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A hydrogen ionic plasma source has been developed that is with a low residual electron presence (<0.01) using an aluminum plasma grid for negative hydrogen ion production and a control grid for electron removal. The ionic plasma density increases when a positive-ion beam is superimposed on a hydrogen plasma and irradiated onto the Al plasma grid. Even though the ionic plasma is formed in a region with high-deflection magnetic flux density, a collapse phenomenon can occur downstream of the region under certain electrode voltage conditions, causing electrons to appear and forming an electron plasma. Under electrode voltage conditions that prevent the collapse, the nine ionic plasmas, each passing through extraction apertures with a diameter of 1.3 cm, are combined to form the ionic plasma with a diameter of approximately 6 cm and a density on the order of 10 9 cm−3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background This prospective observational study evaluated the real-world effectiveness of nivolumab monotherapy in previously treated advanced gastric cancer (GC). A preplanned 2-year final analysis was performed to confirm survival and tumor behavior with nivolumab monotherapy. Patients and Methods The primary endpoint was overall survival (OS). The data regarding tumor size were prospectively collected and evaluated using the RECIST criteria. Exploratory analyses were performed for survival according to the tumor response and depth of response (DpR) in patients with measurable lesions who were receiving nivolumab monotherapy as third- or later-line therapy. Results In 487 patients, the median OS and progression-free survival (PFS) were 5.8 (95% CI 5.3-6.9) months and 1.8 (95% CI 1.7-2.0) months, respectively. The response rate (RR) was 14.5% in 282 patients with measurable lesions. In 234 patients treated with third- or later-line, the DpR was found to be associated with PFS and OS in the Spearman analysis (r  = 0.55 and 0.44, respectively) as well as using a discrete variable. When the DpR was divided into 5 groups (−20%≥DpR; −20%

Objectives: Atypical femoral fracture (AFF) is an atypical low-energy subtrochanteric and diaphyseal femoral fracture. Even if bone fusion is achieved in patients with AFF, the risk of AFF in the contralateral femur must be considered. This study aimed to investigate the factors affecting complete AFF in the contralateral femur and conservatively treated incomplete AFF. Subject and Methods: Radiographs of 111 femurs in 104 AFF cases were examined, and the femurs were classified as follows: 85 contralateral femurs with complete AFF; 18 contralateral femurs with incomplete AFF; 8 femurs with incomplete AFF without surgical treatment. Various patients' clinical data were collected, and we investigated the factors affecting the second complete AFF. Results: Complete fractures occurred in 10 (9.7%) of 103 femurs without incomplete AFF at the first visit and in 3 (37.5%) of 8 femurs with incomplete AFF. The Kaplan-Meier curve revealed that lateral cortical bone thickening and thigh pain were associated with significantly poorer prognoses (p = 0.026 and p = 0.013, respectively). Multivariate analyses revealed that eldecalcitol usage after AFF onset (p = 0.0094) and previous use of bisphosphonate or denosumab (p = 0.0126) were protective factors for second complete AFF and that the presence of thigh pain (p = 0.0134) was a risk factor for second complete AFF. Conclusions: Eldecalcitol administration after bone union of first AFF may prevent AFF recurrence. In addition, painful incomplete AFF has a high risk of developing a complete fracture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Individual-level surrogates are important for management in patients treated for advanced gastric cancer (AGC). This study aimed to comprehensively investigate the correlation of multiple clinical endpoints in the first-line chemotherapy of AGC., Methods: Individual patient data (IPD) were collected from four Japanese Phase III trials comparing S-1-based first-line chemotherapies (SPIRITS, START, GC0301/TOP-002, and G-SOX trials). Patients without Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST)-based radiological assessments were excluded. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient was tested for correlation among overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and postprogression survival (PPS). OS, PFS, and PPS were compared between responders (best response: complete response or partial response) and nonresponders (best response: stable disease or progressive disease)., Results: The study included a total of 1492 patients. Eighty percent of the patients (n = 1190) received subsequent chemotherapies after the failure of each trial's treatment protocol. PFS moderately correlated with OS (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.66, p < 0.005), whereas the correlation between PPS and OS was strong (Spearman correlation coefficient = 0.87, p < 0.005). Responders had significantly longer OS (median, 17.7 vs. 9.1 months, p < 0.005), PFS (median, 6.9 vs. 2.8 months, p < 0.005), and PPS (median, 10.5 vs. 6.0 months, p < 0.005) than nonresponders., Conclusions: Our results reacknowledged the mild surrogacy of PFS and importance of postprogression treatments in patients with AGC receiving first-line chemotherapy. Consistent longer survival outcomes in better RECIST categories suggested that tumor response might be a useful individual-level surrogate., (© 2023 The Authors. Cancer Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)