1. Dose-dependent effects of transcranial photobiomodulation on brain temperature in patients with major depressive disorder: a spectroscopy study.
- Author
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Weerasekera A, Coelho DRA, Ratai EM, Collins KA, Puerto AMH, De Taboada L, Gersten MB, Clancy JA, Hoptman MJ, Irvin MK, Sparpana AM, Sullivan EF, Song X, Adib A, Cassano P, and Iosifescu DV
- Subjects
- Humans, Adult, Male, Female, Middle Aged, Body Temperature radiation effects, Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy methods, Young Adult, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy methods, Low-Level Light Therapy methods, Depressive Disorder, Major therapy, Brain radiation effects, Brain physiopathology, Brain diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the dose-dependent brain temperature effects of transcranial photobiomodulation (t-PBM). Thirty adult subjects with major depressive disorder were randomized to three t-PBM sessions with different doses (low: 50 mW/cm
2 , medium: 300 mW/cm2 , high: 850 mW/cm2 ) and a sham treatment. The low and medium doses were administered in continuous wave mode, while the high dose was administered in pulsed wave mode. A 3T MRI scanner was used to perform proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1 H-MRS). A voxel with a volume of 30 × 30 × 15 mm3 was placed on the left prefrontal region. Brain temperature (°C) was derived by analyzing1 H-MRS spectrum chemical shift differences between the water (~ 4.7 ppm) and N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) (~ 2.01 ppm) peaks. After quality control of the data, the following group numbers were available for both pre- and post-temperature estimations: sham (n = 10), low (n = 11), medium (n = 10), and high (n = 8). We did not detect significant temperature differences for any t-PBM-active or sham groups post-irradiation (p-value range = 0.105 and 0.781). We also tested for potential differences in the pre-post variability of brain temperature in each group. As for t-PBM active groups, the lowest fluctuation (variance) was observed for the medium dose (σ2 = 0.29), followed by the low dose (σ2 = 0.47), and the highest fluctuation was for the high dose (σ2 = 0.67). t-PBM sham condition showed the overall lowest fluctuation (σ2 = 0.11). Our1 H-MRS thermometry results showed no significant brain temperature elevations during t-PBM administration., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature.)- Published
- 2024
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