, strengthening the immune system and reducing herd mortality. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the addition of fermented rapeseed meal (FRSM) to the diet of rabbits on the composition of the bacterial microbiota of the caecal contents. The experiment was conducted using 40 35-day-old rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) assigned to four groups of 10 animals each. Animals in the control group (group C) were fed a standard diet, while the experimental groups received 4% (group E1), 8% (group E2) or 12% (group E3) dried FRSM in place of the previously used soybean meal (SBM). After 120 days, six rabbits (three males and three females), of average size and intended for slaughter, were selected from each group. The contents of the caecum were collected from these animals for metagenomic analysis. The research demonstrated that the microbiome of the caecum of rabbits shows low diversity at higher phylogenetic levels, but is highly diverse at lower levels. The study showed no directly proportional relationship between the various groups of microorganisms inhabiting the digestive tract and the share of fermented rapeseed meal used in the diet. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to characterize the microbiome of rabbits fed diets with the inclusion of fermented feed components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The widespread dissemination of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative bacteria poses a significant threat to global public health. Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of carbapenem resistance in gram-negative bacteria isolated from patients at the Children's Medical Center Hospital, Tehran, Iran, to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying this resistance. Methods: During the period spanning from June 2019 to June 2020, 777 gram-negative bacterial strains were isolated. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect carbapenem resistance genes including bla OXA23, bla OXA24, bla OXA48, bla OXA51, bla OXA58, bla OXA143, bla KPC, bla IMP, bla VIM, and bla NDM. Results: Among the total bacterial isolates, 141 (18.1%) exhibited carbapenem resistance. Escherichia coli was the most prevalent (57.4%), followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae (11.3%), and Acinetobacter baumannii (10.6%). Other notable contributors included Enterobacter spp. (5.7%), Salmonella spp. (3.5%), and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (2.8%). Citrobacter spp., Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa contributed to the distributions of 2, 1, and 3 isolates, respectively. Notably, bla OXA48 showed the highest prevalence (33%), followed by bla OXA143 and bla OXA5 8 (27% and 24%, respectively). In addition, bla OXA24 was present in 11% of the total isolates, bla OXA23 in 10%, and bla NDM in 10%, whereas bla KPC, bla VIM, and bla IMP were not detected. Conclusion: Our study highlights the prevalence of carbapenemase-producing gram-negative isolates among pediatric patients. Notable resistance patterns, especially in K. pneumoniae and E. coli, underline the urgent need for proactive interventions, including appropriate antibiotic prescription practices and strengthening of antibiotic stewardship programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Septic arthritis is acute onset of monoarticular inflammation of a joint due to an infectious etiology. It is usually bacterial but can be viral or fungal. Septic arthritis causes significant morbidity and mortality and requires prompt diagnosis and treatment. Risk factors include age older than 80 years, smoking, comorbid conditions (eg, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, skin infection, HIV infection, osteoarthritis), and other factors (eg, recent joint surgery, joint prosthesis, previous intra-articular injection). The clinical presentation of septic arthritis can overlap with those of many other joint conditions, which can make diagnosis challenging. Poor functional outcomes, such as amputation, arthrodesis, prosthetic surgery, and severe functional deterioration, occur in approximately 24% to 33% of patients with septic arthritis. Due to the significant sequelae associated with septic arthritis, it is critical for physicians to maintain a high index of suspicion for this condition. Management involves a combination of medical and surgical treatments tailored to infection severity, causative pathogens, and overall patient condition. Medical treatment is not inferior to surgical treatment. However, 30% of patients with septic arthritis ultimately require surgical treatment. The 90-day mortality rate of knee septic arthritis is 7% in patients 79 years and younger and from 22% to 69% in patients older than 79 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objectives of the study were to determine the prevalence of carbapenemresistant Gram-negative bacteria and assess the potential risks associated with