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Objective: To assess factors which may influence surgical success following brachial plexus reconstruction for obstetric brachial plexus injury (OBPI)., Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 27 consecutive patients who underwent brachial plexus reconstruction following OBPI by a single pediatric neurosurgeon, 22 of which had adequate follow-up be included in analysis. Data on preoperative function, intraoperative findings, and postoperative outcomes were collected. Mallet grades for abduction, external rotation, and hand-to-mouth were used as a measure of upper trunk function., Results: All patients undergoing brachial plexus reconstruction (n = 27) were found to have some degree of upper-trunk injury intra-operatively. Of the 22 patients with adequate follow-up to be included in the analysis, 17 had some degree of improvement in Mallet grade postoperatively. Prior to surgery, 95% (21/22) of patients had an abduction Mallet grade of 1, compared to 23% (5/22) at the time of maximum improvement (P < 0.001). These values were 100% (20/20) to 35% (5/14) (P < 0.001), and 95% (21/22) to 27% (6/22) (P < 0.001) for external rotation and hand-to-mouth, respectively. The average time to maximum Mallet grade was 583 days (standard deviation 356 days). Age at time of surgery and time to maximum recovery were not found to be correlated., Conclusions: Brachial plexus reconstruction is an effective treatment modality for patients without spontaneous recovery of upper extremity function following OBPI, although identifying the optimal age-range for surgery remains elusive. Patients with intraoperative findings consistent with a more severe injury may be less likely to benefit from surgery., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)