189 results on '"Garden, A."'
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2. Nonequilibrium heat relation
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Garden, Jean-Luc
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Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics - Abstract
The nonequilibrium work relation, or Jarzynski equality, establishes a statistical relationship between a series of nonequilibrium experiments on a system subjected to thermal fluctuations and a hypothetical experiment at thermodynamic equilibrium. In these experiments, the fluctuating quantity is the work exchanged between the system and its environment, while in the equilibrium scenario, the Helmholtz free energy difference between the system's initial and final states is determined. We inquire about the corresponding associated heat, the contribution of which, when added to the work, yields the change in internal energy. A new equality is presented for the random heat exchanged between the system and its thermal bath during the same protocol as the Jarzynski equality. Guidelines are provided for the experimental conditions required to measure such random heat.
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- 2024
3. An invitation to Culler-Shalen theory in arbitrary characteristic
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Garden, Grace S. and Tillmann, Stephan
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Mathematics - Geometric Topology ,57M25, 57N10 - Abstract
In the seminal work of Culler and Shalen from 1983, essential surfaces in 3-manifolds are associated to ideal points of their $\text{SL}_2(\mathbb{C})$-character varieties, and connections between the algebraic geometry of the character variety and the topology of the 3-manifold are established via group actions on trees. Here, we lay a general foundation for this theory in arbitrary characteristic by using the same approach instead over an arbitrary algebraically closed field. Examples include a change in the $A$-polynomial in characteristic 2, a closed Haken hyperbolic 3-manifold with no detected essential surface, and a closed Haken hyperbolic 3-manifold with an essential surface only detected in characteristic 2., Comment: v2, 48 pages
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- 2024
4. Using Cannabis and CBD to Sleep: An Updated Review
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Lavender, Isobel, Garden, Grace, Grunstein, Ronald R., Yee, Brendon J., and Hoyos, Camilla M.
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- 2024
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5. Effects of atmospheric pressure change during flight on insulin pump delivery and glycaemic control of pilots with insulin-treated diabetes: an in vitro simulation and a retrospective observational real-world study
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Garden, Gillian L., Fan, Ka Siu, Paterson, Megan, Shojaee-Moradie, Fariba, Borg Inguanez, Monique, Manoli, Antonios, Edwards, Victoria, Lee, Vivienne, Frier, Brian M., Hutchison, Ewan J., Maher, Declan, Mathieu, Chantal, Mitchell, Stuart J., Heller, Simon R., Roberts, Graham A., Shaw, Kenneth M., Koehler, Gerd, Mader, Julia K., King, Bruce R., and Russell-Jones, David L.
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- 2024
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6. Fluctuations of thermal variables investigated by cross-correlation function
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Garden, Jean-Luc
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Condensed Matter - Statistical Mechanics - Abstract
Fluctuations in conjugate thermodynamic variables are studied using the cross-correlation function. A new procedure is given enabling the derivation of fluctuation formulas for a system in equilibrium. Specifically, the cross-correlation function between heat and temperature is employed for thermal variables. Additionally, fluctuation-dissipation relations involving the frequency-dependent specific heat are established. Moreover, a general relation concerning the average entropy production is also given, which is the microscopic analogue of the dissipation formula of the linear response theory. In the case of thermal variables, this formula finds application in various scenarios describing fluctuating thermal systems in equilibrium.
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- 2024
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7. Association between beta‐blocker atenolol use and prostate cancer upgrading in active surveillance1
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Ali H. Zahalka, Ethan Fram, Evan Garden, Lauren Howard, Emily Wiggins, Mustufa Babar, Jay Annam, Allison Reagan, Benjamin Eilender, Amanda deHoedt, Stephen J. Freedland, Ash Tewari, and Kara L. Watts
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active surveillance ,atenolol ,beta adrenergic blockers ,beta adrenergic receptors ,prostate cancer ,Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology ,RC870-923 - Abstract
Abstract Objectives The objective of this study is to investigate the association between the use of beta‐adrenergic antagonist atenolol and risk of pathologic upgrade in patients on active surveillance, considering growing literature implicating adrenergic innervation with disease progression mediated through beta‐adrenergic signalling. Patients and Methods Men with low‐risk or favourable intermediate‐risk prostate cancer who were placed on an active surveillance protocol between 2006 and 2020 across three diverse urban hospitals were included. Exposure was duration of atenolol use, and outcome was pathologic grade group upgrading (to GG ≥ 3) on final prostate biopsy. Cox proportional hazard regression models were used to determine the associations between atenolol use and risk of upgrading with time, on a per‐examination basis. Results A total of 467 men with initial GG ≤ 2 were included. Postdiagnosis atenolol use was associated with a decreased risk of pathologic upgrade to GG ≥ 3 on final repeat biopsy (HR 0.81, 95% CI 0.39–0.98). Longer duration of postdiagnosis atenolol use (>2 years) and greater cumulative atenolol dose (>730 defined daily doses) were associated with a more pronounced decreased risk of upgrade to GG ≥ 3 (HR 0.41, 95% CI 0.05–0.88, and HR 0.32, 95% CI 0.15–0.99, respectively). Initiation of atenolol use prior to prostate cancer diagnosis had a slightly greater protective effect than drug initiation postdiagnosis (HR 0.79, 95% CI 0.43–0.98, and HR 0.83, 95% CI 0.30–0.99, respectively). Conclusions Beta‐adrenergic blockade with atenolol use in men on active surveillance is associated with a reduced risk for clinically significant grade group pathologic upgrade.
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- 2024
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8. 'Ikke Skade Treet': 'Don't Harm the Tree'. Narratives from a Norwegian Kindergarten
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Angela Garden and Nicola Hirst
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Outdoor pedagogies have gained significant traction in Early Childhood Education over the years and European traditions represent a cultural norm in what is generally referred to as Scandinavian outdoor pedagogies. This small-scale ethnographic research adopted an interpretative methodological approach and afforded opportunities to observe young preschool children engaging in an outdoor, allotment, Garden School in the centre of Oslo Norway. Here we were in the privileged position to capture moments vis a vis the environment, and whilst we acknowledge traditional child led discourses, affiliated with healthy child development, we also envisaged a world where children engaged in post-anthropocentric entanglements with human and non-human kinships.
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- 2024
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9. New Boundaries, Undecided Roles: Towards an Understanding of Forest Schools as Constructed Spaces
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Angela Garden and Graham Downes
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Forest Schools emerged in the UK in the early 1990s after a group of practitioners developed the Forest School programme following a visit to Denmark. In our recent systematic review of forest school literature in England (Garden and Downes 2021), we proposed that a focus on space in future research to generate new complexities around the broader concepts that allow us to explore hybrid spaces constituted by both classrooms and Forest Schools. This means an examination of the various interactions between children, adults and artefacts that come together to generate existing and new spaces. There is the opportunity to re-conceptualise ideas around the Forest School space through the framing of Massey's (2005) proposition that space is a product of relations-between and that space is always in the process of being made. Thus, children create and 'own' the Forest School space through their inhabitation of it. This paper provides a key contribution to existing knowledge around Forest Schools within outdoor education by examining ways in which new educational spaces can be formed, contested and colonised beyond the classroom.
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- 2024
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10. An Exploration of Children's Experiences of the Use of Digital Technology in Forest Schools
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Angela Garden
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Forest schools are distinctive outdoor spaces that are often regarded as an alternative to mainstream education. Their increasing popularity in the United Kingdom is often attributed to a perceived decrease in children's outdoor play, due to a concomitant increase in children's use of digital technologies in the home; further compounded by the COVID-19 pandemic. This study explores how iPads can enhance outdoor learning activities. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 32 Key Stage 2 children selected from two UK primary schools. The interviews explored the experiences and opinions of the children about the role of iPads in the forest school space using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Findings suggest that Forest School spaces can accommodate new technologies through accommodation of the outdoor environment and technology. Suggestions for future research include the meaningful integration of iPads into Forest School practice while considering the relative influences of space and place.
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- 2024
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11. Correction: Developing Disability-Focused Pre-Health and Health Professions Curricula
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Bracken, Rachel Conrad, Richman, Kenneth A., Garden, Rebecca, Fischbein, Rebecca, Bhambra, Raman, Ragina, Neli, Dawson, Shay, and Cascio, Ariel
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- 2024
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12. Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of iConquerFear: a self-guided digital intervention for fear of cancer recurrence
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Smith, Allan ‘Ben’, Bamgboje‐Ayodele, Adeola, Jegathees, Sharuja, Butow, Phyllis, Klein, Britt, Salter, Marj, Turner, Jane, Fardell, Joanna, Thewes, Belinda, Sharpe, Louise, Beatty, Lisa, Pearce, Alison, Beith, Jane, Costa, Daniel, Rincones, Orlando, Wu, Verena S., Garden, Frances L., Kiely, Belinda E., Lim, Karen, Morstyn, Lisa, Hanley, Brigid, Hodgkin, Rosemerry, Beattie, Annette, and Girgis, Afaf
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- 2024
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13. Street redesign, active mobility and well-being for Pacific elders
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Emily Garden, Losi Sa’u Lilo, Malakai ‘Ofanoa, Adrian Field, Karen Witten, Toleafoa Neil So’onalole, and Siosifa Tupou
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Pacific elders ,active mobility ,built environment ,social connectedness ,urban form ,Social Sciences - Abstract
This qualitative study uses Talanoa methodologies to explore the everyday experiences of Pacific elders travelling around Māngere Central, Aotearoa New Zealand. A suite of street infrastructure changes for walking and cycling took place in the area between 2015 and 2017. While the evidence linking attributes of urban street design to physical activity behaviour is strong, there is little research on the impact of the built environment on Pacific elders’ active mobility. The study seeks to address this knowledge gap by focusing on the impacts of streetscape changes on the active travel and social connectivity of this group of residents. Findings indicate that post-intervention, elders feel significantly safer while walking, with active travel increasing for some. All elders in the study feel that important amenities are now more accessible, with some of significant cultural and social importance. As such, opportunities for social connection appear to have increased. Furthermore, the enhanced look and feel of the local environment is important to the elders interviewed, enhancing feelings of community pride and well-being for some. Further desired changes to support active mobility are discussed, and a logic model highlighting factors theorised to be particularly important for achieving mode shift among Pacific elders is proposed.
