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This paper proposes the structured and investigation of multi‐port ceramic‐based aerial with filtering, high gain, and circular polarization features. The alumina ceramic is excited using a cross‐shaped microstrip line. Defected ground structure (DGS) is utilized to provide good impedance matching within the operating band. Metasurface suspension over the two‐port aerial improves the gain level by an amount of 10.2 dBi. The application of polarization diversity idea helps to improve separation between aerial ports by 25 dB. The prediction of |S11| and axial ratio using random forest and XGBoost‐built machine learning (ML) technique reduces the computational complexity. Fabricated prototype confirms that the designed antenna operates in between 2.55 and 3.45 GHz, and 3‐dB axial ratio is found in between 2.75 and 3.15 GHz. Directive far‐field attributes and suitable amount of diversity parameters confirm its applicability for sub‐6 GHz‐based 5G communication system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel method is proposed to achieve a low-profile miniaturized dual-band dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) for wireless communication applications. The cylindrical dielectric resonator (DR) is fed by a microstrip loop on the top surface of the substrate and a mountain shaped ground on the bottom surface of the substrate. This structure not only effectively transfers energy to the DR but also plays a pivotal role in establishing a lower resonance frequency of 1.73 GHz, achieving this with a compact structure (0.21λ0 × 0.18λ0 × 0.02λ0, and λ0 is the free-space wavelength at 1.73 GHz). HEM11δ mode of the cylindrical DR is employed to cover the upper frequency band of 2.8 GHz. Ultimately, the effectiveness of our suggested approach and the antenna's performance are confirmed through the measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Ba 3 V 2 O 8 ceramics are synthesized using a solid-state route. • Structural and morphological characterization confirmed phase formation and purity. • Synthesized ceramics possess desirable microwave dielectric properties. • Successfully modelled the antennas using High-frequency Structure Simulator suite. • Designed high radiation efficient (>90 %) antenna, ensuring application viability. This study focuses on synthesizing dielectric ceramic material Ba 3 V 2 O 8 (BVO) and its application in Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antennas (CDRAs) fabrication. The investigation involves a comprehensive parametric study combining software simulations and experimental validation to understand the performance characteristics of the CDRA using the synthesized material. The ceramics were sintered at 900 °C and 950 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the phase formation, indicating a Rhombohedral structure with the space group R 3 ¯ m. Dielectric properties were characterized, revealing temperature-independent structures. The dielectric properties of BVO ceramics (BVO-900: ε r =13.1, Q × f =4000, t a n δ =0.00222, τ f =0; BVO-950: ε r =13, Q × f = 5000, t a n δ =0.00173, τ f =0) were utilized to model CDRAs using the High-Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSS) suite. The designs were optimized for effective performance and used to fabricate CDRAs, which were subsequently characterized using a network analyzer and a double-ridge horn antenna. The CDRA using BVO-900 exhibited resonance frequency (f r) = 8.06 GHz, S 11 = -44.02 dB, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR) = 1.07, and Bandwidth (BW) = 16.25 %, while the BVO-950-based antenna displayed f r = 8.09 GHz, S 11 = -30.49 dB, VSWR = 1.06, and BW = 13.1 %. Measured values closely matched simulated values, demonstrating the effectiveness of the synthesized ceramics in CDRA applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This research utilizes a dielectric resonator antenna as a receiving antenna of rectenna. • The high gain antenna is designed based on higher order mode and magneto-electric dipole theory. • This rectenna has good performances at 5. 8 GHz. In this paper, a high-gain nested dielectric resonator rectenna operating at 5.8 GHz based on the magneto-electric dipole theory is proposed. A nested structure is employed to achieve the required resonant frequency in a small dimension. And the higher order HE 21δ mode of the dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is excited by a vertical coaxial probe feeding, which is equated to a horizontal array of crossed magnetic dipoles, thus enhancing the gain. Then, two vertical metal posts are embedded inside the DRA, serving as electric dipoles to form a magneto-electric dipole array in conjunction with the magnetic dipoles, which suppress the excessive lobes of the DRA in HE 21δ mode and hence enhance the maximum gain of the DRA to 9.8 dBi. A rectifier circuit with harmonic suppression is designed. By adding a short-circuit microstrip transmission line to the rectifier circuit, the second harmonic with infinite impedance is suppressed and reflected back to the diode for secondary rectification. The designed rectifier circuit is connected to the DRA to form a rectenna. The test result shows that the rectenna obtains a peak conversion efficiency of 43.9 % and an output voltage of 1.95 V at 5.8 GHz, which is suitable for wireless energy harvesting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a wideband Graphene-inspired dielectric resonator THz MIMO antenna is designed. The antenna has dimensions of 56 × 56 × 3.6 μm³ and is designed on a Rogers RO3035 substrate with a relative permittivity of 3.6 and loss tangent of 0.0015. This antenna works in the range of 6.0 THz-12.5 THz (70.76 %) with a peak gain of 7.68 dBi and radiation efficiency (>70 %) is suitable for use in medical imaging and THz wireless near-field applications. A CSRR is loaded to obtain band notch characteristic for avoiding interference between nearby wireless devices in the range of 10.6–10.8 THz. EBG was also introduced with a patch antenna to reduce surface wave loss and improve isolation, resulting in a high front-to-back ratio (FBR) in the range of 10–12.5 THz. Without the graphene disk, the silicon-based DRA did not achieve significant gain. At a chemical potential of 0.5 eV and a relaxation time of 0.1 ps, the proposed DRA demonstrated good antenna properties. By varying the chemical potential and relaxation time, frequency agility was easily achieved. A Graphene disk having a height of 3 μm is placed on a Silicon (ε r = 11.1) based cylindrical DRA to provide high gain and improve the impedance bandwidth, achieving wide bandwidth from 6.0 THz to 12.5 THz. The proposed two element antenna performance is evaluated by parameters such as gain, return loss, isolation between two antenna elements, and diversity parameters like Envelope correlation coefficient ECC<0.1, Directive Gain >9.5 dB, Total Active reflection Coefficient >10 dB and Avg. Channel capacity loss <0.35bps/Hz so that the proposed antenna is suitable for wideband nano/optical communication in IoT-6G. Furthermore, the antenna is suitable for biological sensing applications due to its average sensitivity and FOM for hemoglobin and urine of 805.33GHz/RIU and 805.55GHz/RIU, respectively, and 3.37 and 10.55. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]