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Abstract Few empirical research has attempted to determine the impact of Intelligent Computer-Assisted Language Assessment (ICALA) in philosophy-based language instruction (PBLI) on critical thinking, self-evaluation, and academic resilience, despite the significant role that higher-order thinking skills play in influencing English as a Foreign Language (EFL) learners’ cognition, including their learning processes. This research addresses this knowledge vacuum by examining how ICALA in PBLI influences the development of the four primary abilities associated with critical thinking, self-evaluation, and academic resilience. A quasi-experimental strategy was used in this study among 81 EFL learners. The participants were split into two groups: one to participate in the experiment and another to serve as a control. The books for both groups were revised or supplemented according to the underlying PBLI principles. The control group (CG) students were exposed to paper format assessment. In comparison, the experimental group (EG) attended ICALA. The statistical significance of the differences between the two groups was determined using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The results demonstrated that the learners in EG outperformed their peers in CG foreign language-speaking development. Moreover, they received better critical thinking, self-evaluation, and academic resilience results.

Abstract This study investigates the impact of Philosophy-Based Language Teaching (PBLT) on the critical thinking skills and learner engagement of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students. A concurrent mixed-methods approach, including semi-structured interviews, document analysis, and academic achievement tests, was employed with an experimental group (EG) exposed to PBLT and a control group (CG) receiving traditional instruction. The results reveal a substantial positive effect of PBLT on the critical thinking abilities of EFL learners, as evidenced by thematic analyses of interviews and document content. Themes include heightened critical thinking awareness, collaborative knowledge construction, and increased learner engagement. Academic achievement tests further demonstrate significant improvement in the experimental group’s performance. A comparison with existing literature underscores the novelty of our mixed-methods approach. Implications for language teachers, materials developers, syllabus designers, and policy-makers are discussed, highlighting the potential of PBLT in cultivating critical thinking and learner engagement.

Background: Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome (PACS) has been linked to microvascular endothelial dysfunction as a potential underlying pathomechanism and can manifest even following a mild course of the initial infection. Prevalence of microvascular endothelial dysfunction and circulating natriuretic peptides in such PACS patients remains unknown., Methods: This prospective, cross-sectional cohort study enrolled 92 patients (82% females, median age 48 years) with PACS. Reactive hyperemia index (RHI) was evaluated with peripheral arterial tonometry, where <1.67 was defined as microvascular endothelial dysfunction, 1.67-2.0 as impaired function, and >2 normal endothelial function, on average 31 months after the acute infection. N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels were collected at 2 different time points within over a 1-year span., Results: In total, 41% of PACS subjects had microvascular endothelial dysfunction and 20% had impaired RHI. No major differences in clinical characteristics, routine chemistry laboratory testing, or symptom burden were observed across the groups. Only subjects with microvascular endothelial dysfunction and impaired endothelial function had a significant increase in NT-proBNP levels over time, and those with larger increase in NT-proBNP had significantly lower RHI. There was a significant correlation between relative or absolute increase in NT-proBNP and RHI, which remained significant in a multivariable adjusted linear regression., Conclusions: Peripheral microvascular endothelial dysfunction was prevalent in a symptomatic PACS population long after recovery from a mild acute infection. Increases in NT-proBNP levels were associated with microvascular endothelial dysfunction, suggesting a link between, and providing a foundation for, future studies on post viral microvascular endothelial dysfunction in PACS., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Diffuse coronary artery disease affects the safety and efficacy of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Pathophysiologic coronary artery disease patterns can be quantified using fractional flow reserve (FFR) pullbacks incorporating the pullback pressure gradient (PPG) calculation. This study aimed to establish the capacity of PPG to predict optimal revascularization and procedural outcomes., Methods: This prospective, investigator-initiated, single-arm, multicenter study enrolled patients with at least one epicardial lesion with an FFR ≤0.80 scheduled for PCI. Manual FFR pullbacks were used to calculate PPG. The primary outcome of optimal revascularization was defined as an FFR ≥0.88 after PCI., Results: A total of 993 patients with 1044 vessels were included. The mean FFR was 0.68±0.12, PPG 0.62±0.17, and the post-PCI FFR was 0.87±0.07. PPG was significantly correlated with the change in FFR after PCI (r=0.65 [95% CI, 0.61-0.69]; P <0.001) and demonstrated excellent predictive capacity for optimal revascularization (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.82 [95% CI, 