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- 2024
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14. ACVIM consensus statement on the diagnosis of immune thrombocytopenia in dogs and cats
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Dana N. LeVine, Linda Kidd, Oliver A. Garden, Marjory B. Brooks, Robert Goggs, Barbara Kohn, Andrew J. Mackin, Erin R. B. Eldermire, Yu‐Mei Chang, Julie Allen, Peter W. Christopherson, Barbara Glanemann, Haruhiko Maruyama, Maria C. Naskou, Lise N. Nielsen, Sarah Shropshire, Austin K. Viall, Adam J. Birkenheuer, Marnin A. Forman, Andrew S. Hanzlicek, Kathrin F. Langner, Erin Lashnits, Katharine F. Lunn, Kelly M. Makielski, Xavier Roura, and Eva Spada
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autoimmune ,hemostasis ,immune‐mediated ,platelet ,thrombopoietin ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Abstract Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is the most common acquired primary hemostatic disorder in dogs. Immune thrombocytopenia less commonly affects cats but is an important cause of mortality and treatment‐associated morbidity in both species. Immune thrombocytopenia remains a diagnosis of exclusion for which diagnostic guidelines are lacking. Primary, or non‐associative, ITP refers to autoimmune platelet destruction. Secondary, or associative, ITP arises in response to an underlying disease trigger. However, evidence for which comorbidities serve as ITP triggers has not been systematically evaluated. To identify key diagnostic steps for ITP and important comorbidities associated with secondary ITP, we developed 12 Population Evaluation/Exposure Comparison Outcome (PECO) format questions. These questions were addressed by evidence evaluators utilizing a literature pool of 287 articles identified by the panelists using a structured search strategy. Evidence evaluators, using panel‐designed templates and data extraction tools, summarized evidence and created guideline recommendations that then were integrated by diagnosis and comorbidity domain chairs. The revised PECO responses underwent a Delphi survey process to reach consensus on final guidelines. A combination of panel expertise and PECO responses were employed to develop algorithms for diagnosis of ITP in dogs and cats, which also underwent 4 iterations of Delphi review. Comorbidity evidence evaluators employed an integrated measure of evidence (IME) tool to determine evidence quality for each comorbidity; IME values combined with evidence summaries for each comorbidity were integrated to develop ITP screening recommendations, which also were subjected to Delphi review. Commentary was solicited from multiple relevant professional organizations before finalizing the consensus. The final consensus statement provides clinical guidelines for the diagnosis of, and underlying disease screening for, ITP in dogs and cats. The systematic consensus process identified numerous knowledge gaps that should guide future studies. This statement is a companion manuscript to the ACVIM Consensus Statement on the Treatment of Immune Thrombocytopenia.
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- 2024
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15. ACVIM consensus statement on the treatment of immune thrombocytopenia in dogs and cats
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Dana N. LeVine, Robert Goggs, Barbara Kohn, Andrew J. Mackin, Linda Kidd, Oliver A. Garden, Marjory B. Brooks, Erin R. B. Eldermire, Anthony Abrams‐Ogg, Elizabeth H. Appleman, Todd M. Archer, Domenico Bianco, Shauna L. Blois, Benjamin M. Brainard, Mary Beth Callan, Claire L. Fellman, Jillian M. Haines, Anne S. Hale, Alice A. Huang, John M. Lucy, Shana K. O'Marra, Elizabeth A. Rozanski, John M. Thomason, Jenny E. Walton, and Helen E. Wilson
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glucocorticoids ,immunoglobulin ,immunosuppressive ,platelet ,transfusion ,vincristine ,Veterinary medicine ,SF600-1100 - Abstract
Abstract Management of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in dogs and cats is evolving, but there are no evidence‐based guidelines to assist clinicians with treatment decisions. Likewise, the overall goals for treatment of ITP have not been established. Immunosuppressive doses of glucocorticoids are the first line treatment, but optimal treatment regimens beyond glucocorticoids remain uncertain. Additional options include secondary immunosuppressive drugs such as azathioprine, modified cyclosporine, and mycophenolate mofetil, usually selected based on clinician preference. Vincristine, human IV immunoglobulin (hIVIg), and transfusion of platelet or red blood cell–containing products are often used in more severe cases. Splenectomy and thrombopoietin receptor agonists are usually reserved for refractory cases, but when and in which patient these modalities should be employed is under debate. To develop evidence‐based guidelines for individualized treatment of ITP patients, we asked 20 Population Intervention Comparison Outcome (PICO) format questions. These were addressed by 17 evidence evaluators using a literature pool of 288 articles identified by a structured search strategy. Evidence evaluators, using panel‐designed templates and data extraction tools, summarized evidence and created guideline recommendations. These were integrated by treatment domain chairs and then refined by iterative Delphi survey review to reach consensus on the final guidelines. In addition, 19 non‐PICO questions covering scenarios in which evidence was lacking or of low quality were answered by expert opinion using iterative Delphi surveys with panelist integration and refinement. Commentary was solicited from multiple relevant professional organizations before finalizing the consensus. The rigorous consensus process identified few comparative treatment studies, highlighting many areas of ITP treatment requiring additional studies. This statement is a companion manuscript to the ACVIM Consensus Statement on the Diagnosis of Immune Thrombocytopenia in Dogs and Cats.
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- 2024
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16. Correction: Using Cannabis and CBD to Sleep: An Updated Review
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Lavender, Isobel, Garden, Grace, Grunstein, Ronald R., Yee, Brendon J., and Hoyos, Camilla M.
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- 2024
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17. Value-based healthcare payment models: a wolf in sheep’s clothing for patients and clinicians
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Forrest Bohler, Allison Garden, Callaham Brock, and Lily Bohler
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Value-based healthcare ,health insurance ,preventative medicine ,population health ,insurance reform ,fee-for-service ,Medicine - Abstract
Value-based healthcare payment models are an alternative insurance payment system that compensates healthcare providers based on their patients’ outcomes rather than the individual services healthcare workers provide. This shift from the current fee-for-service model that predominates our medical system has received renewed popularity and attention within organized medicine such as the American Medical Association. Advocates believe that this new payment model will address many of the unsolved issues in healthcare such as medical waste and unsustainable healthcare costs. In practice, however, this model is plagued with a myriad of unresolved issues of its own. In this commentary, we outline these issues and suggest that the intentions of those advocating for value-based payment models are either misguided or disingenuous. We then offer solutions that preserve our current fee-for-service model while making necessary changes that will benefit both physicians and patients nationwide.
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- 2024
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18. Analyzing diversity, equity, and inclusion content on dermatology fellowship program websites
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Forrest Bohler, Allison Garden, and Varna Taranikanti
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Diversity, equity, and inclusion ,DEI ,graduate medical education ,dermatology ,program websites ,Special aspects of education ,LC8-6691 ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) initiatives have garnered increasing attention within medical education as there have been increased efforts to diversify the physician workforce among medical students, residents, fellows, and attendings. One way in which programs can improve their DEI initiatives and attract a more diverse pool of applicants is through DEI content on their graduate medical education websites. Prior studies characterizing the content and prevalence of DEI material on residency webpages have shown that dermatology residencies have relatively low levels of DEI content on their websites in which almost ¾ of all programs having no DEI content. Little is known, however, if similar findings are to be expected for the three main dermatology subspecialty fellowship program webpages: Dermatopathology, Pediatric Dermatology, and Micrographic Surgery and Dermatology Oncology. Fellowship programs were identified using the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education’s online database of fellowship programs. Programs were evaluated on a standardized scoring system for five equally weighted criteria: fellowship-specific DEI webpage, DEI commitment statement, DEI initiatives (summer research opportunities for under-represented minorities, DEI council, etc.), link to the institution’s DEI homepage, and information about bias training. The mean score among all programs was 12.5. Pediatric dermatology ranked the highest among all specialties, while Mohs ranked the lowest. A link to the institution’s DEI homepage was the most prevalent factor accounting for 42.1% of all programs collected, whereas information about bias training and fellowship-associated DEI webpage were the least prevalent. The results of this study reveal an overall lack of DEI content across all dermatology subspecialties’ webpages and represent an actionable area of improvement for fellowship directors to increase their DEI efforts to attract a diverse pool of applicants to their program.
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- 2024
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19. Characterizing the initial effects of the single accreditation system merge on the ophthalmology residency match
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Forrest Bohler, Allison Garden, Christian J. Santiago, Lily Bohler, and Varna Taranikanti
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Single accreditation merge ,ophthalmology match ,ophthalmology residency ,Graduate Medical Education ,ACGME ,osteopathic medical students ,Special aspects of education ,LC8-6691 ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Introduction In 2020, the American Osteopathic Association merged its residency programs into one system under the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME). The effects of this transition on the ophthalmology match is not fully understood. The purpose of this study is to assess the early impact of the transition to ACGME accreditation on MD, DO, and IMG representation in ophthalmology residency programs.Materials and Methods Information about resident medical degree and resident medical school was gathered from ophthalmology residency program websites from a resident class before and after the Transition. Additionally, the medical degree of residency program directors (PD) was collected to analyze MD vs DO leadership in ophthalmology residency programs and to further stratify resident data to identify any trends in PD preference for different medical graduates.Results Data was obtained for 915 ophthalmology residents in 110 residency programs that met the study’s inclusion criteria. Of these programs, 102 were allopathic with MD leadership, 1 was allopathic with DO leadership, 3 were osteopathic with MD leadership, and 4 were osteopathic with DO leadership. Overall, MD representation increased while DO and IMG representation decreased although not significantly. For both classes analyzed, DO and IMG representation was disproportionately low.Discussion The transition to ACGME accreditation seems to have primarily harmed DO and IMG applicants in the ophthalmology match while benefitting MDs. Various factors such as loss of protected residency positions for DO applicants and the closure of osteopathic ophthalmology residency programs are likely reasons to blame for this decrease in osteopathic representation.
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- 2024
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20. Lack of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase VPS34 in regulatory T cells leads to a fatal lymphoproliferative disorder without affecting their development
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Christina J. F. Courreges, Elizabeth C. M. Davenport, Benoit Bilanges, Elena Rebollo-Gomez, Jens Hukelmann, Priya Schoenfelder, James R. Edgar, David Sansom, Cheryl L. Scudamore, Rahul Roychoudhuri, Oliver A. Garden, Bart Vanhaesebroeck, and Klaus Okkenhaug
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PI3K ,Treg ,VPS34 ,autophagy ,endocytosis ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Regulatory T (Treg) cells are essential for the maintenance of immunological tolerance, yet the molecular components required for their maintenance and effector functions remain incompletely defined. Inactivation of VPS34 in Treg cells led to an early, lethal phenotype, with massive effector T cell activation and inflammation, like mice lacking Treg cells completely. However, VPS34-deficient Treg cells developed normally, populated the peripheral lymphoid organs and effectively supressed conventional T cells in vitro. Our data suggest that VPS34 is required for the maintaining normal numbers of mature Treg. Functionally, we observed that lack of VPS34 activity impairs cargo processing upon transendocytosis, that defective autophagy may contribute to, but is not sufficient to explain this lethal phenotype, and that loss of VPS34 activity induces a state of heightened metabolic activity that may interfere with metabolic networks required for maintenance or suppressive functions of Treg cells.
