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Extended Abstract Background: The production of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.) as one of the vital industrial plants is affected by the environment, genotype, and their interaction. Therefore, the environment × genotype interaction on peanut yield should be evaluated before the introduction of cultivars. Evaluation of the genotype × environment interaction provides valuable information regarding the performance of plant cultivars in different environments. It plays a crucial role in evaluating the stability of the performance of breeding materials. This experiment evaluated the stability and yield of superior peanut genotypes in three regions of Guilan province, Iran, in the 2018 and 2019 crop years. Methods: In this study, the top 10 peanut genotypes (130, 140, 113, 115, 128, 176, 178, 192, 201, and 208 from ICRISAT) along with the NC2 variety as a control were assessed in a complete randomized block design trial with three replications across three regions Rasht, Masal, and Talash. Each plot comprised six lines, each with 5 m long, 50 cm row spacing, and 20 cm plant spacing. Upon reaching physiological ripeness, a 5-m2 area was harvested from the middle four rows of each plot after removing 0.5 m from both ends to eliminate marginal effects. The plant height (cm), average number of sub-branches per plant, number of pods per plant, and number of seeds per pod were randomly recorded and counted from 10 plants. After drying, biomass, pod, and seed yields were calculated in kg/ha. Following seed separation from the shell, five random samples of 100 seeds were taken from each plot to measure the 100 seed weight (HSW). Additionally, the length and width of peanut pods and seeds were recorded (in mm) using a digital caliper. To determine seed oil percentage, 150 g of peanut seeds were randomly selected from each plot, and their oil percentage was measured using the Soxhlet method after grinding the samples. Composite variance analysis was conducted after ensuring the uniformity of experimental error, and the mean traits were compared using the least significant difference (LSD) method. The stability of peanut genotypes was assessed using the GGE bi-plot analysis. Results: The variance analysis revealed that the interaction of location × genotype significantly affected the peanut plant's height, sub-branches, and pod diameter at a one percent probability level. Additionally, the year × location × genotype interaction significantly affected other traits such as pods per plant, seeds per pod, HSW, pod yield, seed yield, seed oil percentage, oil yield, shell yield, pod length, and peanut seed length and width at the 1% probability level. Notably, genotype 208 in the Rasht region exhibited the tallest average plant height (103.5 cm), which was not significantly different from line 201. Furthermore, the highest number of peanut pods (31.72 pieces) was observed for genotype 128 in the Rasht region in the first crop year, showing no significant difference with line 128 in the first and second crop years. Significant differences were also noted in the number of seeds per pod across different genotypes and regions. For instance, the second crop year in the Rasht region and genotype 113 yielded the highest peanut HSW (71.45 g), which was not significantly different from some lines in the two crop years in the Masal and Rasht regions. Furthermore, the pod yield of genotype 192 in the first crop year was superior in Rasht (5583 kg/ha), Masal (5233 kg/ha), and Talash (4166 kg/ha) regions compared to the other genotypes. Genotype 192 exhibited the highest seed yield (3777 kg/ha) in the first crop year in Rasht, representing a 133% increase compared to the control (NC2). These results underscore the significant influence of climatic conditions on peanut seed yield and the genetic potential variations among different genotypes in diverse regions. Additionally, genotype 192 in the first cropping year and Rasht region attained the highest peanut oil yield (1841 kg/ha), aligning with findings from other researchers regarding varying oil yields among different peanut lines. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, all traits measured in peanuts were impacted by the interaction of genotype and environment. Line 192 displayed significantly superior quantitative and qualitative performance of peanut seeds to the NC2 variety, known as the Goli native variety, and the other studied lines. The increase in the number of pods per plant, seeds per pod, and the peanut HSW were important agronomic indicators in improving the performance of line 192 in the Guilan region. The results indicated that the interaction effect of genotype and environment led to changes in the yield components, resulting in changes in the yield of peanut seeds and pods per unit area, with the oil yield increasing in parallel with the grain yield. Using the GGE bi-plot method to evaluate performance stability, peanut line 192 was identified as a high-yielding line with high performance and stability in all environments. Therefore, groundnut genotype 192 is recommended for achieving the highest seed yield in the region's climatic conditions.

Abstract The study aimed to determine the accuracy of diagnosing periodontal conditions using the developed web-based PocketPerio application and evaluate the user’s perspective on the use of PocketPerio. First, 22 third-year dental students (DS3) diagnosed ten cases without PocketPerio (control) and with PocketPerio (test) during a mock examination. Then, 105 DS3, 13 fourth-year dental students (DS4), and 32 senior second-year International Standing Program students (ISP2) used PocketPerio chairside. Statistical analysis was performed using a non-parametric paired two-tailed test of significance with the Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test. The null hypothesis that PocketPerio did not increase the accuracy of periodontal diagnoses was rejected at α