0.79-0.84]; P <0.001). FFR alone did not predict revascularization outcomes (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve, 0.54 [95% CI, 0.50-0.57]). PPG influenced treatment decisions in 14% of patients, redirecting them from PCI to alternative treatment modalities. Periprocedural myocardial infarction occurred more frequently in patients with low PPG (<0.62) compared with those with focal disease (odds ratio, 1.71 [95% CI, 1.00-2.97])., Conclusions: Pathophysiologic coronary artery disease patterns distinctly affect the safety and effectiveness of PCI. PPG showed an excellent predictive capacity for optimal revascularization and demonstrated added value compared with an FFR measurement., Registration: URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT04789317., Competing Interests: Dr Collet reports receiving research grants from Biosensors, Coroventis Research, Medis Medical Imaging, Pie Medical Imaging, CathWorks, Boston Scientific, Siemens, HeartFlow, and Abbott Vascular; consultancy fees from HeartFlow, OpSens Medical, Abbott Vascular, and Philips Volcano; and has patents pending on diagnostic methods for coronary artery disease. Dr Munhoz reports a research grant provided by the CardioPath PhD programme and speaker fees from Abbott Vascular. Dr Mizukami reports receiving research grants from Boston Scientific and speaker fees from Abbott Vascular, CathWorks, and Boston Scientific. Dr Matsuo has received consulting fees from Kaneka and Zeon and speaker’s fees from Abbott Medical Japan, Boston Scientific, Philips, and Amgen. Dr Ko has received consulting fees from Canon Medical, Abbott, and Medtronic. Dr Biscaglia received research grants provided by Sahajanand Medical Technologies, Medis Medical Imaging, Eukon Srl, Siemens Healthineers, General Electric Healthcare, and Insight Lifetech. Dr Engstrøm reports speaker and advisory board fees from Abbott, Boston Scientific, and Novo Nordisk. Dr Leone reports receiving consultancy fees from Abbott and honoraria for sponsored symposia from Abbott, Medtronic, and Abiomed. Dr Fearon receives institutional research support from Abbott, Boston Scientific, and Medtronic and has consulting relationships with CathWorks and Siemens and stock options from HeartFlow. Dr Christiansen has received consulting fees from Abbott Medical Denmark A/S. Dr Yong has received minor honoraria from Abbott Vascular and research grants from Abbott Vascular and Philips. Dr Escaned is supported by the Intensification of Research Activity project INT22/00088 from the Spanish Instituto de Salud Carlos III and received speaker and advisory board member fees from Abbott and Philips. Dr Storozhenko reports a grant provided by the EAPCI Fellowship Programme. Dr West is an employee of Abbott Vascular. Dr De Potter is a paid consultant for Biosense Webster and receives grant support (institutional) and consultancy fees (institutional) from Abbott. Dr Berry receives research funding from the British Heart Foundation (grants RE/18/6134217, BHF/FS/17/26/32744, and PG/19/28/34310) and is employed by the University of Glasgow, which holds consultancy and research agreements for his work with Abbott Vascular, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Coroventis Research, GlaxoSmithKline, HeartFlow, Menarini, Novartis, Servier, Siemens Healthcare, and Valo Health. Dr Collison has received consulting fees from Abbott. Dr Johnson has received consultancy or speaker fees from Abbott Vascular, Boston Scientific, Medtronic, Shockwave, and Terumo, and research grants from Abbott Vascular. Dr Amano reports receiving lecture fees from Astellas Pharma, Astra Zeneca, Bayer, Daiichi Sankyo, and Bristol Myers Squibb. Dr Perera has received research grant support from Abbott Vascular, HeartFlow, and Philips. Dr Jeremias has received consulting fees from Canon Medical, Artrya Medical, and Boston Scientific. Dr Ali reports institutional grant support from Abbott, Abiomed, Acist, Amgen, Boston Scientific, CathWorks, Canon Medical, Conavi, HeartFlow, Inari, Medtronic, the US National Institutes of Health, Nipro, OpSens Medical, Medis, Philips, Shockwave, Siemens, SpectraWAVE, and Teleflex; consulting fees from Abiomed, Astra Zeneca, Boston Scientific, CathWorks, OpSens Medical, Philips, and Shockwave; and equity in Elucid, Lifelink, SpectraWAVE, Shockwave, and VitalConnect. Dr Pijls has received research grants from Abbott and Hexacath; consultancy fees from Abbott, GE, Philips, and HeartFlow; and has equity in General Electric, Philips, and HeartFlow. Dr De Bruyne reports receiving consultancy fees from Boston Scientific and Abbott and research grants from Coroventis Research, Pie Medical Imaging, CathWorks, Boston Scientific, Siemens, HeartFlow, and Abbott Vascular. Dr Johnson received internal funding from the Weatherhead PET Center for Preventing and Reversing Atherosclerosis; has received significant institutional research support from St Jude Medical (CONTRAST [Can Contrast Injection Better Approximate FFR Compared to Pure Resting Physiology?; URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02184117]) and Philips Volcano (DEFINE-FLOW [Combined Pressure and Flow Measurements to Guide Treatment of Coronary Stenoses; URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov; Unique identifier: NCT02328820]) for other studies using intracoronary pressure and flow sensors; has an institutional licensing agreement with Boston Scientific for the smart-minimum FFR algorithm (now commercialized under 510[k] K191008); and has patents pending on diagnostic methods for quantifying aortic stenosis and TAVI physiology and on methods to correct pressure tracings from fluid-filled catheters.