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AbstractIntroductionMaterials and MethodsResultsConclusionsNetflix pledged to avoid depictions of e-cigarette use in scripted series and movies rated TV-14 or below. However, this policy did not extend to young adults, many of whom are below the legal tobacco purchasing age. This study examined the association between recall of Netflix scripted series and movies previously identified to contain e-cigarette imagery and susceptibility to use e-cigarettes among never users.A non-probability representative sample of young adults (ages 18-24; N = 1500) living in California were recruited to complete an online survey assessing their recall of Netflix scripted series and movies previously identified to contain e-cigarette imagery and e-cigarette-related behaviors. Adjusted and weighted logistic regression analyses were used among participants who had never used e-cigarettes (n = 967).Among participants who had never used e-cigarettes, 68.1% (n = 659/967) recalled viewing at least one Netflix scripted series or movie previously identified to contain e-cigarette imagery, including 66.4% (n = 192/289) of participants under the legal tobacco purchasing age. Participants who recalled viewing at least one Netflix scripted series or movie previously identified to contain e-cigarette imagery, compared with those who did not, had greater odds of reporting susceptibility to use e-cigarettes among never users (AOR = 1.65, 95% CI = 1.20-2.25).Young adults living in California recalled Netflix scripted series or movies previously identified to contain e-cigarette imagery. Such recall was associated with susceptibility to use e-cigarettes among never users. These findings should motivate prevention programmers to design tobacco-related digital media literacy interventions for young adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Online e-cigarette retailers use e-mail communications to promote products directly to consumers, which may facilitate e-cigarette use. Little is known about the content of these e-mails. As such, this study collected e-mails from online e-cigarette retailers in California to conduct a content analysis. Aims and Methods This study included 13 online e-cigarette retailers in California using Yelp. To be included in the study, e-cigarette retailers needed a live website, physical retail location (ie, vape shop), and e-cigarettes available for purchase online. The research team entered each website and signed up (if possible) for an e-mail newsletter. Data were collected from the Gmail Application Programming Interface over a 1-year study period (November 1, 2021–November 1, 2022). Members of the research team coded e-mails for the presence of e-cigarettes, other products, flavors, marketing categories, and promotional activities, among other variables. Results Seven hundred and forty-nine promotional e-mails (2.1 avg/day) were received over the 1-year study period. Second-generation e-cigarettes (n  = 581, 77.6%) were the most observed product in e-mails followed by disposable e-cigarettes (n  = 391, 52.2%). The most common flavor profile was fruit or sweet or liquor (n  = 424, 56.6%). E-mails included links to social media pages (n  = 366, 48.9%). Online coupons were found in 53.1% (n  = 398) of the e-mails. Age warnings were displayed in 8.0% (n  = 60) of the e-mails. Conclusions E-cigarette retailers' e-mails promoted new products, flavors, and contained promotional discounts. Future research should examine the impact of exposure to such e-mails on e-cigarette-related attitudes and behaviors. Implications Findings from this study may help inform prevention programs and interventions focused on increasing tobacco-related digital media literacy (ie, evaluate tobacco advertising messages on digital media) among gender and ethnic minorities. Future research should examine if exposure to e-mail marketing is causally linked with e-cigarette use among gender and ethnic minorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although past reviews have documented the associations between PERMA+4 and psychological safety on work performance, few studies have examined the interaction of each construct on work outcomes using a systems-informed approach. This study examined the predictive validity of employee and team PERMA+4 and psychological safety on employee and team work-related outcomes. Full-time employees were recruited to take an online survey assessing their work-related well-being and performance (N = 1,200). At the employee level, PERMA+4 and psychological safety significantly predicted job-related affective positive well-being (b = 0.04, 95%CI = 0.02, 0.07, p < .05) and job stress (b = -0.03, 95%CI = -0.05, −0.01, p < .05). At the team level, PERMA+4 and psychological safety significantly predicted team proficiency (b = 0.03, 95%CI = 0.01, 0.05, p < .05), team adaptivity (b = 0.05, 95%CI = 0.02, 0.08, p < .05), and team proactivity (b = 0.05, 95%CI = 0.01, 0.09, p < .05). Scholars and practitioners may consider using a systems-informed approach with PERMA+4 and psychological safety to measure and evaluate workplace well-being programs and interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impostor phenomenon is a psychological construct referring to a range of negative emotions associated with a person's perception of their own "fraudulent competence" in a field or of their lack of skills necessary to be successful in that field. Anecdotal evidence suggests that many