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Background/Aims: It was aimed to investigate the biochemical and histopathological effects of resveratrol and melatonin, via histone H4 and β-defensin 1, in diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four Sprague–Dawley male rats were categorized into 4 groups, with 6 rats in each group (control, diabetes mellitus, melatonin – diabetes mellitus, and resveratrol+diabetes mellitus). Diabetes was formed by giving streptozotocin to all groups except the control group. Melatonin, 5 mg/kg/day, was given to the melatonin – diabetes mellitus group, and resveratrol, 5 mg/kg/day, was given to the resveratrol+diabetes mellitus group via intraperitoneally for 3 weeks. Interleukin-1 beta, tumor necrosis factor alpha, histone H4, and β-defensin 1 levels were measured in the blood of all rats. The lung, liver, and kidney tissue of all rats were performed as histopathological examinations. Results: Whereas there was no difference between the other groups (P > .05), interleukin-1 beta levels of the diabetes mellitus group were found to be significantly higher compared with the control group (5.02 ± 2.15 vs. 2.38 ± 0.72 ng/mL; P < .05). Whereas histone H4 levels of the diabetes mellitus group were higher compared with the control and resveratrol+diabetes mellitus groups (7.53 ± 3.30 vs. 2.97 ± 1.57 and 3.06 ± 1.57 ng/mL; P < .05), the β-defensin 1 levels of the diabetes mellitus group were lower compared with control and resveratrol+diabetes mellitus groups (7.6 ± 2.8 vs. 21.6 ± 5.5 and 18.8 ± 7.4 ng/mL; P < .05). β-Defensin 1 levels were moderately inversely correlated with interleukin-1 beta and histone H4 levels (rs > −0.50, P < .01). Histopathological changes found in favor of target cell damage in the diabetes mellitus group were not observed in resveratrol+diabetes mellitus group. Conclusion: Resveratrol may be used as a biotherapeutic agent, which significantly reduces diabetes-induced histone H4 and interleukin-1 beta-mediated liver and other target organ damage

Background Gas expansion in body cavities due to pressure changes at high altitudes can cause barodontalgia. This condition may compromise flight safety. Aim To investigate relationships among barodontalgia awareness, dental visit frequency, and barodontalgia prevalence in civilian and military pilots operating at high altitudes. Materials and Methods Civilian pilots from Turkish Airlines and military pilots from the Turkish Air Force, flying between November 2022 and January 2023, participated in this study. A 20-question survey was administered to 750 pilots, covering topics such as barodontalgia awareness, dental visit frequency, breaks after dental treatments, in-flight pain, and pain type and severity. The voluntary surveys were distributed by email. Results Of the 750 pilots, 526 completed the survey; 61% were aware of barodontalgia, and 81% of pilots who had experienced it reported pain at altitudes