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To address the issue of low dispersion of Cu species in Cu-based catalysts used in the synthesis of low-carbon alcohols from syngas, the structures of [Cu(EDTA)]2- intercalated ZnAl hydrotalcite-like catalysts were successfully adjusted by four intercalation methods, including coprecipitation, ion exchange, calcination recovery, and reprecipitation methods. The catalyst structures were characterized by XRD, N2 physical adsorption/desorption, TEM, H2-TPR, XPS and so on, and the catalytic performances of catalysts in CO hydrogenation to low-carbon alcohols were also investigated. The results show that the Cu dispersities, Cu specific surface areas and the relative contents of oxygen vacancy are regulated by the intercalation methods, thereby affecting their catalytic performances. The catalyst prepared by calcination recovery method exhibites the highest Cu dispersity, the largest Cu specific surface area and the highest oxygen vacancy concentration. Moreover, the interaction between Cu species and ZnO on the layered is strong. This catalyst exhibites the best catalytic performance under reaction conditions of temperature 280 °C, pressure 4.0 MPa, gas hourly space velocity 2000 h-1 and V(H2):V(CO) = 1:1, and the total alcohol space-time yield achieves 17468.7 mg/(g⋅h). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proton exchange membranes (PEMs) have key functions in fuel cells. They separate the cathode and anode, provide channel for proton transport, and block the fuel permeation in the battery. Perfluorosulfonic acid membrane like Nafion has excellent chemical stability, thermal stability, and high proton conductivity. However, it also has problems such as high cost, poor mechanical performance and low proton conductivity at high temperatures, and easy degradation. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are attractive candidates for PEMs due to their high porosity, large specific surface area and controllable internal channels. MOFs have been used as proton conductors directly, or to modify and improve the existing ionic polymer PEMs, and a series of important progresses have been achieved. In this paper, four common proton conduction modes of MOFs structure proton conductors are reviewed, and the related studies of MOFs in different types of ionic polymer composite PEMs are summarized. Moreover, current issues on MOFs proton conductors and their PEMs are pointed out, which provides references and ideas for the development and application of MOFs as PEMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermomorphogenesis and the heat shock (HS) response are distinct thermal responses in plants that are regulated by PHYTOCHROME‐INTERACTING FACTOR 4 (PIF4) and HEAT SHOCK FACTOR A1s (HSFA1s), respectively. Little is known about whether these responses are interconnected and whether they are activated by similar mechanisms. An analysis of transcriptome dynamics in response to warm temperature (28°C) treatment revealed that 30 min of exposure activated the expression of a subset of HSFA1 target genes in Arabidopsis thaliana. Meanwhile, a loss‐of‐function HSFA1 quadruple mutant (hsfa1‐cq) was insensitive to warm temperature‐induced hypocotyl growth. In hsfa1‐cq plants grown at 28°C, the protein and transcript levels of PIF4 were greatly reduced, and the circadian rhythm of many thermomorphogenesis‐related genes (including PIF4) was disturbed. Additionally, the nuclear localization of HSFA1s and the binding of HSFA1d to the PIF4 promoter increased following warm temperature exposure, whereas PIF4 overexpression in hsfa1‐cq partially rescued the altered warm temperature‐induced hypocotyl growth of the mutant. Taken together, these results suggest that HSFA1s are required for PIF4 accumulation at a warm temperature, and they establish a central role for HSFA1s in regulating both thermomorphogenesis and HS responses in Arabidopsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Pollen development and germination are critical for successful generation of offspring in plants, yet they are highly susceptible to heat stress (HS). However, the molecular mechanism underlying this process has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we highlight the essential roles of two mRNA capping enzymes, named Arabidopsis mRNA capping phosphatase (ARCP) 1 and 2, in regulating male and female gamete development. The transmission efficiencies of gametes carrying arcp1 arcp2 from arcp1+/− arcp2−/− and arcp1−/− arcp2+/− mutants are 30% and zero, respectively. These mutants exhibited a significant increase in misshaped pollen, with germination rates approximately half of those in wild type. ARCP1/2 exhibit RNA triphosphatase and RNA guanylyltransferase