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- 2024
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21. Synaptic interactions between stellate cells and parvalbumin interneurons in layer 2 of the medial entorhinal cortex are organized at the scale of grid cell clusters
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Li-Wen Huang, Derek LF Garden, Christina McClure, and Matthew F Nolan
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memory ,entorhinal cortex ,excitatory neuron ,inhibitory neuron ,neural circuit ,synaptic organisation ,Medicine ,Science ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
Interactions between excitatory and inhibitory neurons are critical to computations in cortical circuits but their organization is difficult to assess with standard electrophysiological approaches. Within the medial entorhinal cortex, representation of location by grid and other spatial cells involves circuits in layer 2 in which excitatory stellate cells interact with each other via inhibitory parvalbumin expressing interneurons. Whether this connectivity is structured to support local circuit computations is unclear. Here, we introduce strategies to address the functional organization of excitatory-inhibitory interactions using crossed Cre- and Flp-driver mouse lines to direct targeted presynaptic optogenetic activation and postsynaptic cell identification. We then use simultaneous patch-clamp recordings from postsynaptic neurons to assess their shared input from optically activated presynaptic populations. We find that extensive axonal projections support spatially organized connectivity between stellate cells and parvalbumin interneurons, such that direct connections are often, but not always, shared by nearby neurons, whereas multisynaptic interactions coordinate inputs to neurons with greater spatial separation. We suggest that direct excitatory-inhibitory synaptic interactions may operate at the scale of grid cell clusters, with local modules defined by excitatory-inhibitory connectivity, while indirect interactions may coordinate activity at the scale of grid cell modules.
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- 2024
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22. Revising the Dementia Imaginary: Disability and Age-Studies Perspectives on Graphic Narratives of Dementia
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Garden, Rebecca, Lamb, Erin Gentry, Lipscomb, Valerie Barnes, editor, and Swinnen, Aagje, editor
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- 2024
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23. Are measures and related symptoms of cachexia recorded as outcomes in gastrointestinal cancer chemotherapy clinical trials?
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Ross Valaire, Frances Garden, and Valentina Razmovski‐Naumovski
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Cachexia ,Cancer ,Chemotherapy ,Clinical trial ,Gastrointestinal ,Quality‐of‐life ,Diseases of the musculoskeletal system ,RC925-935 ,Human anatomy ,QM1-695 - Abstract
Abstract Background Cachexia is prevalent in gastrointestinal cancers and worsens patient outcomes and chemotherapy compliance. We examined to what extent registered gastrointestinal cancer chemotherapy clinical trials record measures and related symptoms of cachexia as outcomes, and whether these were associated with trial characteristics. Methods Four public trial registries (2012–2022) were accessed for Phase II and/or III randomized controlled pancreatic, gastric, and colorectal cancer chemotherapy trial protocols. Trial outcome measures of overall survival and toxicity/side effects, and those related to cachexia [physical activity, weight/body mass index (BMI), dietary limitations, caloric intake, lean muscle mass] and symptoms (appetite loss, diarrhoea, pain, fatigue/insomnia, constipation, nausea, vomiting, and oral mucositis) were extracted, along with the number and types of performance status and patient‐reported outcomes (PROs) tools. Data were summarized descriptively. Chi‐square tests examined associations between outcomes and trial characteristics (cancer type, trial location, funding source, PROs tools, and commencement year). Statistical significance was set at P
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- 2024
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24. Managing Food Safety in Food Service Sector
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Garden-Robinson, Julie, primary
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- 2024
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25. Long-term cohort study of patients presenting with hypercapnic respiratory failure
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Guy B Marks, Hima Vedam, Frances L Garden, and Yewon Chung
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Medicine ,Diseases of the respiratory system ,RC705-779 - Abstract
Objective We sought to describe the long-term prognosis for a population-based cohort of people with hypercapnic respiratory failure (HRF) and the associations between underlying diagnoses and the risks of death and rehospitalisation.Methods We performed a historical cohort study of all persons with HRF in the Liverpool local government area in New South Wales, Australia, in the 3-year period from 2013 to 2015. Cohort members were identified using arterial blood gas results from Liverpool Hospital demonstrating pH ≤7.45 and PaCO2 >45 mm Hg within 24 hours of presentation. Linked health data were obtained from statewide registries with a minimum follow-up period of 6 years. The primary outcomes were time to death from any cause and the standardised mortality ratio (SMR) which compares the observed to the expected number of deaths in the same population. Secondary outcomes were time to rehospitalisation and the associations between death and/or hospitalisation and underlying diagnoses.Results The cohort comprised 590 adults aged between 15 and 101 years. Overall, 415 (70.3%) participants died in the follow-up period. Among those who survived the index admission, the probability of survival at 1, 3 and 5 years was 81%, 59% and 45%, respectively. The overall SMR was 9.2 (95% CI 7.6 to 11.0), indicating a near 10-fold risk of death than otherwise expected for age. Most (91%) survivors experienced rehospitalisation, with median (IQR) time to readmission of 3.9 (1.2–10.6) months. Congestive cardiac failure and neuromuscular disease were associated with an increased risk of death, whereas chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and sleep disordered breathing increased the risk of rehospitalisation.Conclusions HRF is associated with poor survival and high risk of rehospitalisation in the 5 years following an index event. The underlying disease appears to have some influence on overall survival and subsequent hospitalisations.
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- 2024
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26. A Visualization and Radiation Treatment Plan Quality Scoring Method for Triage in a Population-Based Context
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Alexandra O. Leone, MBS, Abdallah S.R. Mohamed, MD, PhD, Clifton D. Fuller, MD, PhD, Christine B. Peterson, PhD, Adam S. Garden, MD, Anna Lee, MD, MPH, Lauren L. Mayo, MD, Amy C. Moreno, MD, Jay P. Reddy, MD, PhD, Karen Hoffman, MD, Joshua S. Niedzielski, PhD, Laurence E. Court, PhD, and Thomas J. Whitaker, PhD
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Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ,R895-920 ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Purpose: Our purpose was to develop a clinically intuitive and easily understandable scoring method using statistical metrics to visually determine the quality of a radiation treatment plan. Methods and Materials: Data from 111 patients with head and neck cancer were used to establish a percentile-based scoring system for treatment plan quality evaluation on both a plan-by-plan and objective-by-objective basis. The percentile scores for each clinical objective and the overall treatment plan score were then visualized using a daisy plot. To validate our scoring method, 6 physicians were recruited to assess 60 plans, each using a scoring table consisting of a 5-point Likert scale (with scores ≥3 considered passing). Spearman correlation analysis was conducted to assess the association between increasing treatment plan percentile rank and physician rating, with Likert scores of 1 and 2 representing clinically unacceptable plans, scores of 3 and 4 representing plans needing minor edits, and a score of 5 representing clinically acceptable plans. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to assess the scoring system's ability to quantify plan quality. Results: Of the 60 plans scored by the physicians, 8 were deemed as clinically acceptable; these plans had an 89.0th ± 14.5 percentile value using our scoring system. The plans needing minor edits or deemed unacceptable had more variation, with scores falling in the 62.6nd ± 25.1 percentile and 35.6th ± 25.7 percentile, respectively. The estimated Spearman correlation coefficient between the physician score and treatment plan percentile was 0.53 (P < .001), indicating a moderate but statistically significant correlation. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated discernment between acceptable and unacceptable plan quality, with an area under the curve of 0.76. Conclusions: Our scoring system correlates with physician ratings while providing intuitive visual feedback for identifying good treatment plan quality, thereby indicating its utility in the quality assurance process.
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- 2024
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27. Can we safely de-escalate HPV+ oropharyngeal cancers? – A review of current practices and novel approaches
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Morgenthaler, Janis, Trommer, Maike, Khor, Richard, Wada, Morikatsu, Bahig, Houda, Garden, Adam S., Thai, Alesha, Gan, Hui, Fokas, Emmanouil, and Ping Ng, Sweet
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- 2024
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28. A Novel Approach to Detecting Blockages in Sewers and Drains: The Reflected Wave Technique
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David A. Kelly, Mark Garden, Khanda Sharif, David Campbell, and Michael Gormley
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wastewater ,sewer ,hospital drain ,blockage detection ,reflected wave technique ,Building construction ,TH1-9745 - Abstract
Blockages in sewers and drains often result in overflows and flooding that cause significant environmental pollution and public health risks, particularly in hospitals, where the consequences can be catastrophic. Due to their low “visibility”, sewers and drains are inherently difficult to monitor and maintain, resulting in a reactive management approach whereby maintenance or repair is carried out only after a system failure has occurred. This paper investigates the feasibility of applying the reflected wave technique, a unique sonar-like monitoring approach capable of identifying changes in the geometry of closed-pipe conduits, as a means of proactive system monitoring. The technique uses a 10 Hz sinusoidal air pressure wave which is transmitted into the drainpipe. When the pressure wave encounters a system boundary, a reflection is generated which alters the measured test pressure response. Analysis of the reflections generated by a changed system boundary, such as the formation of a blockage, can provide information related to the location of that boundary within the system. An experimental setup was developed to simulate a horizontal drain using standard pipework of 100 mm diameter and 70 m length. The technique was able to detect applied blockages with cross-sectional coverage of 30% and 75%, and lengths ranging from 30 mm to 3000 mm. Accuracy was improved when the pressure sensor was positioned closer to the blockage. When the sensor was 3.4 m from the blockage, location estimates were very accurate (−2% to 3% error). At a 14 m distance from the blockage, the error increased to between 4% and 33%. The accuracy of blockage detection and location improved with increasing blockage cross-sectional area and length. Overall, the reflected wave technique could provide a potentially continuous monitoring solution for blockage detection in sewers and drains.
