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This article delves into the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to enhance early breast cancer (BC) detection for improved treatment outcomes and patient care. Utilizing a multimethod approach comprising literature review and experiments, the study systematically reviewed 310 articles utilizing 30 diverse datasets. Among the techniques assessed, recurrent neural network (RNN) emerged as the most accurate, achieving 98.58 % accuracy, followed by genetic principles (GP), transfer learning (TL), and artificial neural networks (ANNs), with accuracies exceeding 96 %. While conventional machine learning (ML) methods demonstrated accuracies above 90 %, DL techniques outperformed them. Evaluation of BC diagnostic models using the Wisconsin breast cancer dataset (WBCD) highlighted logistic regression (LR) and support vector machine (SVM) as the most accurate predictors, with minimal errors for clinical data. Conversely, decision trees (DT) exhibited higher error rates due to overfitting, emphasizing the importance of algorithm selection for complex datasets. Analysis of ultrasound images underscored the significance of preprocessing, while histopathological image analysis using convolutional neural networks (CNNs) demonstrated robust classification capabilities. These findings underscore the transformative potential of ML and DL in BC diagnosis, offering automated, accurate, and accessible diagnostic tools. Collaboration among stakeholders is crucial for further advancements in BC detection methods., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Many autism spectrum disorder (ASD)-associated genes act as transcriptional regulators (TRs). Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) was used to identify the regulatory targets of ARID1B, BCL11A, FOXP1, TBR1, and TCF7L2, ASD-associated TRs in the developing human and mouse cortex. These TRs shared substantial overlap in the binding sites, especially within open chromatin. The overlap within a promoter region, 1-2,000 bp upstream of the transcription start site, was highly predictive of brain-expressed genes. This signature was observed in 96 out of 102 ASD-associated genes. In vitro CRISPRi against ARID1B and TBR1 delineated downstream convergent biology in mouse cortical cultures. After 8 days, NeuN+ and CALB+ cells were decreased, GFAP+ cells were increased, and transcriptomic signatures correlated with the postmortem brain samples from individuals with ASD. We suggest that functional convergence across five ASD-associated TRs leads to shared neurodevelopmental outcomes of haploinsufficient disruption., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests J.L.R.R. is cofounder and stockholder, and currently on the scientific board, of Neurona, a company studying the potential therapeutic use of interneuron transplantation. S.J.S. receives research funding from BioMarin Pharmaceutical. M.W.S. is a consultant to BlackThorn and ArRett Pharmaceuticals. L.L. is a stockholder and employee of Invitae., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The association of pre-participation knee muscle strength status with lower limb injury occurrence was investigated. Knee extensors and flexors muscle strength status including the traditional hamstrings/quadriceps (H/Q), Q/Q, H/H, and the non-dominant H/Q: dominant H/Q, HQ:HQ, ratios were recorded before the 10 month judo activity. Fifteen lower limb sport injuries were recorded for 53 judokas during the follow-up questionnaires. Significant accuracy of dominant H/Q ratio 60º/s (AUC 0.702, 95% CI 0.520 to .883, p = 0.023), as well as HQ:HQ ratios 300º/s (AUC .318, 95% CI 0.138 to 0.497, p = 0.040), and 60 º/s (AUC 0.311, 95% CI 0.130 to 0.491, p = .033) were revealed discriminating between injured and uninjured judokas. The optimum cut-off of dominant H/Q ratio associated with belonging to uninjured judokas group was 43.2% (sensitivity, 0.974; specificity, 0.533). Isokinetic knee muscle dynamometry is useful for predicting the likelihood of lower limb injuries in professional judokas during competitive activity.

Purpose: The purpose of this meta-analysis is to study the impact of varicocele repair in the largest cohort of infertile males with clinical varicocele by including all available studies, with no language restrictions, comparing intra-person conventional semen parameters before and after the repair of varicoceles., Materials and Methods: The meta-analysis was performed according to PRISMA-P and MOOSE guidelines. A systematic search was performed in Scopus, PubMed, Cochrane, and Embase databases. Eligible studies were selected according to the PICOS model (Population: infertile male patients with clinical varicocele; Intervention: varicocele repair; Comparison: intra-person before-after varicocele repair; Outcome: conventional semen parameters; Study type: randomized controlled trials [RCTs], observational and case-control studies)., Results: Out of 1,632 screened abstracts, 351 articles (23 RCTs, 292 observational, and 36 case-control studies) were included in the quantitative analysis. The before-and-after analysis showed significant improvements in all semen parameters after varicocele repair (except sperm vitality); semen volume: standardized mean difference (SMD) 0.203, 95% CI: 0.129-0.278; p<0.001; I²=83.62%, Egger's p=0.3329; sperm concentration: SMD 1.590, 95% CI: 1.474-1.706; p<0.001; I²=97.86%, Egger's p<0.0001; total sperm count: SMD 1.824, 95% CI: 1.526-2.121; p<0.001; I²=97.88%, Egger's p=0.0063; total motile sperm count: SMD 1.643, 95% CI: 1.318-1.968; p<0.001; I²=98.65%, Egger's p=0.0003; progressive sperm motility: SMD 1.845, 95% CI: 1.537%-2.153%; p<0.001; I²=98.97%, Egger's p<0.0001; total sperm motility: SMD 1.613, 95% CI 1.467%-1.759%; p<0.001; l2=97.98%, Egger's p<0.001; sperm morphology: SMD 1.066, 95% CI 0.992%-1.211%; p<0.001; I²=97.87%, Egger's p=0.1864., Conclusions: The current meta-analysis is the largest to date using paired analysis on varicocele patients. In the current meta-analysis, almost all conventional semen parameters improved significantly following varicocele repair in infertile patients with clinical varicocele., Competing Interests: The authors have nothing to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 Korean Society for Sexual Medicine and Andrology.)

Purpose: Sperm DNA fragmentation (SDF) is a functional sperm abnormality that can impact reproductive potential, for which four assays have been described in the recently published sixth edition of the WHO laboratory manual for the examination and processing of human semen. The purpose of this study was to examine the global practices related to the use of SDF assays and investigate the barriers and limitations that clinicians face in incorporating these tests into their practice., Materials and Methods: Clinicians managing male infertility were invited to complete an online survey on practices related to SDF diagnostic and treatment approaches. Their responses related to the technical aspects of SDF testing, current professional society guidelines, and the literature were used to generate expert recommendations via the Delphi method. Finally, challenges related to SDF that the clinicians encounter in their daily practice were captured., Results: The survey was completed by 436 reproductive clinicians. Overall, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase deoxyuridine triphosphate Nick-End Labeling (TUNEL) is the most commonly used assay chosen by 28.6%, followed by the sperm chromatin structure assay (24.1%), and the sperm chromatin dispersion (19.1%). The choice of the assay was largely influenced by availability (70% of respondents). A threshold of 30% was the most selected cut-off value for elevated SDF by 33.7% of clinicians. Of respondents, 53.6% recommend SDF testing after 3 to 5 days of abstinence. Although 75.3% believe SDF testing can provide an explanation for many unknown causes of infertility, the main limiting factors selected by respondents are a lack of professional society guideline recommendations (62.7%) and an absence of globally accepted references for SDF interpretation (50.3%)., Conclusions: This study represents the largest global survey on the technical aspects of SDF testing as well as the barriers encountered by clinicians. Unified global recommendations regarding clinician implementation and standard laboratory interpretation of SDF testing are crucial., Competing Interests: The authors have nothing to disclose., (Copyright © 2024 Korean Society for Sexual Medicine and Andrology.)