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João Guerreiro,1 Laura Schulze,1 Albert Garcia i Tormo,1 Amanda J Henwood,1 Luc Schneider,1,2 Elise Krob,1 Sarah Salvilla,3 Kelly MY Chan,3 Sarah Deedat,3 Aleksandar Matic1 1R&D, Koa Health, Barcelona, Spain; 2Department of Management, LSE, London, UK; 3FWD Group, FWD Group, Hong Kong, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: João Guerreiro, R&D, Koa Health, Carrer de la Ciutat de Granada 121, Barcelona, 08018, Spain, Email joao.leitaoguerreiro@koahealth.comAbstract: Sleep, an intrinsic aspect of human life, is experienced by individuals differently which may be influenced by personality traits and characteristics. Exploring how these traits influence behaviors and sleep routines could be used to inform more personalized and effective interventions to promote better sleep. Our objective was to summarize the existing literature on the relationship between personality traits and sleep patterns through a systematic review. An abstract and keyword search was conducted in PsycINFO, Cochrane and PubMed, collecting relevant literature, published between January 1980 and June 2024. A total of 1713 records were found, of which 18 studies were analyzed in the descriptive synthesis. Relevant studies covered populations in 11 different countries, Australia, China, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Italy, Japan, Poland, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and the United States, comprising a total of 58,812 subjects. All studies reported an association between a sleep pattern with at least one of the Big Five personality traits (agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, neuroticism, openness to experience). Ten studies found associations between personality and sleep quality, all of which reported a link between neuroticism and sleep quality (effect sizes 0.183-0.40). Five studies found an association between conscientiousness and morningness (effect sizes 0.16-0.35). Other sleep patterns linked to personality traits included sleep duration, nightmare frequency and distress, sleep deficiency, sleep continuity, insomnia severity and sleep problems, sleep hygiene, sleep latency and daytime sleepiness. This novel systematic review confirms that sleep and personality traits are related, suggesting that those traits should be considered when trying to understand or change one’s sleep behavior.Keywords: personality traits, sleep patterns, big five, sleep quality, chronotype

Aims Climate change is endangering olive groves. Farmers are adapting by exploring new varieties of olive trees and examining the role of microbiomes in plant health. The main objectives of this work were to determine the primary factors that influence the microbiome of olive trees and to analyze the connection between the rhizosphere and endosphere compartments. Methods and Results The rhizosphere and xylem sap microbiomes of two olive tree varieties were characterized by next-generation 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, and soil descriptors were analyzed. Bacterial communities in the rhizosphere of olive trees were more diverse than those found in the xylem sap. Pseudomonadota, Actinobacteriota, Acidobacteriota, and Bacillota were the dominant phyla in both compartments. At the genus level, only very few taxa were shared between soil and sap bacterial communities. Conclusions The composition of the bacteriome was more affected by the plant compartment than by the olive cultivar or soil properties, and a direct route from the rhizosphere to the endosphere could not be confirmed. The large number of plant growth-promoting bacteria found in both compartments provides promising prospects for improving agricultural outcomes through microbiome engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consumers are increasingly seeking products with a higher degree of customization, and this has intensified the search for more flexible production systems. Unexpected phenomena, including those impacting the economy and public health, have shown the need for high reactivity by manufacturers. Reconfigurable Manufacturing Systems are one of the means to respond to new market needs. They are designed to be able to quickly change their structure and thus adapt their functionalities and capabilities. A central question with regard to these types of systems is when and how they should be reconfigured. It is, however, a question that needs to be addressed simultaneously alongside the classic resource allocation and scheduling problems, since the problems are interdependent. This paper proposes four models that address the problem sequentially, partially sequentially, and integrally. Our numerical analysis demonstrates the advantage and importance of treating these problems in an integrated manner. In addition, we provide and compare three exact methods for the integrated process planning, layout, and scheduling optimization problems. The exact methods are integer linear programming, constraint programming, and constraint programming with search strategies, which our numerical examples show to be greatly superior to the two others. Finally, we present a problem at an industrial scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 spread is challenging due to asymptomatic infections, numerous variants, and population behavior changes from non-pharmaceutical interventions. We developed a Digital Twin model to simulate SARS-CoV-2 evolution in Catalonia. Continuous validation ensures our model's accuracy. Our system uses Catalonia Health Service data to quantify cases, hospitalizations, and healthcare impact. These data may be under-reported due to screening policy changes. To improve our model's reliability, we incorporate data from the Catalan Surveillance Network of SARS-CoV-2 in Sewage (SARSAIGUA). This paper shows how we use sewage data in the Digital Twin validation process to identify discrepancies between model predictions and real-time data. This continuous validation approach enables us to generate long-term forecasts, gain insights into SARS-CoV-2 spread, reassess assumptions, and enhance our understanding of the pandemic's behavior in Catalonia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (B-ALL) is the most common pediatric cancer, arising most often in children aged 2-5 years. This distinctive age distribution hints at an association between B-ALL development and disrupted immune system function during a susceptible period during childhood, possibly triggered by early exposure to infection. While cure rates for childhood B-ALL surpass 90% in high-income nations, survivors suffer from diminished quality of life due to the side effects of treatment. Consequently, understanding the origins and evolution of B-ALL, and how to prevent this prevalent childhood cancer, is paramount to alleviate this substantial health burden. This article provides an overview of our current understanding of the etiology of childhood B-ALL and explores how this knowledge can inform preventive strategies., (© 2024 The Author(s). BioEssays published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