cattle slaughterhouse wastewater. A total of 270 wastewater samples were collected from 10 different cattle slaughterhouses for microbiological analysis. Conventional culture methods were employed, followed by disc diffusion, the Modified Carbapenem Inactivation Method (mCIM), and the Modified Hodge Test (MHT) to identify carbapenem resistance. The Vitek® 2 compact system was used for species identification and antibiotic susceptibility profiling. Conventional and quantitative PCR (qPCR) were performed to detect specific carbapenemase genes (blaKPC, blaNDM, and blaOXA-48), among the collected 17 (6.30%) carbapenem-resistant isolates, one Pseudomonas fluorescens (0.37%), one Aeromonas hydrophila (0.37%), and two Aeromonas sobria (0.74%) exhibited resistance to meropenem. Additionally, six P. fluorescens (2.22%) and two A. hydrophila (0.74%) isolates demonstrated intermediate resistance to meropenem. Furthermore, five carbapenem-resistant isolates were identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (1.85%), known to be inherently resistant to most antibiotics. Ten different antibiotics were evaluated in the antibiotic resistance panel and all Aeromonas isolates were found to be resistant to cefazolin and one A. hydrophila was detected as multi-drug resistant. The revealed data indicates that slaughterhouse wastewater can serve as a reservoir for antibiotic-resistant opportunistic pathogens. However, it may not pose a substantial risk for the distribution of carbapenemases, thereby mitigating concerns related to potential public health and environmental hazards associated with this aspect of slaughterhouse operations. This study contributes to understanding of antibiotic resistance in livestock-related environments and underscores the importance of continued monitoring and surveillance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Nebulizer contamination has potential harmful effects on the respiratory system. The aim was to investigate the contamination profile of the nebulizers in cystic fibrosis patients and evaluate the relationship between hygiene practices and microbial contamination. Materials and Methods: Microbiological swab samples were taken from 3 different locations of the nebulizers of 102 patients. A questionnaire regarding nebulizer hygiene practices was applied to participants. Results: Contamination rate was 40.2%, while chambers were the most contaminated area. The bacterial contamination rate was 37.3%, with gram-negative bacterial growth being predominant. The organisms identified were mostly environmental or floral. Only 3 of the patients were performing the whole steps correctly. This number was not sufficient to assess the relationship between nebulizer cleaning and disinfection practices and microbial growth from nebulizers. When the relationship between nebulizer cleaning/disinfection frequencies, methods, and storage locations was evaluated separately with microbial growth from nebulizers, no statistically significant relationship was found for all (P > .05 for all). Conclusion: The nebulizer contamination rate with pathogenic microorganisms is low in the present study. Regular educational interventions regarding nebulizer hygiene practices should be implemented in all Cystic Fibrosis Centers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salmonella Infantis is a poultry-adapted Salmonella enterica serovar that is increasingly reported in broilers and is also regularly identified among human salmonellosis cases. This study aimed to investigate the presence and distribution of virulence determinants and their antimicrobial susceptibilities of S. Infantis isolates obtained from clinical cases of broilers. In addition, selected 6 S. Infantis isolates were further characterized using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). The majority of the isolates was resistant to at least two or more antimicrobials. Only two isolates were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested. Higher rates of resistance were observed against ciprofloxacin (96.4%), tetracycline (96.4%), sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (76.8%), but low resistance rates to chloramphenicol (8.9%), and ampicillin (8.9%) were detected. WGS analysis revealed the presence of different resistome, but aac(6’)-Iaa and tetA genes in all isolates, and mutations in gyrA and parC genes playing a role in quinolone resistance. WGS also revealed that all isolates were of sequence type 32 (ST32). Based on the presence of virulence genes, the isolates were characterized into five virulence profile. Among the examined virulence genes, invA, sopB, pipD, sifA, stn, spaN, slyA, and hilA were present in all isolates. Only one isolate had all virulence genes examined. The findings of this study provide valuable information on S. Infantis strains isolated from clinical cases of broilers and current antimicrobial resistance levels and virulence determinants. High resistance rates and the widespread occurrence of many virulence genes reveals that the isolates have significant pathogenic potential and pose a threat to public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every year, many people around the world lose their lives due to antibiotic resistance therapy. These resistances pose serious health threats to both individuals and societies, making even simple services difficult to treat. Antibiotic resistance not only affects medical practices, but also causes a huge economic burden on health systems. In this study, Tarantula cubensis spider venom was investigated to produce new antimicrobial agents effective against Gram (+) and Gram (-) bacteria and Candida species. