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This first attempt aims to determine the extent of students' covert use of machine translation (MT) in the online assessment of their sight translation, the strategies of such use, and its signs. The study is based on the analysis of target texts (TT) of specialised online sight translation from Ukrainian into English by 13 BA and 10 MA students. The procedure involved the comparison of the students' TTs with their MT counterparts. Signs of covert MT were found in 46% of the BA and 30% of the MA students' translations. The main method of this covert MT use is "simultaneous post-editing", i.e., the immediate oral post-editing of the MT text generated by the students on their screens and hidden from the assessor, while they deliver their supposedly original TTs. Simultaneous post-editing strategies range from replacing individual lexemes with their synonyms, adding and deleting elements, changing the syntactic functions of words or phrases, rearranging sentence fragments, transforming their structure, to applying several of these strategies simultaneously. Other methods of concealment include alternating MT systems in translating the same source text, as well as artificially slowing down the process of reading the TT from the screen, accompanied by pauses in the relevant text fragments to perform certain mental operations. In order to increase objectivity, the author recommends a delayed assessment of students' online interpreting recordings. The research perspective is to study the didactic potential of simultaneous post-editing as a procedure for developing general interpreting skills.

The proliferation of artificial intelligence (AI) has impacted scholarly publishing. This study explores the use of AI tools by Arab researchers who publish in English. A survey was conducted to gather information on AI tool adoption in research conception, writing, editing, and publishing. It collected responses from 84 participants, who provided insights into their usage patterns, challenges encountered, and ethical considerations when using AI. The findings reveal diverse adoption rates of AI tools, with high usage for language correctness and content enhancement such as grammar and spelling checking. The ethical implications of AI tool usage, including the need to ensure data quality, prevent plagiarism, and maintain ethical standards, were emphasized by respondents. Tools such as Grammarly, Endnote, and QuillBot were recognized for their utility in addressing common challenges. However, certain research-related tasks, notably research design, exhibited lower AI tool integration. The study underscores the gap between awareness and adoption of AI tools, indicating potential barriers to their utilization. Challenges such as cost, integration issues, and concerns about the accuracy and appropriateness of AI-generated content were identified. These findings offer insights for researchers, institutions, and publishers to enhance editorial processes, promote ethical AI tool usage, and bridge the gap between awareness and adoption.

Studying towards a postgraduate qualification is viewed as a booster that may usher employees towards management positions. We have found common mistakes in research proposals for master's degree students in a department at the University of Namibia. Our presentation shows the shortcomings in the research proposals of postgraduate students and proposes interventions to address the challenges. We collected qualitative data through the observations of nine (9) Master of Education research proposals, which were conveniently selected. Our analysis showed shortcomings in research proposals submitted to the Department of Education at the University of Namibia. Moreover, there is a need for the introduction of a writing unit at the university to supply writing services such as academic writing, proof reading and editing. We recommend that regular practical training is offered on effective academic writing to postgraduate students. We also show the need for postgraduate students to be oriented towards the plagiarism policy and referencing style of the university. This calls for the re-thinking of ways that enable effective postgraduate student supervision, which may address the quality of student research output.

What are the key challenges facing the field of gifted education? In this qualitative study, we posed this question to some of the field's eminent leaders and scholars. Overwhelmingly, our respondents mentioned problems of diversity, equity, inclusion, and accessibility (DEIA). Respondents also discussed problems concerning identification, the limited use of research-based practices, and insufficient support from outside the field; they also touched upon larger theoretical issues like the lack of clarity surrounding our conceptions of giftedness and the purposes of gifted education. In this article, we trace a brief history of the problems and paradigms of our field, share our study's results, some theoretical and practical connections among the most pressing issues, and implications for moving our field forward.

Given Wikipedia's breadth of coverage, social impact, and longevity as an impactful open knowledge resource, the encyclopedia has been the subject of considerable interdisciplinary research. Building on scholarship related to collaboration, authorship, ownership, and editing in Wikipedia, this study sought to better understand Wikipedians as writers, paying specific attention to their sense of ownership. While previous research has shown that editors engage in individualist editing practices at times, often ignoring community-mediated policy regarding ownership, findings from a mixed-method survey of 117 editors demonstrate the existence of both "individual" and "community" notions of ownership that often reinforce, or mutually inform, each other. This study adds clarity to these issues by demonstrating how feelings of individual ownership, voice, and pride in writing often occur in collaborative circumstances. This research ultimately extends our understanding of collaborative writing in what is one of the most well-known collaborative websites. Despite contemporary theoretical strides advocating for relinquishing ownership concepts in favor of distributed or ecological frameworks, the concept of ownership remains prevalent within digital writing communities, exemplified by Wikipedia.