Abstract The Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) exhibits geographic variability and phylogenetic intraspecific relationships. Previous morphological studies have suggested the existence of multiple lynx subspecies, but recent genetic research has questioned this classification, particularly in Central Asia. In this study, we aimed to analyse the geographic and genetic variation in Central Asian lynx populations, particularly the Turkestan lynx and Altai lynx populations, using morphometric data and mtDNA sequences to contribute to their taxonomic classification. The comparative analysis of morphometric data revealed limited clinal variability between lynx samples from the Altai and Tien Shan regions. By examining mtDNA fragments (control region and cytochrome b) obtained from Kazakhstani lynx populations, two subspecies were identified: L. l. isabellinus (represented by a unique haplotype of the South clade, H46) and L. l. wrangeli (represented by haplotypes H36, H45, and H47 of the East clade). L. l. isabellinus was recognized only in Tien Shan Mountain, while Altai lynx was likely identical to L. l. wrangeli and found in northern Kazakhstan, Altai Mountain, Saur and Tarbagatai Mountains, and Tien Shan Mountain. The morphological and mtDNA evidence presented in this study, although limited in sample size and number of genetic markers, renders the differentiation of the two subspecies challenging. Further sampling and compilation of whole-genome sequencing data are necessary to confirm whether the proposed subspecies warrant taxonomic standing.

ObjectivesFentanyl is a highly potent opioid and has, until recently, been considered an unwanted contaminant in the street drug supply among people who use drugs (PWUD). However, it has become a drug of choice for an increasing number of individuals. This systematic review evaluated intentional non-medical fentanyl use among PWUD, specifically by summarizing demographic variance, reasons for use, and resulting patterns of use.MethodsThe search strategy was developed with a combination of free text keywords and MeSH and non-MeSH keywords, and adapted with database-specific filters to Ovid MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and PsychINFO. Studies included were human studies with intentional use of non-medical fentanyl or analogues in individuals older than 13. Only peer-reviewed original articles available in English were included.ResultsThe search resulted in 4437 studies after de-duplication, of which 132 were selected for full-text review. Out of 41 papers included, it was found that individuals who use fentanyl intentionally were more likely to be young, male, and White. They were also more likely to have experienced overdoses, and report injection drug use. There is evidence that fentanyl seeking behaviours are motivated by greater potency, delay of withdrawal, lower cost, and greater availability.ConclusionsAmong PWUD, individuals who intentionally use fentanyl have severe substance use patterns, precarious living situations, and extensive overdose history. In response to the increasing number of individuals who use fentanyl, alternative treatment approaches need to be developed for more effective management of withdrawal and opioid use disorder.Systematic review registrationhttps://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42021272111.

IntroductionAdvances in the field of genetic testing have spurred its use in transplantation. Potential benefits of genetic testing in transplant nephrology include diagnosis, treatment, risk stratification of recurrent disease, and risk stratification in potential donors. However, it is unclear how to best apply genetic testing in this population to maximize its yield. We describe our transplant center's approach to selective genetic testing as part of kidney transplant candidate and donor evaluation.MethodsTransplant recipient candidates were tested if they had a history of ESRD at age

The article discusses the current overdose crisis, which is a significant public health challenge in the field of mental health and substance use disorder care. The increase in mortality is primarily due to changing drug markets and patterns of substance use, as well as an ill-prepared system of care. Fentanyl has become the dominant drug of choice among many people who use drugs, and the rise in overdose deaths in North America has been dramatic. The article explores the concept of "safe supply," which involves providing high-potent psychotropic substances outside of a therapeutic context to reduce overdose risk. However, there is a lack of large-scale effectiveness studies on safe supply, and caution is expressed by experts regarding the potential risks and lack of evidence for its benefits. The article emphasizes the importance of integrating pharmacotherapy and psychosocial care, as well as learning from successful approaches in other countries such as Portugal and Switzerland. It also highlights the lessons that can be learned from the COVID-19 pandemic, emphasizing the importance of evidence-based approaches in addressing public health crises. Overall, the article calls for a comprehensive and evidence-based strategy to address the overdose crisis, taking into account the complexities and diverse needs of individuals with substance use disorders. [Extracted from the article]

Introduction Methods Results Discussion Conclusion This review aims to synthesise the literature on the efficacy, evolution, and challenges of implementing Clincian Decision Support Systems (CDSS) in the realm of mental health, addiction, and concurrent disorders.Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review and meta‐analysis were performed. Searches conducted in databases such as MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Web of Science through 25 May 2023, yielded 27,344 records. After necessary exclusions, 69 records were allocated for detailed synthesis. In the examination of patient outcomes with a focus on metrics such as therapeutic efficacy, patient satisfaction, and treatment acceptance, meta‐analytic techniques were employed to synthesise data from randomised controlled trials.A total of 69 studies were included, revealing a shift from knowledge‐based models pre‐2017 to a rise in data‐driven models post‐2017. The majority of models were found to be in Stage 2 or 4 of maturity. The meta‐analysis showed an effect size of −0.11 for addiction‐related outcomes and a stronger effect size of −0.50 for patient satisfaction and acceptance of CDSS.The results indicate a shift from knowledge‐based to data‐driven CDSS approaches, aligned with advances in machine learning and big data. Although the immediate impact on addiction outcomes is modest, higher patient satisfaction suggests promise for wider CDSS use. Identified challenges include alert fatigue and opaque AI models.CDSS shows promise in mental health and addiction treatment but requires a nuanced approach for effective and ethical implementation. The results emphasise the need for continued research to ensure optimised and equitable use in healthcare settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]