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- 2024
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29. Radiation Therapy for HPV-Positive Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: An ASTRO Clinical Practice Guideline
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Margalit, Danielle N., Anker, Christopher J., Aristophanous, Michalis, Awan, Musaddiq, Bajaj, Gopal K., Bradfield, Lisa, Califano, Joseph, Caudell, Jimmy J., Chapman, Christina H., Garden, Adam S., Harari, Paul M., Helms, Amanda, Lin, Alexander, Maghami, Ellie, Mehra, Ranee, Parker, Lance, Shnayder, Yelizaveta, Spencer, Sharon, Swiecicki, Paul L., Tsai, Jillian Chiaojung, and Sher, David J.
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- 2024
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30. A Visualization and Radiation Treatment Plan Quality Scoring Method for Triage in a Population-Based Context
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Leone, Alexandra O., Mohamed, Abdallah S.R., Fuller, Clifton D., Peterson, Christine B., Garden, Adam S., Lee, Anna, Mayo, Lauren L., Moreno, Amy C., Reddy, Jay P., Hoffman, Karen, Niedzielski, Joshua S., Court, Laurence E., and Whitaker, Thomas J.
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- 2024
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31. Infections After Adoption of Antibiogram-directed Prophylaxis and Intracorporeal Urinary Diversion for Robot-assisted Radical Cystectomy
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Rich, Jordan M., Garden, Evan B., Arroyave, Juan Sebastian, Elkun, Yuval, Ranti, Daniel, Pfail, John L., Klahr, Rebecca, Omidele, Olamide O., Adams-Sommer, Victoria, Patel, Gopi, Schaefer, Sarah Hall, Brown, Conner, Badani, Ketan, Lavallee, Etienne, Mehrazin, Reza, Attalla, Kyrollis, Waingankar, Nikhil, Wiklund, Peter, and Sfakianos, John P.
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- 2024
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32. MR-guided stereotactic radiation therapy for head and neck cancers
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He Wang, Jinzhong Yang, Anna Lee, Jack Phan, Tze Yee Lim, Clifton D. Fuller, Eun Young Han, Dong Joo Rhee, Travis Salzillo, Yao Zhao, Nitish Chopra, Mary Pham, Pam Castillo, Angela Sobremonte, Amy C. Moreno, Jay P. Reddy, David Rosenthal, Adam S. Garden, and Xin Wang
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MR-guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) ,Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) ,Head and neck ,Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ,R895-920 ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Purpose: MR-guided radiotherapy (MRgRT) has the advantage of utilizing high soft tissue contrast imaging to track daily changes in target and critical organs throughout the entire radiation treatment course. Head and neck (HN) stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has been increasingly used to treat localized lesions within a shorter timeframe. The purpose of this study is to examine the dosimetric difference between the step-and-shot intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plans on Elekta Unity and our clinical volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) plans on Varian TrueBeam for HN SBRT. Method: Fourteen patients treated on TrueBeam sTx with VMAT treatment plans were re-planned in the Monaco treatment planning system for Elekta Unity MR-Linac (MRL). The plan qualities, including target coverage, conformity, homogeneity, nearby critical organ doses, gradient index and low dose bath volume, were compared between VMAT and Monaco IMRT plans. Additionally, we evaluated the Unity adaptive plans of adapt-to-position (ATP) and adapt-to-shape (ATS) workflows using simulated setup errors for five patients and assessed the outcomes of our treated patients. Results: Monaco IMRT plans achieved comparable results to VMAT plans in terms of target coverage, uniformity and homogeneity, with slightly higher target maximum and mean doses. The critical organ doses in Monaco IMRT plans all met clinical goals; however, the mean doses and low dose bath volumes were higher than in VMAT plans. The adaptive plans demonstrated that the ATP workflow may result in degraded target coverage and OAR doses for HN SBRT, while the ATS workflow can maintain the plan quality. Conclusion: The use of Monaco treatment planning and online adaptation can achieve dosimetric results comparable to VMAT plans, with the additional benefits of real-time tracking of target volume and nearby critical structures. This offers the potential to treat aggressive and variable tumors in HN SBRT and improve local control and treatment toxicity.
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- 2024
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33. Spectroscopic and in silico characterization of the interaction between synthetic 2-substituted-naphtho-1,4-quinones and human serum albumin
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da Silva Moreira, Micaeli Louise, Chaves, Otávio Augusto, de Lucas, Nanci Camara, da Silva Goulart, Juliana, Garden, Simon J., Serpa, Carlos, and Netto-Ferreira, José Carlos
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- 2024
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34. MR-guided stereotactic radiation therapy for head and neck cancers
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Wang, He, Yang, Jinzhong, Lee, Anna, Phan, Jack, Lim, Tze Yee, Fuller, Clifton D., Han, Eun Young, Rhee, Dong Joo, Salzillo, Travis, Zhao, Yao, Chopra, Nitish, Pham, Mary, Castillo, Pam, Sobremonte, Angela, Moreno, Amy C., Reddy, Jay P., Rosenthal, David, Garden, Adam S., and Wang, Xin
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- 2024
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35. New approaches for understanding the potential role of microbes in Alzheimer's disease
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Whitson, Heather E., Banks, William A., Diaz, Monica M., Frost, Bess, Kellis, Manolis, Lathe, Richard, Schmader, Kenneth E., Spudich, Serena S., Tanzi, Rudolph, and Garden, Gwenn
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- 2024
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36. Immunomodulatory therapy in children with paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome temporally associated with SARS-CoV-2 (PIMS-TS, MIS-C; RECOVERY): a randomised, controlled, open-label, platform trial
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Faust, Saul N, Haynes, Richard, Jones, Christine E, Staplin, Natalie, Whittaker, Elizabeth, Jaki, Thomas, Juszczak, Ed, Spata, Enti, Wan, Mandy, Bamford, Alasdair, Dimitri, Paul, Finn, Adam, Furness, John, Ramanan, Athimalaipet V, Gale, Christopher, Cathie, Katrina, Drysdale, Simon, Bernatoniene, Jolanta, Murray, Clare, Roehr, Charles C, Fleming, Paul, Riordan, Andrew, Bandi, Srini, Jyothish, Deepthi, Evans, Jennifer, Emonts, Marieke, Kelly, Dominic, Pathan, Nazima, Davies, Patrick, Hague, Rosie, Pollock, Louisa, Semple, Malcolm G, Peto, Leon, Baillie, J Kenneth, Buch, Maya, Jeffery, Katie, Knight, Marian, Lim, Wei Shen, Montgomery, Alan, Mukherjee, Aparna, Mumford, Andrew, Rowan, Kathryn, Thwaites, Guy, Mafham, Marion, Emberson, Jonathan, Landray, Martin J, Horby, Peter W, Chappell, Lucy, Day, Jeremy, Dung, DV, Quang, NN, Binh, Prof, Burhan, E, Alisjahbana, B, Koirala, J, Basnet, S, Kestelyn, E, Basnyat, B, Gyanwali, P, Hamers, RL, Sandercock, P, Darbyshire, J, DeMets, D, Fowler, R, Lalloo, D, Munavvar, M, Roberts, I, Warris, A, Wittes, J, Craddock-Bamford, A, Barton, J, Basoglu, A, Brown, R, Brudlo, W, Denis, E, Fletcher, L, Howard, S, Musini, S, Taylor, K, Cui, G, Goodenough, B, King, A, Lay, M, Murray, D, Stevens, W, Wallendszus, K, Welsh, R, Crichton, C, Davies, J, Goldacre, R, Harper, C, Knight, F, Nunn, M, Salih, H, Welch, J, Campbell, M, Pessoa-Amorim, G, Zayed, M, Wiles, J, Bagley, G, Cameron, S, Chamberlain, S, Farrell, B, Freeman, H, Kennedy, A, Whitehouse, A, Wilkinson, S, Wood, C, Reith, C, Davies, K, Halls, H, Holland, L, Truell, R, Wilson, K, Lingwood, Emma, Howie, L, Lunn, M, Rodgers, Penelope, Amuasi, J, Baird, K, Bao, T, Bittaye, M, Bonney, J, D'Alessandro, U, Dhimal, M, Huyen, T, Jagne, A, Karkey, A, Maiga, O, Matey, E, Nadjm, B, Nel, J, Pant, S, Puspatriani, K, Rahardjani, M, Raijal, S, Rees, H, Rimainar, A, Roberts, C, Rocca, A, Shrestha, S, Usuf, E, Vidaillic, C, Wulandari, F, Alexander, A, Amezaga, M, Armah, C, Asghar, A, Aubrey, P, Barker-Williams, K, Barnard, A, Bartholomew, J, Beaumont-Jewell, D, Beddows, S, Beety, J, Birch, C, Boyle, P, Brend, M, Brookes, M, Callens, C, Campbell, D, Campbell, H, Cate, H, Chambers, E, Chapman, K, Coe, A, Collins, J, Crawshaw, S, Das, S, De