The discovery that metabolic alterations often coexist with neurodegenerative conditions has sparked interest in the examination of metabolic regulatory factors as potential modulators of brain health. Here, we examined the role of adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, resistin, and IL6) and insulin on different markers of brain atrophy in participants on the spectrum of Alzheimer's Disease. We included 566 participants from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) dataset with 1063 follow-up time points (average follow-up: one year); and examined the association between metabolic regulatory factors and volumetric MRI values, white matter hyperintensities, and measures of cognitive impairment. Higher leptin, resistin, IL6, and insulin were associated with markers of cerebral atrophy, such as lower total brain volume, or higher ventricular volume. Higher leptin and resistin were also associated with greater impairment in daily life activities. Higher adiponectin was associated with lower ventricle volume. There was no association between adipokines or insulin with white matter hyperintensities. Our findings indicate a co-occurrence between alterations in metabolic regulatory factors and in brain volume along the preclinical to clinical spectrum of Alzheimer's Disease. These results suggest that strategies aimed at promoting metabolic health may positively impact brain health., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest Isabel García-García and Olga Donica are employed at Clinique la Prairie, a private clinic specialized in longevity. Farooq S. Kamal and Mahsa Dadar declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objective:  For many health care providers, an umbilical venous catheter (UVC) may be a contraindication for skin-to-skin contact (SSC). Our aim was to compare the frequency of adverse events between preterm infants who were on SSC with UVC and those who remained in an incubator., Study Design:  Prospective observational study in newborns less than 35 weeks gestation. UVC-related adverse events were compared between neonates who performed SSC and those who did not. The incidence of catheter-related displacement, leak, loss, hemorrhage, malfunction, and bloodstream infection was studied., Results:  From 226 patients, 171 performed SSC with UVC. Their first contact was earlier than in those who remained in an incubator (SSC-UVC, 29 hours [interquartile range (IQR): 21-53] vs. no SSC-UVC, 132 hours [IQR: 96-188]; p  < 0.001). Both groups were similar in gestational age (SSC-UVC, 30 weeks vs. no SSC-UVC, 30.3 weeks; p  = 0.331) and birth weight (SSC-UVC, 1,285 g vs. no SSC-UVC, 1,355 g; p  = 0.2). Studied complications were not more frequent in patients who performed SSC. In fact, although it was not statistically significant, a lower overall incidence of adverse events (SSC-UVC, 13.5% vs. no SSC-UVC, 20%; p  = 0.237) and catheter-related bloodstream infection (SSC-UVC, 4.7% vs. no SSC-UVC, 10.9%; p  = 0.111) was observed in this group., Conclusion:  SSC with a UVC is a safe procedure and there are no more complications in newborns who perform SSC compared to those who remain in the incubator. Due to its demonstrated benefits, SSC should be promoted in premature newborns regardless of the presence of a UVC., Key Points: · SSC in preterm infants with UVCs is safe.. · Early SSC does not increase UVC-related bloodstream infection.. · Early SSC should be promoted in stable patients regardless of the presence of a UVC.., Competing Interests: None declared., (Thieme. All rights reserved.)

A modified Metal-Organic Framework UiO-66-NH 2 -based photocathode in a zero-gap gas phase photoelectrolyzer was applied for CO 2 reduction. Four types of porous carbon fiber layers with different wettability were employed to tailor the local environment of the cathodic surface reactions, optimizing activity and selectivity towards formate, methanol, and ethanol. Results are explained by mass transport through the different type and arrangement of carbon fiber support layers in the photocathodes and the resulting local environment at the UiO-66-NH 2 catalyst. The highest energy-to-fuel conversion efficiency of 1.06 % towards hydrocarbons was achieved with the most hydrophobic carbon fiber (H23C2). The results are a step further in understanding how the design and composition of the photoelectrodes in photoelectrochemical electrolyzers can impact the CO 2 reduction efficiency and selectivity., (© 2024 The Authors. ChemSusChem published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.)