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Argentina stands as the leading producer and exporter of olive products in the Americas, with the province of La Rioja as its main productive area. Since the 1990s, the olive grove cultivated area and related agro-industry in La Rioja have expanded. However, the resulting wastewater has generally been neglected. The water footprint (WF) provides information about the water volume consumed and polluted by a production process. Since the 1990s, agricultural and agro-industrial activities in La Rioja have experienced substantial growth. This study aims to analyze the generation, quality, and management of Oil Mill Wastewater (OMWW) using the grey WF of chloride and nitrate as an indicator and focusing on two olive mills (OM) in La Rioja. Additionally, it seeks to examine the relationship between the international trade of provincial olive oil and the estimated grey WF. For the diagnosis of OMWW generation, a description of the production process was made coupled with flow and physico-chemical characterization. The total grey WF was 8.69 and 45.5 L water/L olive oil for OM 1 and OM 2, respectively. Nitrate was identified as the critical pollutant. The grey virtual water export related to the export of olive oil was 5569 m3 for OM 1 and 28,000 m3 for OM 2. The provincial grey virtual water export related to olive oil was 161,955 m3 with major trade destinations including Spain, the United States, and Brazil. The article analyses for the first time the grey WF of olive oil industries and assess the related grey virtual water exports. This research represents a step forward in the knowledge of wastewater management in the olive oil sector and facilitates the search for solutions to minimize negative environmental impacts while promoting cleaner production.

Teratoma, due to its remarkable ability to differentiate into multiple cell lineages, is a valuable model for studying human embryonic development. The similarity of the gene expression and chromatin accessibility patterns in these cells to those observed in vivo further underscores its potential as a research tool. Notably, teratomas derived from human naïve (pre-implantation epiblast-like) pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) have larger embryonic cell diversity and contain extraembryonic lineages, making them more suitable to study developmental processes. However, the cell type-specific epigenetic profiles of naïve PSC teratomas have not been yet characterized. Using single-cell assay for transposase-accessible chromatin sequencing (scATAC-seq), we analyzed 66,384 cell profiles from five teratomas derived from human naïve PSCs and their post-implantation epiblast-like (primed) counterparts. We observed 17 distinct cell types from both embryonic and extraembryonic lineages, resembling the corresponding cell types in human fetal tissues. Additionally, we identified key transcription factors specific to different cell types. Our dataset provides a resource for investigating gene regulatory programs in a relevant model of human embryonic development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydraulic experiments using a wave flume with a wind tunnel at a scale of 1/40 were carried out to investigate the effect of wind on wave overtopping of a vertical seawall. To ascertain the possible effects of wave breaking, incident waves with various wave steepness (0.0102 to 0.0371) and three kinds of wind forcing (0 m/s, 6.84 m/s, 10.04 m/s) were used. The authors found that winds significantly increased the overtopping rate in general, and that there is a clear relationship between the overtopping rate and the wave steepness. Velocity fields obtained from PIV analysis revealed that the onshore winds directly enhanced the transport of overtopping water mass. The influence of the wind on the wave hydrodynamic processes that indirectly have an effect on the overtopping rate (such as the formation of a partially standing wave, breaker location, and breaker type) is also discussed. The perspective of treating wave overtopping as a transport of water mass could provide a novel understanding of complex fluid behavior, which would help to formulate countermeasures against future disasters influenced by intensive wind forcing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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