Soyza, A, Denton, E, Dicks, P, Dolman, M, Donaldson, K, Dowden, L, Dowling, S, Drake, C, Duckles-Leech, H, Duffy, H, Gerdes, L, Gibbons, K, Gill, L, Gilmour, K, Goodwin, J, Graham, J, Green, C, Hall, C, Hall, A, Hampshire, K, Hanson, J, Harman, T, Harper, H, Harrison, S, Hicks, J, Hodgson, H, Hough, M, Jackson, S, Johnson, G, Kirk, J, Lemoine, N, Levett, C, Lock, S, Lockett, T, Logan, M, Lomme, K, Luo, J, McMillan, N, Membrey, H, Mguni, N, Minton, J, Monaghan, H, Murphy, S, Muzengi, N, Naz, M, Nickson, I, Odam, M, Ohia, U, Okell, E, Oliver, A, Pearson, K, Pine, K, Pleass, R, Porter, D, Porter, L, Potter, A, Poustie, V, Pratt, S, Price, A, Priest, A, Rodgers, A, Rook, C, Ryan, P, Sam, S, Sharratt, P, Sheffield, J, Shenton, J, Shirley, K, Skinner, T, Slade, H, Sutu, M, Taylor, J, Thomas, E, Tinkler, H, Unsworth, A, Usher, R, van't Hoff, W, Walker, S, Walters, J, Walton, E, Warmington, J, Wayman, E, Williams, P, Williamson, J, Williamson, D, Yelnoorkar, F, Knight, M, Hodson, K, Pavord, S, Williamson, C, Bowman, L, Chen, F, Clarke, R, Goonasekara, M, Herrington, W, Judge, P, Ng, S, Preiss, D, Sammons, E, Zhu, D, Arkley, C, Bowker, P, Bruce, J, Byrne-Watts, V, Chapman, G, Coleman, G, Denwood, T, Gray, J, Harrison, D, Mather, N, Pinches, H, Rees, A, Rees, S, Turner, G, Abani, O, Abbas, A, Abbas, F, Abbas, J, Abbas, K, Abbas, M, Abbasi, S, Abbass, H, Abbott, A, Abdallah, N, Abdelaziz, A, Abdelfattah, M, Abdelqader, B, Abdul, A, Abdul, B, Abdul, S, Abdul Rasheed, A, Abdulakeem, A, Abdul-Kadir, R, Abdullah, A, Abdulmumeen, A, Abdul-Raheem, R, Abdulshukkoor, N, Abdusamad, K, Abed El Khaleq, Y, Abedalla, M, Abeer Ul Amna, A, Abel, L, Abernethy, K, Abeywickrema, M, Abhinaya, C, Aboaba, A, Aboagye-Odei, A, Aboelela, H, Abo-Leyah, H, Abouelela, K, Abou-Haggar, A, Abouibrahim, M, Abousamra, A, Abouzaid, M, Abraham, M, Abraham, T, Abraheem, A, Abrams, J, Abrams, R, Abu, H, Abu-Arafeh, A, Abubacker, S, Abung, A, Abusamra, Y, Aceampong, Y, Achara, A, Acharya, D, Acheampong, S, Acheampong, P, Acheson, J, Achieng, S, Acosta, A, Acquah, R, Acton, C, Adabie-Ankrah, J, Adair, P, Adam, F, Adam, M, Adamali, H, Adamczyk, M, Adams, C, Adams, D, Adams, K, Adams, L, Adams, N, Adams, R, Adams, T, Adamu-Ikeme, L, Adati, K, Adcock, K, Addo, A, Adeagbo, O, Adebiyi, A, Adedeji, O, Adegeye, Y, Adegoke, K, Adell, V, Adenwalla, S, Adeoye, F, Adesemoye, O, Adewunmi, E, Adeyanju, A, Adeyemi, J, Adeyemo, T, Adhikary, R, Aditya, A, Adkins, G, Adnan, A, Aeron-Thomas, J, Affleck, D, Afnan, C, Afridi, M, Aftab, Z, Agarwal, M, Agbeko, R, Agbo, C, Aggarwal, S, Aghababaie, A, Aguilar Jimenez, L, Ahamed Sadiq, S, Ahammed Nazeer, M, Ahmed, A, Ahmed, B, Ahmed, F, Ahmed, H, Ahmed, I, Ahmed, K, Ahmed, L, Ahmad, M, Ahmed, N, Ahmed, O, Ahmed, R, Ahmad, S, Ahmed, S H, Ahmed Ali, R, Ahmed Mohamud, B, Ahmer, S, Ahonia, A, Aiken, C, Ail, D, Ainsworth, M, Aissa, M, Aitken, L, Ajay, B, Ajibode, A, Ajmi, A, Akhtar, N, Akili, S, Akinbiyi, B, Akindolie, O, Akinfenwa, Y, Akinkugbe, O, Akinpelu, I, Akram, M, Aktinade, O, Akudi, U, Al Aaraj, A, Al Balushi, A, Al Dakhola, M, Al Swaifi, A, Al-Abadi, E, Alabi, A, Aladangady, N, Alafifi, M, Alam, A, Alam, S, Al-Asadi, A, Alatzoglou, K, Albert, P, Albon, L, Alcala, A, Alcorn, G, Alcorn, S, Aldana, A, Alderdice, D, Aldesouki, A, Aldouri, R, Aldridge, J, Aldridge, N, Alegria, A, Alexander, C, Alexander, J, Alexander, P, Al-Fori, J, Alghazawi, L, Alhabsha, O, Al-Hakim, B, Alhameed, R, Al-Hayali, M, Al-Hity, S, Ali, A, Ali, F, Ali, J, Ali, M, Ali, N, Ali, O, Ali, R, Ali, S, Aliberti, E, Alin, J, Alina, A, Alipustain, A, Aliyuda, F, Alizaedeh, K, Al-Jibury, M, Al-Juboori, S, Al-Khalil, M, Alkhudhayri, A, Alkhusheh, M, Allan, F, Allan, N, Allanson, A, Allcock, R, Allen, E, Allen, J, Allen, K, Allen, L, Allen, P, Allen, R, Allen, S, Allen, T, Alli, A, Allison, K, Allman, B, Allsup, D, Allsop, H, Allsop, L, Almahroos, A, Al-Moasseb, H, Al-Obaidi, M, Alomari, L, Al-Rabahi, A, Al-Ramadhani, B, Al-Saadi, Z, Al-Sammarraie, R, Alshaer, I, Al-Shahi Salman, R, Al-Shamkhani, W, Alsheikh, F, Al-Sheklly, B, Altaf, S, Alty, A, Alvarez, M, Alvarez Corral, M, Alveyn, E, Alzetani, M, Amamou, S, Amar, N, Ambalavanan, S, Ambrogetti, R, Ambrose, C, Ameen, A, Ames, K, Amin, A, Amin, K, Amin, S, Amin, T, Amit, B, Amjad, A, Amjad, N, Amosun, V, Amsal, M, Amsha, K, Amutio Martin, N, Amy, P, Anada, A, Anand, A, Anandappa, S, Anantapatnaikuni, S, Anderson, E, Anderson, J, Anderson, L, Anderson, M, Anderson, N, Anderson, R, Anderson, S, Anderson, W, Andreou, P, Andrews, A, Andrews, J, Aneke, K, Ang, A, Ang, W, Angel, T, Angela, A, Angelini, P, Anguvaa, L, Anichtchik, O, Anim-Somuah, M, Aniruddhan, K, Annett, J, Anning, L, Anstey, P, Anstey, R, Anthony, A, Anthony-Pillai, A, Antill, P, Antonnia, Z, Anu, V, Anwar, M, Apetri, E, Apostolopoulos, A, Appleby, S, Appleyard, D, Aquino, M, Araba, B, Aransiola, S, Araujo, M, Archer, A, Archer, D, Archer, S, Arcoria, D, Ardley, C, Arias, A, Aribike, O, Arimoto, R, Armata, I, Armistead, J, Armitage, A, Armstrong, C, Armstrong, M, Armstrong, S, Armstrong, W, Armtrong, P, Arndt, H, Arnison-Newgass, C, Arnold, D, Arnold, R, Arnott, A, Arora, D, Arora, R, Arora, K, Arora, P, Arter, A, Arumaithurai, A, Arya, A, Arya, R, Asandei, D, Asghar, M, Ashab, M, Ashbrook-Raby, C, Ashby, H, Ashcroft, J, Ashcroft, S, Asher, G, Ashfak, Z, Ashfaq, A, Ashish, A, Ashley, D, Ashman-Flavell, S, Ashok, S, Ashour, A, Ashraf, S, Ashraf, M, Ashraq, M, Ashton, D, Ashton, S, Ashworth, A, Ashworth, F, Ashworth, R, Aslam, A, Aslam, I, Aslam, S, Aslett, L, Asogan, H, Asrar, A, Assaf, O, Astin-Chamberlain, R, Athorne, D, Atkins, B, Atkins, C, Atkins, S, Atkinson, J, Atkinson, V, Atomode, A, Atraskiewicz, B, Attia, A, Attubato, E, Attwood, M, Auer, Z, Aujayeb, A, Aung, A, Aung, H, Aung, K, Aung, N, Aung, Y, Aung, Z, Austin, E, Austin, K, Auwal, A, Avari, M, Avery, M, Aveyard, N, Avis, J, Aviss, G, Avram, C, Avram, P, Awadelkareem, A, Awadzi, G, Awaly, M, Awan, A, Awoseyila, A, Aya, A, Ayaz, E, Ayers, A, Azam, J, Azeem, A, Azharuddin, M, Aziz, A, Aziz, G, Aziz, I, Aziz, N, Azkoul, A, Azman Shah, A, Azzopardi, G, Azzoug, H, Babatunde, F, Babi, M, Babiker, B, Babington, G, Babirecki, M, Babores, M, Babs-Osibodu, A, Bacciarelli, S, Bachar, R, Bachour, M, Bacon, G, Bacon, J, Badal, B, Bader, M, Badhan, G, Badhrinarayanan, S, Bae, J, Baggaley, A, Baggott, A, Bagmane, D, Bagshaw, L, Bahadori, K, Bailey, A, Bailey, J, Bailey, K, Bailey, L, Bailey, M, Bailey, P, Bailey, S, Baillie, H, Baillie, J, Bain, J, Bains, V, Baird, D, Baird, E, Baird, S, Baird, T, Baird, Y, Bajandouh, A, Baker, D, Baker, E, Baker, J, Baker, K, Baker, M, Baker, R, Baker, T, Baker, V, Bakere, H, Bakerly, N, Baker-Moffatt, M, Bakhai, A, Bakhtiar, N, Bakoulas, P, Bakthavatsalam, D, Balachandran, N, Balan, A, Balasingam, P, Balaskas, T, Balasubramania, M, Balatoni, N, Balcombe, A, Baldwin, A, Baldwin, C, Baldwin, D, Baldwin, F, Baldwin-Jones, R, Bale, N, Balfour, J, Ball, R, Ball, M, Ballard, K, Balluz, I, Balmforth, C, Balogh, E, Baltmr, A, Baluwala, A, Bambridge, G, Bamford, P, Bamford, A, Bamgboye, A, Bancroft, H, Bancroft, E, Banda, J, Bandaru, K, Bandla, N, Bandyopadhyam, S, Banerjee, A, Banerjee, R, Bani-Saad, O, Banks, H, Banks, L, Banks, P, Bann, C, Bannister, H, Bannister, O, Banton, L, Baptist, M, Baqai, T, Baral, A, Baramova, D, Barbe, R, Barbon, E, Barbosa, M, Barbour, J, Barclay, A, Barclay, C, Bardsley, G, Bareford, S, Bari, S, Barker, A, Barker, D, Barker, E, Barker, H, Barker, J, Barker, L, Barker, O, Barkha, S, Barla, J, Barlow, G, Barlow, R, Barlow, V, Barnacle, J, Barnes, D, Barnes, N, Barnes, R, Barnes, T, Barnetson, C, Barnett, A, Barnett-Vanes, A, Barnsley, W, Barr, A, Barr, C, Barr, D, Barr, J, Barratt, N, Barratt, S, Barrera, M, Barrett, A, Barrett, F, 