In this research-to-resource article, I introduce possible uses of ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence chatbot developed by OpenAI, for music education research settings. I discuss the impacts of artificial intelligence on education environments and highlight uses of ChatGPT as a tool, including the role of ChatGPT in information gathering, literature review assistance, research design conceptualization, statistical analysis support, research proposal review, and research publication support. I emphasize the importance of human expertise in filling knowledge gaps, detecting incomplete information, and using creative and critical thinking. While acknowledging concerns regarding ethics and plagiarism, I realize the unique qualities of human researchers and the need for purposeful mentoring and training on using artificial intelligence tools for appropriate tasks.

Recent reviews of behavior analytic journals suggest that participant demographics are inadequately described. These reviews have been limited to brief periods across several journals, emphasized specific variables (e.g., socioeconomic status), or only included specific populations. The current scoping review included all published articles in "The Analysis of Verbal Behavior" from 1982-2020. Six demographic variables were coded for 1888 participants across 226 articles. Despite small sample sizes (i.e., fewer than six participants in 62.3% of studies), only age (85.4%) and gender identity (71.6%) were reported for the majority of participants. Socioeconomic status, race/ethnicity, and primary language were reported for fewer than 20% of participants. Over time, the number of demographic variables reported showed a slight increasing trend, although considerable variability was observed across years. These findings suggest that editors and reviewers must consider what constitutes acceptable participant characterization. Researchers might also be emboldened to extend their work to populations currently underrepresented in the journal.

The Packaging Mockup Project directs students to (1) learn the basic tools in the Adobe Photoshop application, (2) research and create a new brand concept for different product categories, and (3) design an original packaging mockup of their own brand concept. This project is designed to allow students to apply what they learn about branding as well as to gain basic proficiency in Photoshop, a software that has become an increasingly common desired attribute in graduate candidates for marketing jobs. This experiential project gives students practical experience in creating branded packaging mockup with the Photoshop application while teaching them the role of brand elements for specific product types and how to create a brand concept for a specific target market.

This investigation underscores the significant impact of PE strategy selection on both the cognitive and operational aspects of translation. Highlighting the critical role of PE skills development in translator education, the study proposes several avenues for further research, including broadening participant demographics, integrating diverse and mixed-methods approaches, keeping pace with technological advancements, and engaging in longitudinal studies. These insights offer valuable directions for refining PE methodologies, enhancing translator training programs, and ultimately, elevating the quality of translations.

This article critically reflects on the implementation of participatory video (PV) to explore the perspectives of 14 refugee participants regarding their place-making strategies in the Netherlands. The insights here derive from the experience of co-designing and implementing the "Digital Place-makers" program: a filmmaking course that relies on basic editing training and story-telling. PV has been strongly criticized for its attendance to researchers' output requirements during the production process. We address this issue by focusing on our role as facilitators in acquiring editing skills and capacities that allow participants to produce their films as autonomously as possible. In doing so, we found that engaging in editing techniques during PV had multiple benefits for the refugees, such as enabling a pathway for regaining confidence and highlighting social injustice in their communities. We also argue that knowledge co-production in refugee research must question labels of vulnerability that prevent participants from enjoying authorship of their productions.

The relevance of translation and law degrees as pathways to professional legal translation is the subject of persistent debate, but there is limited research on the relationship between legal translators' backgrounds and competence levels in practice. This study compares the revision performance of several groups of institutional translators (44 in total) according to their academic backgrounds (legal translation specialisation, translation degrees with no legal specialisation, law degrees or other degrees) and legal translation experience (more or less than three years). The scores of justified, missing and over-corrections, among other indicators, corroborate the crucial impact of legal translation specialisation and subject-matter knowledge in ensuring legal translation quality, while experience can serve to partially fill certain training deficits. Qualified translators with a legal specialisation stood out as the most efficient revisers, followed by law graduates, translation graduates without a legal specialisation and other translators. A subsequent holistic assessment of the revised target text yielded results globally in line with the revision scores, as well as mixed perceptions of the target text as potential machine output. The findings support the added value of legal translator training, and are of relevance for translator recruitment and workflow management. They also challenge the rationale behind ISO 20771:2020 qualification requirements.

