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The thin-lipped grey mullet, Liza ramada, a commercially significant fish in Egypt, was studied for its expression patterns along the brain-pituitarygonad axis in female L. ramada during the spawning season of 2022 in both captive and wild habitats. The inspected genes included Kiss2, Gpr54, Gnrh1, and Drd2 genes in the brain and ovary, as well as Lhβ, Fshβ, and Slα genes in the pituitary and ovary. Relative expressions of all studied genes either in the brain, or pituitary, and ovary were higher in ripe females than in immature ones. Captive females had higher Drd2 gene expressions; nevertheless, mature wild females had higher expression values for the other investigated genes that were measured in the brain, or pituitary and ovary. The study found correlations between gene expression patterns in wild and captive females (P< 0.05), suggesting that confinement may affect reproductive physiology. The findings suggest focusing on hormones for artificial fertilization therapies in confined females. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current research work provided insights into the expression patterns of key genes in the BPG axis of Mugil cephalus females, highlighting differences between wild and captive environments during the spawning season. The investigated genes include Kiss2, Gpr54, Gnrh1, and Drd2 in the brain and ovary, as well as Lhβ, Fshβ, and Slα in the pituitary and ovary. The finding indicated that the relative expression of all examined genes is elevated in mature females compared to immature ones across all examined tissues (brain, pituitary, and ovary). The observation that the expressions of the examined genes in wild females of M. cephalus are highly correlated, either directly or inversely, with their counterparts in captive females, indicated a connection between gene expression patterns and the different environments (wild vs. captive). The results between wild and captive females were in significant values (P≤ 0.05). Overall, the observed correlations and significant differences in gene expression proposed potential impacts of captivity on the reproductive physiology of these fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]