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of T. cubensis extract against microorganisms were tested using minimum inhibition, resazurin and time killing curve methods. MIC values of T. cubensis extract were determined as 14.3-0.45 mg/mL by broth dilution method and 14.3-3.58 mg/mL by resazurin method for the investigated pathogens. Time-kill curve studies confirmed the growth retardant, bacteriostatic/ fungistatic and bactericidal/ fungicidal activity of T. cubensis extract. Antibiofilm studies also showed that T. cubensis extract significantly inhibited and blocked biofilm formed by pathogens (melittin 8-82%, apamin 1.8-78%). T. cubensis was effective in inhibiting biofilm formation (from 99.98% to 75.68%) and eradicating biofilm (from 32.97% to 4.67%) at the highest concentration. T. cubensis extract was found to have high antibacterial and antibiofilm properties. Such natural poisons offer a promising and powerful solution to control microbial populations, combat pathogens, and protect human and animal health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbapenem resistance caused by carbapenemase enzymes is of serious public health concerns globally, resulting in limited options for effective treatment. Rapid detection and exploring new agents are urgently required. This study aims to detect carbapenemase producers and to investigate the antibacterial potential of Pediococcus pentosaceus YTPP 02 against carbapenemase-producing Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The carbapenemase producers were detected by a Nitro-beta test (NBT), a novel and rapid method, as well as by a combined disc with resazurin assay (CRA), and multiplex PCR. P. pentosaceus was isolated from pickled white radish on the MRS agar + 1 % CaCO3. The 16s rDNA-based PCR and sequencing were used for species identification. The agar overlay assay, agar well technique, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were employed to determine antibacterial activity of P. pentosaceus. The NBT successfully detected carbapenemase in all 5 clinical isolates within 20 min, and they all were positive for metallo-β-lactamases in CRA techniques within 7 h. The multiplex PCR detected VIM in A. baumannii BUU 62715, co-presence of NDM and OXA-48 like genes in both K. pneumoniae strains and NDM in A. baumannii BUU 60056 and 30899. Both A. baumannii and K. pneumoniae isolates were resistant to carbapenems. The 16s rDNA sequencing indicated P. pentosaceus. This bacterium exhibited Gram-positive cocci in pairs and quadruplets. P. pentosaceus YTPP 02 showed antibacterial activity against A. baumannii BUU 62715 and K. pneumoniae BUU 10624, with an inhibition diameter of 19 mm. The cell-free supernatant demonstrated promising antibacterial activity against A. baumannii isolates, with inhibition zones ranging from 15.3 - 18.5 mm, and a MIC of 62.5 mg/mL. P. pentosaceus YTPP 02 showed promising antibacterial activity against carbapenemase-producing bacteria. This could be a good candidate for further study and development as a new agent for carbapenem-resistant bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Azo dye derived from 8-hydroxyquinoline and 3-aminopyridine namely (E)-5-(pyridin-3-yldiazenyl)quinolin-8-ol (PQ8OL) and its palladium complex were prepared and was characterized by H-NMR, UV-Vis, and mass spectroscopies. The value of conductivity indicates that the palladium complex is non-ionic. The structure of PQ8OL dye has been solved from powder X-Ray by using Material Studio. The structure has been indicated to hydrazone form of PQ8OL dye. The PQ8OL has coordinated via nitrogen and oxygen atoms of quinoline. The UV-Vis transitions indicated that the palladium complex is square planer. The palladium complex appeared biological activity more than PQ8OL ligand. The prepared compounds appeared potential biological activity in the range of 0.6-2.0 mm against Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli bacteria. The PQ8OL ligand and its palladium complex showed potential inhibition where the inhibition was 1.0 and 6.0 mm for PQ8OL ligand and palladium complex respectively against Staphylococcus aureus. The inhibition for E. coli, by the ligand and its palladium complex was 2.0, and 7.0 mm, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]