Legal translators are routinely faced with defective source texts in their professional practice while being expected to produce effective translations despite such quality issues. Given the high-quality expectations required in legal translation, we have brought this professional reality into the classroom by outlining a quality control activity to allow legal translation trainees to systematise how they deal with defective Spanish administrative source texts. The proposal includes two steps: a translatability assessment and a pre-editing stage of defective administrative source texts. After empirically testing our proposal in the classroom, our initial findings suggest that this approach not only assists trainees to factor in poor source text quality when translating, but also to produce better translations.

In the past couple of decades, machine translation (MT), whether phrase-based statistical or neural MT, has made considerable progress and has become increasingly common in specialised translation workflows. More studies on MT in legal contexts have been conducted in the past several years, and MT has been and continues to be used in international and supranational institutions that rely on legal translation and whose voluminous collections of translated text have been used to train contemporary systems. The time is ripe for a synthesis of developments in the area that may reinforce our understanding of what we might expect from MT from the perspective of legal translators. This systematic review of legal translation and MT studies teases out potential strengths/weaknesses of MT and opportunities/threats of using it from a legal translator perspective, focusing on lexical and morphosyntactic challenges that may set legal translation apart from other specialised translation areas. A SWOT analysis from this perspective may offer value as a pedagogical framework for fostering domain-specific MT literacy in the legal translation classroom. Students will develop an understanding of what might reasonably be expected from MT in legal translation contexts, while reinforcing their understanding of legal translation challenges.

This study combines product- and process-oriented research methods and tools to observe whether and how the presence of pre-translated text affects translation quality and influences the translator's research patterns. It is part of the LeMaTTT project, a simulated longitudinal empirical study exploring the impact of MT on info-mining and thematic competences in legal translation. Data were elicited through a translation task completed by a cohort of 110 final-year MA trainees with training in legal translation and basic MT literacy, and a cohort of 54 first-year MA trainees with no to very limited experience in specialised translation and post-editing. This paper provides a first analysis of selected process-related data concerning the allocation of time and the use of external resources throughout the translation or post-editing processes of 40 participants, 20 from each cohort. Preliminary results highlight some correlations between the use of time and external resources and both (a) the development of thematic and info-mining competences and (b) the specific type of task, i.e. whether from-scratch translation or post-editing.

This paper reports on a pilot study with advanced EFL learners in Germany who were asked to use ProWritingAid (PWA) for a composition task in a German comprehensive school. PWA is an Automated Writing Evaluation (AWE) tool that provides writers with feedback on grammar, spelling mistakes, and writing style during the writing and editing process. Students' engagement with PWA's suggestions is documented with the help of screen capture software and a change tracker sheet. A coding grid, based on the three dimensions of learner engagement with AWE feedback, is developed in the process of analysing the data. Results indicate that there is cognitive engagement with AWE feedback even when learners reject suggestions for correction. It will be discussed whether episodes of cognitive engagement with AWE can be conceptualised as engagement with language according to Svalberg.

This longitudinal study serves as a model for examining and understanding the role of editing and its contributing factors in writing center tutorials. The study quantifies the frequency of and time devoted to editing in over 4,000 writing center tutorials and finds these quantities differ in statistically significant ways when broken down by user groups (gender, student standing, course level, and primary language); tutoring modes (face-to-face, synchronous-online, and asynchronous); and time of student visit relative to project due date. Analysis identifies contributing factors that influence frequency of and time spent on editing in tutorials by these groups, including group membership and their associated editing practices and tutorial habits. The study's findings fill an important gap in our understanding of what takes place in writing center tutorials and have significant implications for tutor training and marketing of writing center services.