practicing evaluators have experienced impostor feelings, but lack a framework in which to understand their experiences and the forums in which to discuss them. This paper summarizes the literature on the impostor phenomenon, applies it to the field of evaluation, and describes the results of an empirical, quantitatively focused study which included open-ended qualitative questions exploring impostorism in 323 practicing evaluators. The results suggest that impostor phenomenon in evaluators consists of three constructs: Discount, Luck, and Fake. Qualitative data analysis suggests differential coping strategies for men and women. Thematic analysis guided the development of a set of proposed solutions to help lessen the phenomenon's detrimental effects for evaluators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Twitter data have been used to surveil public sentiment about tobacco products; however, most tobacco-related Twitter research has been conducted with English-language posts. There is a gap in the literature on tobacco-related discussions on Twitter in languages other than English. This study summarized tobacco-related discussions in Spanish on Twitter. Methods A set of Spanish terms reflecting electronic cigarettes (eg, "cigarillos electrónicos"), cigarettes (eg, "pitillo"), and cigars (eg, "cigaro") were identified. A content analysis of tweets (n  = 1352) drawn from 2021 was performed to examine themes and sentiment. An initial codebook was developed in English then translated to Spanish and then translated back to English by a bilingual (Spanish and English) member of the research team. Two bilingual members of the research team coded the tweets into themes and sentiment. Results Themes in the tweets included (1) product promotion (n  = 168, 12.4%), (2) health warnings (n  = 161, 11.9%), (3) tobacco use (n  = 136, 10.1%), (4) health benefits of vaping (n  = 58, 4.3%), (5) cannabis use (n  = 50, 3.7%), (6) cessation (n  = 47, 3.5%), (7) addiction (n  = 33, 2.4%), (8) policy (n  = 27, 2.0%), and (9) polysubstance use (n  = 12, 0.9%). Neutral (n  = 955, 70.6%) was the most common category of sentiment observed in the data. Conclusions Tobacco products are discussed in multiple languages on Twitter and can be summarized by bilingual research teams. Future research should determine if Spanish-speaking individuals are frequently exposed to pro-tobacco content on social media and if such exposure increases susceptibility to use tobacco among never users or sustained use among current users. Implications Spanish-language pro-tobacco content exists on Twitter, which has implications for Spanish-speaking individuals who may be exposed to this content. Spanish-language pro-tobacco-related posts may help normalize tobacco use among Spanish-speaking populations. As a result, anti-tobacco tweets in Spanish may be necessary to counter areas of the online environment that can be considered pro-tobacco. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Social media data have been used to describe tobacco industry marketing practices, user experiences with tobacco, and youth-oriented protobacco content. Objective Examine the extent to which tobacco-related social media research is cited in government policy documents. Search Methods Peer-reviewed tobacco-related social media studies were searched for on Web of Science, PubMed, and other databases from 2004 to 2022. The DOI number for each identified article was then used to search the Overton database to find policy documents citing such research. A secondary, manual search of national and international governmental agency websites was also conducted. Selection Criteria Documents were included in this study if they were tobacco-related, written in English, cited social media research in the document text and reference section, and were published by a governmental office or agency. Data Collection and Analysis The analytic sample consisted of (n  = 38) government policy documents, and were coded for content themes, agency type, document type, and subsequent citations. Main Results When this research was utilized, it was often in the context of highlighting tobacco industry marketing practices, bringing attention to an issue (eg, youth e-cigarette use), and/or describing how social media platforms can be used as a data source to understand tobacco-related attitudes and behaviors. Agencies that often cited this research were the WHO, FDA, and CDC. The document types included research reports, policy recommendations, industry guidance, legal complaints, and practice-based recommendations. Conclusions Tobacco-related social media research has been utilized by government agencies in the last decade to guide the policy process. Implications Tobacco-related social media research has been used in government policy documents to detail tobacco industry marketing and bring attention to youth exposure to protobacco content online. Continued surveillance of social media may be necessary to track the changing tobacco landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Tobacco researchers have used social media data to examine tobacco industry marketing practices (eg, influencers), and to document user experience with tobacco products. This study summarized the literature that analyzed tobacco-related social media data, including domain, social media platform, tobacco product type, and themes of findings, among other variables. Aims and Methods PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, and