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A, Waidyanatha, S, Waite, A, Wake, R, Wakefield, A, Wakeford, W, Wakinshaw, F, Waldeck, E, Walden, A, Walding, L, Waldron, A, Waldron, J, Wales, E, Wali, B, Walker, D, Walker, G, Walker, H, Walker, I, Walker, K, Walker, L, Walker, O, Walker, R, Wallace, G, Wallbutton, R, Wallen, J, Waller, A, Waller, R, Wallis, G, Wallis, L, Wallis, M, Walmsley, E, Walsh, D, Walsh, E, Walsh, L, Walstow, D, Walter, D, Walters, A, Walters, H, Walton, L, Walton, M, Walton, O, Walton, S, Wands, M, Wane, R, Wang, F, Wang, N, Wang, R, Wang, S, Warbrick, D, Warburton, S, Ward, C, Ward, D, Ward, E, Ward, H, Ward, J, Ward, L, Ward, N, Ward, R, Ward, T, Warden, S, Wardere, G, Wardle, S, Wardy, H, Waring, G, Waring, S, Warner, B, Warner, C, Warnock, L, Warran, S, Warren, J, Warren, L, Warren, R, Warren, Y, Warrender, D, Warren-Miell, H, Warwick, G, Wassall, H, Wasson, E, Wastson, E, Watchorn, H, Waterfall, H, Waters, A, Waters, D, Waterstone, M, Watkin, A, Watkins, C, Watkins, E, Watkins, K, Watkins, L, Watson, A, Watson, E, Watson, F, Watson, J, Watson, K, Watson, L, Watson, P, Watson, R, Watters, M, Watterson, D, Watts, D, Watts, J, Watts, M, Waugh, V, Wayman, M, Wazir, A, Weatherhead, M, Weatherly, N, Webb, C, Webb, H, Webb, K, Webb, S, Websdale, C, Webster, D, Webster, I, Webster, J, Webster, T, Wedlin, J, Wee, L, Weerakoon, R, Weerasinghe, T, Weeratunga, J, Weetman, M, Wei, S, Weichert, I, Welch, E, Welch, H, Welch, L, Welch, S, Welham, B, Weller, S, Wellings, L, Wells, B, Wellstead, S, Welsh, B, Welters, I, Welton, R, Wenn, V, Wentworth, L, Wesonga, J, Wesseldine, K, West, J, West, M, West, R, West, S, Western, L, Westhead, R, Weston, H, Westwood, A, Westwood, K, Westwood, S, Wetherill, B, Wheaver, S, Wheeler, H, Whelan, B, Whelband, M, Whileman, A, Whitcher, A, White, A, White, B, White, C, White, D, White, J, White, K, White, M, White, N, White, S, White, T, Whitehead, C, Whitehorn, K, Whitehouse, C, Whitehouse, T, Whiteley, J, Whiteley, L, Whiteley, S, Whitham, R, Whitlingum, G, 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Winslow, H, Winter, H, Winter, J, Winter-Goodwin, B, Winterton, J, Winwood, H, Wischhusen, J, Wisdom, S, Wise, M, Wiselka, M, Wiseman, R, Wiseman, S, Wishart, S, Wishlade, T, Witele, E, Withers, N, Wixted, D, Wodehouse, T, Wolf, W, Wolff, N, Wolffsohn, K, Wolf-Roberts, R, Wolodimeroff, E, Wolstencroft, A, Wong, A, Wong, C, Wong, C H, Wong, E, Wong, J, Wong, K, Wong, M, Wong, N, Wong, S, Wong, T, Wood, A, Wood, D, Wood, F, Wood, G, Wood, H, Wood, J, Wood, L, Wood, M, Wood, S, Wood, T, Woodall, K, Woodfield, R, Woodford, C, Woodford, E, Woodford, J, Woodhead, L, Woodhead, T, Woodland, P, Woodman, M, Woodmansey, S, Woods, C, Woods, J, Woods, K, Woods, S, Woodward, Z, Woolcock, M, Wooldridge, G, Woolf, R, Woollard, C, Woollen, L, Woolley, E, Woolley, J, Woosey, D, Wootton, D, Wootton, J, Worley, D, Worton, S, Wraight, J, Wray, M, Wren, K, Wren, L, Wrey Brown, C, Wright, C, Wright, D, Wright, F, Wright, H, Wright, I, Wright, L, Wright, R, Wright, S, Wright, T, Wroe, C, Wroe, H, Wu, H, Wu, P, Wubetu, J, Wulandari, R, Wurie, S, Wyatt, C, Wyn-Griffiths, F, Wynter, I, Xavier, B, Xhikola, A, Xia, B, Xia, Z, Y Ellis, T, Yacoba, E, Yakubi, M, Yan, M, Yanagisawa, Y, Yang, F, Yang, Y, Yanney, M, Yap, W, Yaqoob, N, Yasmin, S, Yates, B, Yates, D, Yates, E, Yates, H, Yates, M, Yates, T, Ye, J, Yearwood Martin, C, Yein, K, Yeoh, A, Yeung, C, Yew, P, Yewatkar, D, Ylquimiche Melly, L, Ynter, I, Yong, H, Yorke, J, Youens, J, Younes Ibrahim, A, Young, E, Young, G, Young, L, Yousafzar, A, Youssouf, S, Yousuf, A, Yu, C, Yuan, J, Yung, B, Yusef, D, Yusef, S, Yusuf, I, Zafar, A-M, Zagalo, S, Zaher, S, Zahoor, A, Zainab, M, Zak, T, Zaki, K, Zakir, N, Zalewska, K, Zamalloa, A, Zaman, M, Zaman, S, Zamikula, J, Zammit, L, Zammit-Mangion, M, Zawadzka, M, Zebracki, E, Zehnder, D, Zeidan, L, Zeinali, D, Zhang, J, Zhao, X, Zheng, D, Zia, M, Zibdeh, O, Zill-E-Huma, R, Zin, E, Zincone, E, Zindoga, G, Zinkin, E, Zinyemba, V, Zipitis, C, Zitter, L, Zmierczak, A, Zubikarai, G, Zubir, A, Zuhra, N, Zulaikha, R, Zulfikar, S, Zullo, C, and Zuriaga-Alvaro, A
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37. Surrogate endpoints in clinical trials of p16-positive squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx: an individual patient data meta-analysis
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Gharzai, Laila A, Morris, Emily, Suresh, Krithika, Nguyen-Tân, Phuc Felix, Rosenthal, David I, Gillison, Maura L, Harari, Paul M, Garden, Adam S, Koyfman, Shlomo, Caudell, Jimmy J, Jones, Christopher U, Mitchell, Darrion L, Krempl, Greg, Ridge, John A, Gensheimer, Michael F, Bonner, James A, Filion, Edith, Dunlap, Neal E, Stokes, William A, Le, Quynh-Thu, Torres-Saavedra, Pedro, Mierzwa, Michelle, and Schipper, Matthew J
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- 2024
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38. The Youth Fitness International Test (YFIT) battery for monitoring and surveillance among children and adolescents: A modified Delphi consensus project with 169 experts from 50 countries and territories
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Oyeyemi, Adewale L., Marques, Adilson, Gribbon, Aidan, Gaya, Anelise Reis Reis, García-Hermoso, Antonio, Sääkslahti, Arja, Faigenbaum, Avery, Nakabazzi, Bernadette, Leskošek, Bojan, Popovic, Boris, O'Keeffe, Brendan, Timmons, Brian W., Mieziene, Brigita, Fraser, Brooklyn, Brand, Caroline, Anza-Ramirez, Cecilia, Alvarez-Bueno, Celia, Agostinis-Sobrinho, Cesar A., Hillman, Charles H., Niessner, Claudia, Drenowatz, Clemens, Magnussen, Costan G., Cadenas-Sanchez, Cristina, Berglind, Daniel, da Silva, Danilo Rodrigues Pereira, Colella, Dario, Lubans, David, Matelot, David, Tladi, Dawn M., Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Moliner-Urdiales, Diego, Dumuid, Dot, Blain, Dylan, Ulloa, Edtna Jáuregui, Arunas, Emeljanovas, Pintos-Toledo, Enrique, Poon, Eric Tsz Chun, Lee, Eun-Young, Riso, Eva Maria, Mäestu, Evelin, Bardid, Farid, Cañete, Felicia, Rodríguez, Fernando Rodríguez, De Roia, Gabriela, Tabacchi, Garden, Stratton, Gareth, Sandercock, Gavin R., Georgiev, Georgi, Vicente-Rodríguez, Germán, Ferrari, Gerson, Rosa, Gil, Welk, Greg, Jurak, Gregor, Starc, Gregor, Labayen, Idoia, Cigarroa, Igor, Esteban-Cornejo, Irene, Emeterio, Iván Clavel San, Milanović, Ivana, Clarke, Janine, Dobosz, Janusz, Mäestu, Jarek, Brazo-Sayavera, Javier, Sacheck, Jennifer, Servais, Jennifer, Secchi, Jeremías David, Vanhelst, Jérémy, Ramírez, Jesús Viciana, Magalhães, João, Soto-Sánchez, Johana, Jaunig, Johannes, Reilly, John J., Smith, Jordan, Mota, Jorge, Castro-Piñero, Jose, López-Gil, José Francisco, Githang'a, Juliah Wambui, Mello, Júlio Brugnara, Janz, Kathleen, Weston, Kathryn L., Laurson, Kelly, Till, Kevin, Dlamini, Khanyile, Tambalis, Konstantinos D., Basterfield, Laura, Joensuu, Laura, Béghin, Laurent, Santos, Leandro dos, Mugisha, Lillian, Zou, Liye, Taylor, Juan Ricardo López Y, Štefan, Lovro, Léger, Luc, Wachira, Lucy-Joy, Sardinha, Luís B., Rubin, Lukas, Thuany, Mabliny, Cuenca-García, Magdalena, Paw, Mai Chin A, Sanchez-Lopez, Mairena, Pihu, Maret, Noriega, Maria Jose, Medrano-Echeverría, María, Beltran-Valls, Maria Reyes, Löf, Marie, Misigoj-Durakovic, Marjeta, Tremblay, Mark, Gerber, Markus, Sorić, Maroje, Giuriato, Matteo, Vandoni, Matteo, Lenoir, Matthieu, Santander, Mauro D., Peralta, Miguel, Huhtiniemi, Mikko, Said, Mohamed Ahmed, Kaj, Mónika, Burn, Naomi, Ridgers, Nicola D., Lovecchio, Nicola, Aguilar-Farias, Nicolas, Wedderkopp, Niels, Veiga, Oscar L., Saint-Maurice, Pedro, Katzmarzyk, Peter, Henriksson, Pontus, Colley, Rachel, Ocansey, Reginald T-A., Kliegl, Reinhold, Ramírez-Vélez, Robinson, Ssenyonga, Ronald, Naidoo, Rowena, Pate, Russell R., McGrath, Ryan, Kuu, Saima, Salaj, Sanja, Gontarev, Seryozha, Morrison, Shawnda A., Nqweniso, Siphesihle, Chen, Sitong, Kagunda, Stanley, Ware, Stephanie Prince, Wong, Stephen H., Popovic, Stevo R., Fairclough, Stuart J., Andrade, Susana, Kriemler, Susi, Csányi, Tamás, Manyanga, Taru, Mwase-Vuma, Tawonga W., Kidokoro, Tetsu, Gomes, Thayse Natacha, Gisladottir, Thordis, Takken, Tim, Jaakkola, Timo, Lakka, Timo, Olds, Timothy, Tammelin, Tuija, Granacher, Urs, Carson, Valerie, Martinez-Vizcaino, Vincent, Onywera, Vincent, Pellino, Vittoria Carnevale, Huang, Wendy Y., Yin, Xiaojian, Liu, Yang, Song, Yi, Sun, Yi, Liu, Yuan, Ortega, Francisco B., Zhang, Kai, Tremblay, Mark S., Tomkinson, Grant R., Ruiz, Jonatan R., Keller, Katja, Nyström, Christine Delisle, Pate, Russell, Kidokoro, Tetsuhiro, Poon, Eric, Wachira, Lucy-Joy M., Gomes, Thayse Natacha Q.F., Cristi-Montero, Carlos, Fraser, Brooklyn J., Onywera, Vincent O., Liang, Li-Lin, Prince, Stephanie A., Lubans, David R., and Lang, Justin J.