This study contributes to knowledge about peer review by identifying how different components motivate self-regulating learners' adaptations in later writing. The study followed the changes to writing approach that first-year undergraduates deployed before, during and after peer review workshops. The workshops consisted of: holistically reviewing and discussing examples, developing criteria, writing a practice essay, reviewing three peer essays and receiving peer comments. Case study analysis drew on self-regulated learning theory and triangulated self-report with textual and/or think-aloud evidence. Eight of the ten case writers made adaptations to their writing which could be traced back to workshop learning. Analysing examples sparked students' initial adaptations to their writing approach in the workshop essay. They then refined, adjusted and added new adaptations in the post-workshops essay. Students made varied use of peer comments, which were not often new information as students had already reflected on writing. Only two writers demonstrated direct uptake of peer feedback information, implementing suggestions in their post-workshop essay. Yet comments also verified the success of strategies, boosted self-efficacy and confirmed priorities for next steps. Behind some apparent non-uses there were interim steps for development. The study contributes to understanding of what it means to use peer feedback.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the professional identity, post-degree experience, and journal article publication counts of 798 editorial board members who served on 22 counseling journals. Implications of these findings for counselor education and editorial board membership are discussed.

About half of Library and Information Science (LIS) journals continue to charge authors to publish articles open access (OA) or do not offer OA publishing at all. To further investigate the financial and other perceived barriers preventing these LIS journals from transitioning to no-publishing fee OA models, this exploratory project surveyed lead editors for each identified LIS journal. Results indicate most of the journals have not discussed transitioning to a no-publishing fee OA model, and that finances are the main barrier. Most also indicated a lack of awareness of their journal's budget. The most popular no-publishing fee OA model was Subscribe to Open.

Library publishers have an important role in building an equitable and open scholarly publishing ecosystem. As library publishers' services mature, it is critical to understand how noncommercial journals operate and organize their daily activities to ensure the journals' success, longevity, and sustainability. To inform these efforts, the authors interviewed managing editors/editors-in-chief of fifteen Canadian, noncommercial journals on their organizational structures and relationships with external organizations (e.g., associations, libraries, etc.). The authors found that the journals operated collaboratively, often relied on a core team to handle their main activities, and varied in how they harnessed external relationships.

While peer-editing is considered an important part of developing students' academic writing, questions remain about how different types of peer-editing affect subsequent student performance. The present study looked at a group of university students (N = 149) engaged in peer editing of one another's essays in an online security studies course. The analysis was conducted from two perspectives: feedback givers and feedback receivers. More specifically, the relationships between the giving of comments and tracking changes in peer's work and writing score on essays were explored. The results showed that there was a positive correlation between the total number of received comments and the student's writing score, whereas there was no correlation for the number of tracked changes (neither words deleted, nor words added). Surprisingly, students who assume that peers provide high quality tracked changes demonstrate worse writing performance. This research shows the importance of nuance in understanding peer editing types and their influence on students' performance, as well as highlighting potential complexities of the interplay between students' collaborative activities, their performance, and their attitudes.

In recent years, machine translation post-editing (MTPE or PE for short) has been steadily gaining ground in the language industry. However, studies that examine translators' perceptions of, and attitudes towards, MTPE paint a somewhat negative picture, with PE pricing methods and rates being a major source of dissatisfaction. While the European Master's in Translation Competence Framework stresses the importance of preparing translation graduates for market challenges, to date there have been no concrete suggestions for practical activities designed to introduce MTPE-pricing-related topics into the translation classroom. The present article aims to address this gap by describing a teaching unit developed for master's students. The activity includes comparing three MTPE pricing methods commonly used in the industry: word-based, time-based and effort-based rates. Using authentic performance data from individual PE tasks carried out in MateCat, students were able to discover the different levels of remuneration they would receive for the same task, depending on the pricing method applied. The results, which show wide variation across both methods and students, proved useful in raising students' awareness of the thorny issue of setting PE rates and sparking reflection on the financial implications of accepting PE assignments.

ChatGPT is a newly emerging artificial intelligence (AI) tool that can generate and assess written text. In this study, we aim to examine the extent to which it can correctly identify the structure of literature review sections in engineering research articles. For this purpose, we conducted a manual content analysis by classifying paragraphs of literature review sections into their corresponding categories that are based on Kwan's model, which is a labeling scheme for structuring literature reviews. We then asked ChatGPT to perform the same categorization and compared both outcomes. Numerical results do not imply a satisfactory performance of ChatGPT; therefore, writers cannot fully depend on it to edit their literature reviews. However, the AI chatbot displays an understanding of the given prompt and is able to respond beyond the classification task by giving supportive and useful explanations for the users. Such findings can be especially helpful for beginners who usually struggle to write comprehensive literature review sections since they highlight how users can benefit from this AI chatbot to revise their drafts at the level of content and organization. With further investigations and advancement, AI chatbots can also be used for teaching proper literature review writing and editing.

