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Disorders in glucose and lipid metabolism are closely linked to chronic metabolic diseases, including obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver, hyperlipidemia and diabetes. Cereal dietary fiber, as a prebiotic, can lower blood sugar and lipid levels while promoting metabolic balance. Current research on cereal dietary fiber primarily focuses on its physicochemical properties and short-chain fatty acids metabolites. Recent studies suggest that dietary fiber intake regulates glucose and lipid homeostasis by modulating bile acid metabolism. This process is closely associated with gut microbiota. Therefore, this paper briefly reviewed the progress on the regulatory effects and mechanisms of glucose and lipid metabolism through the gut microbiota-bile acid pathway by grain dietary fiber, and provides examples of how dietary fiber from different grains (brown rice, wheat, oats, and other grains) regulates glucose and lipid metabolism. This review aims to elucidate the relationship between cereal dietary fiber, gut microbiota-bile acid interactions, and glucose and lipid metabolism. It provides new insights into how grain dietary fiber improves metabolic health and supports human well-being.

Abstract A chemical investigation of Streptomyces sp. GZWMJZ-662, an endophytic actinomycete isolated from Houttuynia cordata Thunb., has yielded eleven bohemamine dimers (1–11). Notably, the newly identified dibohemamines I–O (1–7) have not been previously reported. Their structures were elucidated through detailed spectroscopic analysis, encompassing high-resolution electrospray ionization mass, nuclear magnetic resonance, infrared radiation, ultraviolet–visible, and electronic circular dichroism spectroscopy. Dibohemamine I (1) exhibited selective cytotoxic effects against the cancer cell lines 786-O and GBC-SD among the 18 cell lines evaluated, with the half-inhibitory concentration values of 3.24 ± 0.20 and 7.36 ± 0.41 μM, respectively. Graphical Abstract

ObjectiveThe present study aims to explore the initial dosage optimization of sertraline in pediatric major depressive disorder (MDD) patients based on model-informed precision dosing (MIPD).MethodsA total of 111 pediatric MDD patients treated with sertraline were included for analysis using MIPD. Sertraline concentration levels, physiological and biochemical indexes of pediatric MDD patients, combined drug information were included in the construction of model.ResultsWeight and zopiclone co-administration influenced sertraline clearance in pediatric MDD patients. With the same weight, the sertraline clearance rates were 0.453:1 in patients with, or without zopiclone, respectively. Furthermore, without zopiclone, for once-daily sertraline scheme, the dosages of 4.0, and 3.0 mg/kg/day were suggested for pediatric MDD patients with body weight of 30–38.5, and 38.5–80 kg, respectively; for twice-daily sertraline scheme, the dosage of 2.0 mg/kg/day was suggested for pediatric MDD patients with body weight of 30–80 kg. With zopiclone, for once-daily sertraline scheme, the dosage of 1.0 mg/kg/day was suggested for pediatric MDD patients with body weight of 30–80 kg; for twice-daily sertraline scheme, the dosage of 0.5 mg/kg/day was suggested for pediatric MDD patients with body weight of 30–80 kg.ConclusionThis study first explored the initial dosage optimization of sertraline in pediatric MDD patients based on MIPD, and recommended the optimal sertraline initial dosage in pediatric MDD patients based on zopiclone co-administration.