activities, which are required for proper pollen development. Through RNA‐seq analysis, genes involved in pollen development/germination and HS response were identified as downregulated genes in pollen from arcp1+/− arcp2−/− mutant. Furthermore, ARCP2 protein is degraded under HS condition, and inducing the expression of ARCP2 can increase the pollen germination rate under elevated temperature. We propose that HS triggers the degradation of mRNA capping enzymes, which in turn disrupts the transcriptome that required for pollen development and pollen germination and ultimately leads to male sterility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Direct conversion of syngas into ethanol is an attractive process because of its short route and high-added value, but remains an enormous challenge due to the low selectivity caused by unclear active sites. Here, the Cu(111) supported N-modified graphene fragments C 13- m N m /Cu(111) ( m = 0-2) are demonstrated to be an efficient catalyst for fabricating ethanol from syngas and methanol. Our results suggest that the Cu-carbon interaction not only facilitates CO activation, but also significantly affects the adsorption stability of C 2 intermediates and finally changes the fundamental reaction mechanism. The impeded hydrogenation performance of C 13 /Cu(111) due to the introduced Cu-carbon interaction is dramatically improved by N-doping. Multiple analyses reveal that the promoted electron transfer and the enhanced electron endowing ability of C 13- m N m /Cu(111) ( m = 1-2) to the co-adsorbed CH 3 CH x OH ( x = 0-1) and H are deemed to be mainly responsible for the remarkable enhancement in hydrogenation ability. From the standpoint of the frontier molecular orbital, the decreased HOMO-LUMO gap and the increased overlap extent of HOMO and LUMO with the doping of N atoms also further verify the more facile hydrogenation reactions. Clearly, the Cu-carbon interaction through N-modification is of critical importance in ethanol formation. The final hydrogenation reaction during ethanol formation is deemed to be the rate-controlling step. The insights gained here could shed new light on the nature of Cu-carbon interaction in carbon material modified Cu-based catalysts for ethanol synthesis, which could be extended to design and modify other metal-carbon catalysts.

Introduction: Ticks are important blood-sucking ectoparasites that can transmit various pathogens, posing significant threats to the wellbeing of humans and livestock. Dabieshan tick virus (DBTV) was initially discovered in 2015 in Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks from the Dabieshan mountain region in Hubei Province, China. In recent years, DBTV has been discovered in various regions of China, including Shandong, Zhejiang, Liaoning, Hubei, Yunnan, and Guizhou Provinces. However, the researches on tick-borne transmission of DBTV are scarce., Methods: This study utilized the small RNA sequencing (sRNA-seq) method to identify tick-associated viruses in ticks collected from Chengde in Hebei Province and Yongcheng in Henan Province, leading to the discovery of a new DBTV strain in Hebei. The complete coding genome of DBTV Hebei strain was obtained through RNA-seq and Sanger sequencing. Furthermore, the transmission experiment of DBTV in H. longicornis was examined in laboratory for the first time., Results: DBTV was detected in newly molted adult H. longicornis ticks collected in Chengde, Hebei Province. Additionally, DBTV was also detected in both unfed nymphs and engorged females of H. longicornis collected from Chengde, with a positive rate of 20% and 56.25%, respectively. The complete coding genome of DBTV (OP682840 and OP716696) were obtained, and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the DBTV Hebei strain clustered with previously reported DBTV strains. Furthermore, this virus was observed in engorged females, eggs, and larvae of the subsequent generation., Discussion: It is necessary to expand the scope of DBTV investigation, particularly in northern China. This study demonstrated that DBTV can be transmitted from engorged females to larvae of the next generation. Moreover, the detection of DBTV in unfed nymphs and adults (which moulted from engorged nymphs) collected from the filed of Chengde suggests that H. longicornis serves as a potential transmission host and reservoir for DBTV through transstadial and transovarial transmission. However, there remains a lack of research on the isolation and pathogenicity of DBTV, highlighting the need for further studies to mitigate potential harm to the health of animals and humans., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision., (Copyright © 2024 Xu, Gao, Wu, Yin, Ren, Zhang, Liu, Yang, Bayasgalan, Tserendorj, Yang and Chen.)