Films are composed of different sequentially ordered shots limited by cuts, which bound the last frame of the outcoming shot and the first frame of the incoming shot. In turn, film editing is known to impact its aesthetics, and has been widely studied in film theory. The objective of this research was to locate and identify neuronal response patterns that make it possible to differentiate between specific types of shot changes by cut. The analysis was conducted on the neuronal rhythms of the electroencephalogram (EEG) by means of an EEG power spectral analysis. This enabled us to identify changes in neuronal excitation and inhibition based on the type of shot changes by cut. Specifically, we compared the neuronal records to locate the time windows for each electrode and frequency range exhibiting differences for various types of shot changes by cut. We combined this method with the permutation test and Spearman correlation to determine when the time windows for each electrode by frequency band are reacting to the cut event in a correlated manner among the different films. This analysis revealed that the neuronal responses to the cut depend on the variation between shots, rather than solely on the new input. Secondly, the findings allowed us to differentiate between shot changes according to the variation of the shot scale and changes due to the filming angle, or the absence thereof (i.e., cut on axis). The results expand our understanding of viewers' neurological sensitivity to and comprehension of an important film feature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rabbits have played a significant role in both livestock production and the advancement of reproductive scientific research. Their unique biological traits, including induced ovulation and a reproductive process that closely mirrors that of humans, have been pivotal in their use as a model. Moreover, their body size is perfectly aligned with the 3Rs principles: Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement. Consequently, techniques for gamete collection and embryo recovery, followed by their use in artificial insemination or embryo transfer, are characterized by being minimally invasive. However, refining in vitro fertilization and embryo culture techniques continues to present challenges. The incorporation of cutting‐edge genomic editing tools, such as CRISPR/Cas9, has reestablished rabbits as essential models in genetic and biomedical research, driving scientific progress. This review aims to describe the most effective reproductive biotechnologies for both male and female rabbits and how these methodologies are in line with the 3Rs principles—Replacement, Reduction, and Refinement—highlighting their significance in conducting ethical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Image editing is a laborious process that demands considerable effort to achieve visually appealing outcomes. To address this problem, we propose a novel method depth-based adaptable image layer prediction network for multi-object semantic segmentation, localization, and estimation of the relative depths for image layer prediction. The individual objects in an image are available to be extracted and edited without impacting the background or other objects. Our approach depth semantic prediction network utilizes a fusion module to bidirectionally optimize depth estimation as well as semantic segmentation. In addition, refinement network is designed to refine coarse results into fine segmentation. Experimental results demonstrate the salient progress our method has achieved, and that it can preserve spatial hierarchical relationships and avoid category constraints as well. To the best of our knowledge, this paper introduces a novel approach to image layer prediction, which is more adaptive than the editing method focusing on foreground and background extraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We asked 15 editors about their perceptions of five sentences using singular they in different contexts and about the style guides that inform their work. Editors appreciated the inclusivity of indefinite and definite singular they and recognized APA for its leading-edge stance. Our findings indicate the need for editors to develop a heuristic for determining when to deviate from style guide advice and to develop their own system for mitigating ambiguity in relation to they. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Die Unternehmensbesteuerung (Ubg) is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There are different types of punctuation marks that are referred to as dashes. These include the short dash or hyphen (-), the en dash (–) and the em dash (—). Each of these marks has a purpose, some of which I have discussed previously. In this editor's corner I am going to try to convince you of the importance of the short dash/hyphen. This is important stuff, so please bear with me. As an editor, and in the interests of scientific accuracy, I am trying to/having to correct errors involving the short dash all of the time. But I will not always be here, and I do not have a chance to edit your papers submitted to other journals (although why you would submit to another journal is an entire topic in and of itself), so it behooves you to pay attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Citing continuous improvements in artificial intelligence (AI) and growing endorsements for its use during every phase of the writing process, the author suggests practical techniques for using AI in writing at work for creative planning, productive drafting, and improved revising, editing, and proofreading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A tool for precise, target-specific, efficient, and affordable genome editing is a dream for many researchers, from those who conduct basic research to those who use it for applied research. Since 2012, we have tool that almost fulfils such requirements; it is based on clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein (Cas) systems. However, even CRISPR/Cas has limitations and obstacles that might surprise its users. In this review, we focus on the most frequently used variant, CRISPR/Cas9 from Streptococcus pyogenes , and highlight key factors affecting its mutagenesis outcomes: (i) factors affecting the CRISPR/Cas9 activity, such as the effect of the target sequence, chromatin state, or Cas9 variant, and how long it remains in place after cleavage; and (ii) factors affecting the follow-up DNA repair mechanisms including mostly the cell type and cell cycle phase, but also, for example, the type of DNA ends produced by Cas9 cleavage (blunt/staggered). Moreover, we note some differences between using CRISPR/Cas9 in plants, yeasts, and animals, as knowledge from individual kingdoms is not fully transferable. Awareness of these factors can increase the likelihood of achieving the expected results of plant genome editing, for which we provide detailed guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As generative models become more advanced and essential, interest in using these models for image editing is growing. Nevertheless, conventional image editing methods still have many problems and can alter the intrinsic properties (e.g. geometry) of an object during the editing process. In this article, a novel geometry‐preserved image editing method is presented, where key points, keyframe, or canny edges are utilized as inputs for geometric constraints. A text prompt is fed into the inversion pipeline along with the input image and key points/keyframes/canny for editing. Then, new images are generated based on the editing pipeline of the denoising diffusion implicit model. Experiments demonstrate that the method outperforms its baselines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The publication of Benjamin Franklin's collected works has a long and complex history. William Temple Franklin, his grandson, was bequeathed his papers in 1790, but it took until 1815 until he began work on editing them, and it wasn't until 1818 that the first volume in the series was published. Temple has been much maligned for these delays and for the supposed poor quality of his work. This article rectifies that by looking in detail at the circumstances Temple faced, including the details of his contract with publisher Henry Colburn, the various stages of preparation for the volumes, and the search for a translator for the French edition. Despite the errors and omissions in Temple's London and Paris editions, his volumes were the most complete to be published until considerably later in the century and are still drawn on by modern editors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides a philological assessment of the statement in Ezra 4:12b and offers a new translation. We focus on the word יַחִיטוּ. We propose to construe the form as originally * יְחִיטוּ , G-stem prefixing conjugation of חיט , »to inspect«. In order to substantiate our proposal we refer to a series of cognates in Aramaic and other Semitic languages. Two newly edited Aramaic documents from Elephantine are mentioned, as well as texts from Bactria, passages from the Gilgamesh Epic, and the story on the Tower of Babylon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to bring to light and edit nine Byzantine funerary inscriptions discovered in the town of El-'Irāq (western Governorate of Karak, southern Jordan). All these pieces belong to the period ranging from the 5th to the 6th centuries ce. Like the majority of the inscriptions from the area, these epigraphs consist of short epitaphs engraved on rectangular tombstones made of local limestone and adorned with Christian symbols. The main novelty of this work is the appearance of two anthroponyms that have not been attested to date in the local epigraphic record: Γομολλα and Ἠλίος. