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Background To analyse the temporal trends and spatiotemporal distribution of leprosy relapse in Brazil from 2001 to 2021. Methods An ecological study with a temporal trend approach and space–time analysis of leprosy relapse in Brazil was carried out with data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System. Results A total of 31 334 patients who experienced leprosy relapse were identified. The number of recurrent cases tended to increase throughout the study period, and this increase was significant among females and in almost all age groups, except for those <15, 50–59 and ≥70 y. Several clusters of high- and low-risk patients were identified across all regions with a heterogeneous distribution. Conclusions The burden of relapse showed an increasing trend in some groups and was distributed in all regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the financial impact of hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) on family income and expenditures. The study aimed to evaluate risk factors for out-of-pocket catastrophic costs among HS patients. The researchers conducted a case-control study and found that catastrophic costs were associated with higher direct treatment costs, lower family income, and more transportation for HS treatment. The study highlights the economic burden of HS on patients and their families, particularly those with lower incomes. Future studies and policies should focus on reducing the economic impact of HS on family incomes. [Extracted from the article]

This article analyzes the financial impact of incorporating adalimumab, a treatment for hidradenitis suppurativa (HS), into the Brazilian Social Security System (INSS). The study found that HS generates substantial costs for the social security system, but the inclusion of adalimumab gradually reduces expenses. The analysis considered data from 2017 to 2022 and showed a decrease in HS-related costs after the incorporation of adalimumab. However, the study acknowledges limitations, such as the use of secondary data and the possibility of underreporting. Overall, the findings suggest that adalimumab has a positive impact on lowering costs related to HS treatment. [Extracted from the article]