Communication Source were searched between 2004 and 2022. Peer-reviewed articles were included if they were written in English, included at least one tobacco-related term, and one social media-related term, and analyzed a social media post. Two coders screened all-titles and abstracts. The final sample consisted of (n  = 255) articles. Studies were coded for domain, social media platform, tobacco product type, data source, type of data, coding and analytic method, and presence of validation procedure, among other variables. Results A total of 10 504 820 581 tobacco-related social media posts were assessed across 255 studies. User experience (54.1%) and promotion (23.1%) were the most researched domains. Researchers used data from Twitter the most (42.7%). Text (43.1%) was the most common type of data analyzed. Thematic analysis (80.8%) was the most common analytic technique. Themes of findings from content analyses often pertained to the health effects of tobacco use (61.0%) and promotion (44.2%). Conclusions Researchers have analyzed billions of tobacco-related social media posts to describe user experience with, and promotions related to, tobacco products like e-cigarettes on platforms like Twitter. Future research may examine tobacco-related social media data from newer platforms like TikTok. Implications Real-time surveillance of tobacco-related content on social media can keep the tobacco control community abreast of tobacco industry promotional strategies, user experience with tobacco products, and perceived health effects of tobacco use. A framework may be developed to establish best-practices for social media data collection and analysis, including strategies to identify posts from bot accounts and validate methodological approaches used in thematic analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychological theory suggests that evaluators' individual values and traits play a fundamental role in evaluation practice, though few empirical studies have explored those constructs in evaluators. This paper describes an empirical study on evaluators' individual, work, and political values, as well as their personality traits to predict evaluation practice and methodological orientation. The results suggest evaluators value benevolence, achievement, and universalism; they lean socially liberal but are slightly more conservative on fiscal issues; and they tend to be conscientious, agreeable, and open to new experiences. In the workplace, evaluators value competence and opportunities for growth, as well as status and independence. These constructs did not statistically predict evaluation practice, though some workplace values and individual values predicted quantitative methodological orientation. We conclude by discussing strengths, limitations, and next steps for this line of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Past research examining the relationship between exposure to online e-cigarette marketing and e-cigarette-related attitudes and behaviors has relied on unaided recall measures that may suffer from self-report bias. To date, few studies have presented participants with e-cigarette marketing stimuli and assessed recognition. This study examined the associations between recognition of online e-cigarette marketing stimuli and e-cigarette-related attitudes and behaviors among young adults in California., Methods: A non-probability representative sample of young adults (ages 18-24; N=1500) living in California completed an online survey assessing their recognition of online e-cigarette marketing stimuli, including image-based (i.e., Instagram, email) and audiovisual (i.e., YouTube, TikTok) promotions, and positive e-cigarette-related attitudes (e.g., appeal of e-cigarettes) and behaviors (e.g., e-cigarette use). Adjusted and weighted logistic regression analyses were used., Results: 79.0% (n=1185) of young adults, including 78.1% (n=310/397) of participants under 21 years old, recognized online e-cigarette marketing. Participants who reported recognition of stimuli, compared with those who did not, had greater odds of reporting appeal of e-cigarettes (AOR=2.26, 95% CI=1.65-3.09) and e-cigarette purchase intentions (AOR=1.66, 95% CI=1.13-2.43) among all participants, and susceptibility to use e-cigarettes among never users (AOR=2.29, 95% CI=1.59-3.29)., Conclusions: Young adults in California recognized audiovisual and image-based online e-cigarette marketing. Such recognition may lead to positive e-cigarette-related attitudes and behavioral intentions, especially among never users. Future research should examine the causal relationship between the associations found in this study. Findings may inform the development and evaluation of psychometrically valid measures of online e-cigarette marketing exposures., Implications: Recognition of online e-cigarette marketing stimuli was associated with greater odds of reporting appeal and benefits of e-cigarettes, purchase intentions, and lifetime e-cigarette use among all participants, and susceptibility to use e-cigarettes among never users. These findings may motivate the development and evaluation of psychometrically valid measures of online e-cigarette marketing exposures., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Competing Interests: Competing interests: J-PA has received fees for consulting services in court cases pertaining to the content on social media platforms. No other financial disclosures were reported. The authors have no competing interests to disclose.