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Specialized Islamic Studies (SIS) is the property of Refaad for Studies, Research & Development and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Although we encounter objects from a particular perspective, what we perceive and remember are typically whole objects. In 'amodal completion' our mind automatically fills in objects' spatially occluded parts, and our memory then often discards information about the orientation from which the objects were perceived. An analogous phenomenon of 'event completion' has been demonstrated, which may be understood as the mind automatically filling in temporally occluded parts of events. Exemplifying typical experiments in this paradigm, Strickland and Keil (Strickland and Keil, Cognition 121:409–415, 2011) showed participants videos depicting a causal event (e.g., someone kicking a ball), which was edited so that a crucial part was missing (e.g., the moment of contact between foot and ball). Subjects were more likely to falsely remember having seen the moment of contact if (and only if) it was strongly implied by subsequent footage. We use this phenomenon of event completion as a test case for comparing different theories of reference in memory. We argue that event completion puts pressure on both pure causal and pure descriptive theories of reference, and favors more nuanced hybrids of causal and descriptive theories, which integrate insights from cognitive and epistemic approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article approaches sensory modalities as semiotically active factors and organizing principles in meaning-making. The focus will be on the special case where modalities mismatch in film – i.e., the soundtrack and visuals present contradictory meanings. The conflict can be characterized by the concept of synthesis that emerges in theories of Eisenstein, Barthes, Jakobson, Lotman, and cognitivists. The artistic functions of such synthesis will be discussed with the help of examples from selected feature films. In the first place, conflicting modalities are inspected in the light of Juri Lotmanʼs theory of two incompatible, but still complementary languages that make up a mechanism for generating new information. In addition, the prospects of evaluating modality conflicts will be touched upon, dismissing synchrony and redundancy as the scale parameters, but acknowledging Lotmanʼs model of space as a primary modeling system that is capable of representing semantic conflicts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study hedonic editing principles that aim to find individuals' maximum utility when confronted with multiple outcomes Thaler (Mark Sci 4:199–214, 1985). These principles have been primarily defined and studied for only two outcomes. However, when dealing with more than two outcomes, the principles become more ambiguous, and some of them may not continue to be valid. To address this, we present an algorithm designed to find the best solution over a partition set of a given vector of n outcomes. We demonstrate that this algorithm identifies the best-majorized vector for up to four outcomes and establish the conditions under which this vector is optimal for n outcomes. Our algorithm is fast since it requires at most n - 1 steps. We provide a detailed analysis of the algorithm's performance, characterizing the conditions that guarantee the optimal solution and identifying cases where the algorithm may not converge to the optimal solution. Nevertheless, in these cases, we demonstrate through numerical analysis that it can find the optimal solution with a high accuracy rate in most 'practical' instances, making it a reliable tool for solving hedonic editing problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurately modeling the effects of illumination and shadows during head rotation is critical in computer vision for enhancing image realism and reducing artifacts. This study delves into the latent space of denoising diffusion models to identify compelling trajectories that can express continuous head rotation under varying lighting conditions. A key contribution of our work is the generation of additional labels from the CelebA dataset, categorizing images into three groups based on prevalent illumination direction: left, center, and right. These labels play a crucial role in our approach, enabling more precise manipulations and improved handling of lighting variations. Leveraging a recent embedding technique for Denoising Diffusion Implicit Models (DDIM), our method achieves noteworthy manipulations, encompassing a wide rotation angle of ±30°. while preserving individual distinct characteristics even under challenging illumination conditions. Our methodology involves computing trajectories that approximate clouds of latent representations of dataset samples with different yaw rotations through linear regression. Specific trajectories are obtained by analyzing subsets of data that share significant attributes with the source image, including light direction. Notably, our approach does not require any specific training of the generative model for the task of rotation; we merely compute and follow specific trajectories in the latent space of a pre-trained face generation model. This article showcases the potential of our approach and its current limitations through a qualitative discussion of notable examples. This study contributes to the ongoing advancements in representation learning and the semantic investigation of the latent space of generative models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The rules of the genetic code are implemented by the unique features that define the amino acid identity of each transfer RNA (tRNA). These features, known as "identity elements," mark tRNAs for recognition by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARSs), the enzymes responsible for ligating amino acids to tRNAs. While tRNA identity elements enable stringent substrate selectivity of ARSs, these enzymes are prone to errors during amino acid selection, leading to the synthesis of incorrect aminoacyl-tRNAs that jeopardize the fidelity of protein synthesis. Many error-prone ARSs have evolved specialized domains that hydrolyze incorrectly synthesized aminoacyl-tRNAs. These domains, known as editing domains, also exist as free-standing enzymes and, together with ARSs, safeguard protein synthesis fidelity. Here, we discuss how the same identity elements that define tRNA aminoacylation play an integral role in aminoacyl-tRNA editing, synergistically ensuring the correct translation of genetic information into proteins. Moreover, we review the distinct strategies of tRNA selection used by editing enzymes and ARSs to avoid undesired hydrolysis of correctly aminoacylated tRNAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Resumen: El presente artículo se plantea como una propedéutica al estudio del cómic ensayo o ensayo gráfico, desde su nacimiento con autoconsciencia hasta la actualidad. Con la voluntad de trazar una genealogía de obras significativas, el artículo incide en aquellos aspectos formales relacionados con estrategias de montaje que resultan relevantes en la forma-ensayo a partir de desarrollos de investigación en el campo del cine. Además, y de manera central, se propone una metodología, basada sobre todo en la iconología de Aby Warburg para el estudio del ensayo como fórmula didáctica y de transmisión de la tradición en el contexto de las formas de no ficción en el cómic. Abstract: This paper serves as an introduction to the study of the graphic essay or comic essay, tracing its evolution from its self-aware inception to the present day. With the intention of establishing a genealogy of significant works, the article emphasizes formal aspects related to montage strategies that are relevant to the essay form, drawing from research developments in the field of cinema. Furthermore, at its core, it proposes a methodology primarily based on Aby Warburg's iconology for the examination of the essay as a didactic formula and a means of transmitting tradition within the context of non-fiction forms in comics. comic; essay; iconology; editing; Aby Warburg.