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39. Clinical acceptability of automatically generated lymph node levels and structures of deglutition and mastication for head and neck radiation therapy
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Maroongroge, Sean, Mohamed, Abdallah SR., Nguyen, Callistus, Guma De la Vega, Jean, Frank, Steven J., Garden, Adam S., Gunn, Brandon G., Lee, Anna, Mayo, Lauren, Moreno, Amy, Morrison, William H., Phan, Jack, Spiotto, Michael T., Court, Laurence E., Fuller, Clifton D., Rosenthal, David I., and Netherton, Tucker J.
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- 2024
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40. Patterns of failure for recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated with salvage surgery and postoperative IMRT reirradiation
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Mohamed, Abdallah S.R., Martin, Geoffrey V., Ng, Sweet Ping, Takiar, Vinita, Beadle, Beth M., Zafereo, Mark, Garden, Adam S., Frank, Steven J., David Fuller, C., Brandon Gunn, G., Morrison, William H., Rosenthal, David I., Reddy, Jay, Moreno, Amy, Lee, Anna, and Phan, Jack
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41. New approaches for understanding the potential role of microbes in Alzheimer's disease
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Heather E. Whitson, William A. Banks, Monica M. Diaz, Bess Frost, Manolis Kellis, Richard Lathe, Kenneth E. Schmader, Serena S. Spudich, Rudolph Tanzi, and Gwenn Garden
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Neurodegeneration ,Microbiome ,Infection ,Inflammation ,Immune ,Pathogen ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) involves a complex pathological process that evolves over years, and its etiology is understood as a classic example of gene-environment interaction. The notion that exposure to microbial organisms may play some role in AD pathology has been proposed and debated for decades. New evidence from model organisms and -omic studies, as well as epidemiological data from the recent COVID-19 pandemic and widespread use of vaccines, offers new insights into the “germ hypothesis” of AD. To review new evidence and identify key research questions, the Duke/University of North Carolina (Duke/UNC) Alzheimer's Disease Research Center hosted a virtual symposium and workshop: “New Approaches for Understanding the Potential Role of Microbes in Alzheimer's disease.” Discussion centered around the antimicrobial protection hypothesis of amyloid accumulation, and other mechanisms by which microbes could influence AD pathology including immune cell activation, changes in blood-brain barrier, or direct neurotoxicity. This summary of proceedings reviews the content presented in the symposium and provides a summary of major topics and key questions discussed in the workshop.
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42. Iterative Patient Testing of a Stimuli-Responsive Swallowing Activity Sensor to Promote Extended User Engagement During the First Year After Radiation: Multiphase Remote and In-Person Observational Cohort Study
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Eileen H Shinn, Adam S Garden, Susan K Peterson, Dylan J Leupi, Minxing Chen, Rachel Blau, Laura Becerra, Tarek Rafeedi, Julian Ramirez, Daniel Rodriquez, Finley VanFossen, Sydney Zehner, Patrick P Mercier, Joseph Wang, Kate Hutcheson, Ehab Hanna, and Darren J Lipomi
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Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
BackgroundFrequent sensor-assisted monitoring of changes in swallowing function may help improve detection of radiation-associated dysphagia before it becomes permanent. While our group has prototyped an epidermal strain/surface electromyography sensor that can detect minute changes in swallowing muscle movement, it is unknown whether patients with head and neck cancer would be willing to wear such a device at home after radiation for several months. ObjectiveWe iteratively assessed patients’ design preferences and perceived barriers to long-term use of the prototype sensor. MethodsIn study 1 (questionnaire only), survivors of pharyngeal cancer who were 3-5 years post treatment and part of a larger prospective study were asked their design preferences for a hypothetical throat sensor and rated their willingness to use the sensor at home during the first year after radiation. In studies 2 and 3 (iterative user testing), patients with and survivors of head and neck cancer attending visits at MD Anderson’s Head and Neck Cancer Center were recruited for two rounds of on-throat testing with prototype sensors while completing a series of swallowing tasks. Afterward, participants were asked about their willingness to use the sensor during the first year post radiation. In study 2, patients also rated the sensor’s ease of use and comfort, whereas in study 3, preferences were elicited regarding haptic feedback. ResultsThe majority of respondents in study 1 (116/138, 84%) were willing to wear the sensor 9 months after radiation, and participant willingness rates were similar in studies 2 (10/14, 71.4%) and 3 (12/14, 85.7%). The most prevalent reasons for participants’ unwillingness to wear the sensor were 9 months being excessive, unwanted increase in responsibility, and feeling self-conscious. Across all three studies, the sensor’s ability to detect developing dysphagia increased willingness the most compared to its appearance and ability to increase adherence to preventive speech pathology exercises. Direct haptic signaling was also rated highly, especially to indicate correct sensor placement and swallowing exercise performance. ConclusionsPatients and survivors were receptive to the idea of wearing a personalized risk sensor for an extended period during the first year after radiation, although this may have been limited to well-educated non-Hispanic participants. A significant minority of patients expressed concern with various aspects of the sensor’s burden and its appearance. Trial RegistrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT03010150; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT03010150
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- 2024
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43. Practice Variations in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Pulmonary Embolism
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Devesh Thakkar, Frances Garden, John Nguyen, Brenda Ta, Sikandar Hussaini, and Claudia C. Dobler
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Diseases of the respiratory system ,RC705-779 - Abstract
Venous thromboembolism is responsible for a significant burden of disease worldwide. Despite the publication of multiple international guidelines, anecdotal evidence suggests significant clinical variation exists in the diagnostic and management pathways of pulmonary embolism (PE). We conducted a retrospective cohort study using electronic medical records to examine clinical variation in patients admitted to a tertiary referral center in Australia with a diagnosis of PE between November 2018 and January 2020. Three hundred cases met the inclusion criteria; we found variation in rates of compression ultrasonography, acute investigation of the right ventricle, and planning of repeat imaging at specialist follow-up. Guidelines do not address the use of compression ultrasonography in already diagnosed PE, are conflicting in their recommendation for acute investigation of the right ventricle, and recommend repeat imaging only if there are persistent symptoms at the time of specialist follow-up. The variations we found in this study may in part be due to physician preference or due to the paucity of evidence for some of these diagnostic practices. Robust future studies are required to guide the use of these investigations in PE.
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- 2024
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44. Targeting GPVI with glenzocimab in COVID-19 patients: Results from a randomized clinical trial.
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Julien Pottecher, Francois Raffi, Martine Jandrot-Perrus, Sophie Binay, Andrea Comenducci, Violaine Desort-Henin, Déborah François, Shahin Gharakhanian, Marilyn Labart, Adeline Meilhoc, Elie Toledano, Yannick Pletan, Gilles Avenard, Victor H Sato, and GARDEN Investigators
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
BackgroundGlenzocimab is a novel antithrombotic agent which targets platelet glycoprotein VI (GPVI) and does not induce haemorrhage. SARS-CoV-2 triggers a prothrombotic state and lung injury whose mechanisms include coagulopathy, endothelial dysfunction, and inflammation with dysregulated platelets.Methods and patientsGARDEN was a randomised double-blind, exploratory phase II study of glenzocimab in SARS-CoV-2 respiratory failure (NCT04659109). PCR+ adults in Brazil and France (7 centres) were randomized to standard-of-care (SOC) plus glenzocimab (1000 mg/dayx3 days) or placebo, followed for 40 days. Primary efficacy endpoint was clinical progression at Day 4. All analyses concerned the intention-to-treat population.ResultsBetween December 2020 and August 2021, 61 patients received at least one dose (30 glenzocimab vs 32 placebo) and 58 completed the study (29 vs 29). Clinical progression of COVID-19 ARDS was not statistically different between glenzocimab and placebo arms (43.3% and 29.0%, respectively; p = 0.245). Decrease in the NEWS-2 category at D4 was statistically significant (p = 0.0290) in the glenzocimab arm vs placebo. No Serious Adverse Event (SAE) was deemed related to study drug; bleeding related events were reported in 6 patients (7 events) and 4 patients (4 events) in glenzocimab and placebo arms, respectively.ConclusionsTherapeutic GPVI inhibition assessment during COVID-19 was conducted in response to a Public Health emergency. Glenzocimab in coagulopathic patients under therapeutic heparin was neither associated with increased bleeding, nor SAE. Clinical impact of glenzocimab on COVID-19 ARDS was not demonstrated. A potential role for GPVI inhibition in other types of ARDS deserves further experimentation. Glenzocimab is currently studied in stroke (ACTISAVE: NCT05070260) and cardiovascular indications.