Questions of the creative history of the homiletic heritage of Metropolitan Stefan Jaworski remain unexplored. The study of the unique manuscript of the first quarter of the 18th century and its comparison with later versions of solemn tales allowed us to conclude that the author undertook a significant content, stylistic, and lexical editing of the pieces. A comparative textual analysis of the lifetime autograph and later versions of sermons suggested that the author’s revision of the original draft could have been carried out by Metropolitan Stephen in the period from 1711 to 1718, during his preparation for publication of a collection of the most significant victory tales of the first decade of the 18th century. After Yavorsky’s death, Gabriel Buzhinsky collected and copied Yavorsky’s laudatory sermons, which gave researchers reason to assume that he was the editor and compiler of this collection. However, our textual analysis of the versions convincingly proved that Buzhinsky was not the editor of Yavorsky’s work but apparently relied on the versions of the sermon texts already edited by the author.

Modern people want to keep the track of as many events as possible while saving as much time as possible and reducing the level of redundant information. Internet digests provide an opportunity to systematize online publications and structure relevant information while focusing on the main facts and ideas. The paper describes the algorithm, editing, and design of Internet digests in social media. The authors analyzed digest entries in the Russian VKontakte social network to identify the methods of collecting, processing, and structuring information at different stages of editing. The standard folding method proved to be especially efficient, considering the stylistic diversity of the source materials compiled. As a result, the editor has to standardize the style without violating the integrity of the original text, eliminating information noise, applying the principles of information literacy and multidimensionality, etc. These aspects determine the structure of the VKontate digest as title – lead – text – call to action – graphic elements. The authors developed procedures for digest editorial as a sequence of actions that provides a high-quality media product with a high coefficient of information efficiency. Editing improves the quality of the material while ensuring its relevance, reliability, and clarity, thus facilitating the reading comprehension.

Unlike a classic film, which requires the audience’s attention from the first to the last frame, every series is forced to deal with pauses, which constitute the aesthetic specificity of this artistic format. Breaks between seasons, episodes, and sometimes blocks within a separate episode (transitions to advertising) are often carefully thought out by the creators and supported by specific tools that are designed to maintain the viewer’s interest in the work: a cliffhanger, retroactive continuity, the module “in previous episodes,” etc. Using film, television and literary series as a researcher material, the author analyzes the process of the audience’s encounter with a work — both during its direct perception and in anticipation of the next part. High discreteness of the serial rhythm leads the extralong form to a succession of drama crises, forcing it not only to develop the action forward but also to correct its own past, resolve logical inconsistencies, and reinterpret the events that have already happened. The article argues that a series deliberately abandons the fabula (plot) as an eventual given, introduces new unspoken conventions that its devoted viewers must accept, and receives the audience’s feedback, entering an interactive narrative mode.

The article deals with the composition and sources of the Hesy chatascetic anthology printed in Venice in 1782 and known as “Philokalia”, as well as the use of the texts contained therein in the extensive translation and editorial work of Rev. Paisius Velichkovsky, which he undertook after moving to the monastery of Dragomirna (1763) until his death (1794). His systematic works differed significantly from the activities of the compilers of the “Philokalia”. A prerequisite for Paisius Velichkovsky was the use of “trustworthy Hellenic Greek originals”, whereas in the preparation of the Venetian edition, they made use of late lists and the condition of the published texts was not taken into account. During the translation and in the process of repeated sequential editing of previously completed translations, Paisius Velichkovsky sought not only to accurately convey the source text, but also to the linguistic uniformity of the translated texts, while the compilers of the “Philokalia” used both the original Greek texts and their modern Greek periphrases. At the same time, Paisius Velichkovsky, unlike the compilers of the “Philokalia”, had no intention of preparing any anthology of Slavic translations of Byzantine texts of ascetic or Hesychastic content, and as the main source for translation and editing, he used less than a third of the total volume of the texts contained in the Venetian anthology.