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- 2024
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45. Clinical acceptability of automatically generated lymph node levels and structures of deglutition and mastication for head and neck radiation therapy
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Sean Maroongroge, Abdallah SR. Mohamed, Callistus Nguyen, Jean Guma De la Vega, Steven J. Frank, Adam S. Garden, Brandon G. Gunn, Anna Lee, Lauren Mayo, Amy Moreno, William H. Morrison, Jack Phan, Michael T. Spiotto, Laurence E. Court, Clifton D. Fuller, David I. Rosenthal, and Tucker J. Netherton
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Deep learning ,Segmentation ,Chewing and swallowing structures ,Lymph node levels ,Radiotherapy ,Contouring ,Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ,R895-920 ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Background and Purpose: Auto-contouring of complex anatomy in computed tomography (CT) scans is a highly anticipated solution to many problems in radiotherapy. In this study, artificial intelligence (AI)-based auto-contouring models were clinically validated for lymph node levels and structures of swallowing and chewing in the head and neck. Materials and Methods: CT scans of 145 head and neck radiotherapy patients were retrospectively curated. One cohort (n = 47) was used to analyze seven lymph node levels and the other (n = 98) used to analyze 17 swallowing and chewing structures. Separate nnUnet models were trained and validated using the separate cohorts. For the lymph node levels, preference and clinical acceptability of AI vs human contours were scored. For the swallowing and chewing structures, clinical acceptability was scored. Quantitative analyses of the test sets were performed for AI vs human contours for all structures using overlap and distance metrics. Results: Median Dice Similarity Coefficient ranged from 0.77 to 0.89 for lymph node levels and 0.86 to 0.96 for chewing and swallowing structures. The AI contours were superior to or equally preferred to the manual contours at rates ranging from 75% to 91%; there was not a significant difference in clinical acceptability for nodal levels I-V for manual versus AI contours. Across all AI-generated lymph node level contours, 92% were rated as usable with stylistic to no edits. Of the 340 contours in the chewing and swallowing cohort, 4% required minor edits. Conclusions: An accurate approach was developed to auto-contour lymph node levels and chewing and swallowing structures on CT images for patients with intact nodal anatomy. Only a small portion of test set auto-contours required minor edits.
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- 2024
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46. Advancements in high-resolution 3D microscopy analysis of endosomal morphology in postmortem Alzheimer’s disease brains
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Shannon E. Rose, C. Andrew Williams, Dale W. Hailey, Swati Mishra, Amanda Kirkland, C. Dirk Keene, Gwenn A. Garden, Suman Jayadev, and Jessica E. Young
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Alzheimer’s disease ,postmortem brain ,neurons ,early endosome ,endo-lysosomal network ,confocal microscopy ,Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry ,RC321-571 - Abstract
Abnormal endo-lysosomal morphology is an early cytopathological feature of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have implicated genes involved in the endo-lysosomal network (ELN) as conferring increased risk for developing sporadic, late-onset AD (LOAD). Characterization of ELN pathology and the underlying pathophysiology is a promising area of translational AD research and drug development. However, rigorous study of ELN vesicles in AD and aged control brains poses a unique constellation of methodological challenges due in part to the small size of these structures and subsequent requirements for high-resolution imaging. Here we provide a detailed protocol for high-resolution 3D morphological quantification of neuronal endosomes in postmortem AD brain tissue, using immunofluorescent staining, confocal imaging with image deconvolution, and Imaris software analysis pipelines. To demonstrate these methods, we present neuronal endosome morphology data from 23 sporadic LOAD donors and one aged non-AD control donor. The techniques described here were developed across a range of AD neuropathology to best optimize these methods for future studies with large cohorts. Application of these methods in research cohorts will help advance understanding of ELN dysfunction and cytopathology in sporadic AD.
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- 2024
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47. Patterns of failure for recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma treated with salvage surgery and postoperative IMRT reirradiation
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Abdallah S.R. Mohamed, Geoffrey V. Martin, Sweet Ping Ng, Vinita Takiar, Beth M. Beadle, Mark Zafereo, Adam S. Garden, Steven J. Frank, C. David Fuller, G. Brandon Gunn, William H. Morrison, David I. Rosenthal, Jay Reddy, Amy Moreno, Anna Lee, and Jack Phan
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Head and neck ,Squamous cell carcinoma ,Reirradiation ,Surgery ,Patterns of failure ,DIR ,Medical physics. Medical radiology. Nuclear medicine ,R895-920 ,Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens ,RC254-282 - Abstract
Purpose/Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate patterns of locoregional recurrence (LRR) after surgical salvage and adjuvant reirradiation with IMRT for recurrent head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC). Materials/Methods: Patterns of LRR for 61 patients treated consecutively between 2003 and 2014 who received post-operative IMRT reirradiation to ≥ 60 Gy for recurrent HNSCC were determined by 2 methods: 1) physician classification via visual comparison of post-radiotherapy imaging to reirradiation plans; and 2) using deformable image registration (DIR). Those without evaluable CT planning image data were excluded. All recurrences were verified by biopsy or radiological progression. Failures were defined as in-field, marginal, or out-of-field. Logistic regression analyses were performed to identify predictors for LRR. Results: A total of 55 patients were eligible for analysis and 23 (42 %) had documented LRR after reirradiation. Location of recurrent disease prior to salvage surgery (lymphatic vs. mucosal) was the most significant predictor of LRR after post-operative reirradiation with salvage rate of 67 % for lymphatic vs. 33 % for mucosal sites (p = 0.037). Physician classification of LRR yielded 14 (61 %) in-field failures, 3 (13 %) marginal failures, and 6 (26 %) out-of-field failures, while DIR yielded 10 (44 %) in-field failures, 4 (17 %) marginal failures, and 9 (39 %) out-of-field failures. Most failures (57 %) occurred within the original site of recurrence or first echelon lymphatic drainage. Of patients who had a free flap placed during salvage surgery, 56 % of failures occurred within 1 cm of the surgical flap. Conclusion: Our study highlights the role of DIR in enhancing the accuracy and consistency of POF analysis. Compared to traditional visual inspection, DIR reduces interobserver variability and provides more nuanced insights into dose-specific and spatial parameters of locoregional recurrences. Additionally, the study identifies the location of the initial recurrence as a key predictor of subsequent locoregional recurrence after salvage surgery and re-IMRT.
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- 2024
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48. Artificial Intelligence–Based Radiotherapy Contouring and Planning to Improve Global Access to Cancer Care
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Court, Laurence E., Aggarwal, Ajay, Jhingran, Anuja, Naidoo, Komeela, Netherton, Tucker, Olanrewaju, Adenike, Peterson, Christine, Parkes, Jeannette, Simonds, Hannah, Trauernicht, Christoph, Zhang, Lifei, Beadle, Beth M., Ahmad, Shareen, Anderson, David, Baghwala, Arjig, Chan, Karen, Das, Prajnan, Edwards, Albert, Elbanna, May, Elhalawani, Hesham, Elsayed, Medhat, Ewongwo, Agnes, Fakie, Nazia, Fuller, C. David, Garden, Adam, Gove, Matt, Guerrero-Urbano, Teresa, Kaittany, Njeri, Khan, Mishal, Langer, Joshua, Leeig, Percy, Lee, Becky, Lee, Anna, Lee, Belinda, Leech, Michelle, Li, Ben, Lichter, Katie, Lin, Lilie, Lin, Stacy, Lombe, Dorothy, Mallick, Indranil, Maroongroge, Sean, Martin, Rachael, McGinnis, Gwendolyn, Mezera, Megan, Mohammedsaid, Mustefa, Nguyen, Son, Nuanjing, Jenny, Phillips, Tony, Prajapati, Surendra, Punt, Lydia, Reed, Valerie, Roniger, Dominique, Shaitelman, Simona, Sherriff, Alicia, Shiao, Jay, Skinner, Heath, Susan, Ashely, Sutton, Jordan, Syed, Hamza, Thang, Sandy, Thompson, Juanita, Walker, Gary, Wetter, Julie, White, Ingrid, Xu, Melody, Yousif, Yousif, and Zhu, Simeng
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- 2024
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49. Relationship between Lifestyle Determinants and Perceived Mental and Physical Health in Italian Nursery and Primary School Teachers after the COVID-19 Lockdown
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Antonino Scardina, Garden Tabacchi, Ewan Thomas, Giovanni Angelo Navarra, Luca Petrigna, Giovanni Caramazza, Antonio Palma, and Marianna Bellafiore
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Mediterranean diet ,physical activity ,body mass index ,sedentary behavior ,workplace ,health ,Diseases of the musculoskeletal system ,RC925-935 - Abstract
The COVID-19 lockdown and the consequent distance school learning made epochal changes in children’s lifestyles; however, little is known about the lockdown effects on school teacher habits. The aim of this observational study is to examine differences in the lifestyle of nursery (NS) and primary (PS) school teachers after one of the COVID-19 lockdowns and investigate the relationship between perceived physical/mental health and demographics, weight status and lifestyle determinants, such as adherence to the Mediterranean Diet (MD) and physical activity level (PAL). A total sample of 265 participants (49.22 ± 6.95 years) filled out an online information questionnaire and standardized questionnaires to collect data on the Physical Component Summary (PCS), Mental Component Summary (MCS), PAL and MD-adherence. A t-test or ANOVA analysis was used to assess differences between quantitative variables: Mann–Whitney U or Kruskal–Wallis tests for qualitative variables. Spearman’s correlations and multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed to identify categorical factors associated with classes of PCS and MCS. Teachers showed sufficient/high PAL, with a significantly higher level in the PS group (p < 0.05). This last showed a higher PCS score (p < 0.05). No differences between groups were found for MD-adherence, which was moderate/fair in both groups, and MCS, which was sufficient/good. Logistic regression showed that the only positive predictor of a high PCS was being physically active (OR 2.10, 95%CI 1.05–4.2, p < 0.05), while MCS was positively associated with normal weight status (OR 0.48, 95%CI 0.33–0.78, p = 0.020). This study highlights that PS teachers are more active than the NS group and perceive a higher physical health level. Mere predictors of physical and mental well-being are PA practice and being normal weight, respectively. This suggests that interventions to improve perceived health in this work category should be focused on the promotion of physical activity practice and on the maintenance of an optimal weight status.
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- 2024
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50. How will the new competition laws impact business?
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Garden, Mark and Maritz, Annerita
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Competition (Economics) -- Laws, regulations and rules ,Government regulation ,Business, international - Abstract
Before leaving his ministerial position, the outgoing Minister of Competition, Trade and Industry, Ebrahim Patel (the Minister), published two important regulations (one of which is in draft form). These regulations, [...]
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- 2024
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