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Purpose Materials and Methods Results Conclusions To evaluate the effects of repeated abutment manipulation on the prevalence of peri‐implant diseases.A total of 27 edentulous patients (n = 108 implants) immediately restored with double‐crown retained implant‐supported prostheses were identified for this retrospective study. The test included the one‐abutment, one‐time care concept (n = 18 patients, n = 72 implants, OAOT) and the control abutment replacement (n = 9 patients, n = 36 implants, AR). A mixed effects model regression was conducted for the variable diagnosis (healthy, peri‐implant mucositis, and peri‐implantitis) with predictors abutment replacement (presence/absence), number of abutment replacement, category of keratinized mucosa (KM) (2 < KM ≥2 mm), and radiographic bone loss (BL).After 3–15 years (mean 10.2 ± 2.8 years), the prevalence of peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis in patients in the AR group was 11.1% and 88.9%, corresponding to 22.2% and 55.6% at the implant level, respectively. In OAOT group, none of the implants showed peri‐implant mucositis, whereas the prevalence for peri‐implantitis at patient and implant level amounted to 5.6% and 5.6%, respectively. The increased number of abutment replacements was significantly associated with the increased probability to diagnose peri‐implant mucositis and peri‐implantitis (OR: 6.13; 95% CI [2.61, 14.39]) (p < 0.001), whereas the presence of keratinized mucosa was not founded as a significant cofounder. The estimated mean BL in AR group was 1.38 mm larger than in OAOT group (p = 0.0190).The OAOT concept was associated with a lower prevalence of peri‐implant diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of oral systemic antibiotic prophylaxis administered along with the surgical reconstructive peri-implantitis treatment., Methods: A total of 49 patients exhibiting 70 implants diagnosed with peri-implantitis underwent a surgical reconstructive peri-implantitis treatment. Of them, 27 patients (38 implants) received a single preoperative shot of antibiotics (2 g amoxicillin; Pre-op), 12 patients (19 implants) were prescribed with postoperative antibiotics for 3 days (500 mg amoxicillin, 3 x day, Post-op), and the remaining 10 patients (13 implants) did not receive any systemic antibiotics (No-Ab). Mean probing depth values (mean PDs; primary outcome), bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque (PI), suppuration (Sup), and deepest PDs values (max PD) were assessed prior to surgery (baseline), after 6 and 12 months. To assess the differences in changes in the clinical parameters, and disease resolution (PD ≤ 5 mm, ≤ 1 BOP site and no Sup) among the groups, logistic regression analyses were performed., Results: After 12 months, the mean PD reduction amounted to -1.74 ± 1.56 mm, -1.91 ± 1.88 mm, and -1.13 ± 1.05 mm in the No-Ab, Pre-op, and Post-op groups, respectively, with no significant difference detected among the groups. The BOP was reduced in 60%, 59.3%, and 83.3% of the patients after 12 months in the No-Ab, Pre-op, and Post-op groups, respectively, with no significant differences among them. The PI, Sup and max PD reductions were comparable among the groups. Disease resolution after 12 months was established in 61.5%, 73.7%, and 89.5% of patients in the No-Ab, Pre-op, and Post-op groups (No-Ab vs. Pre-op: p = 0.10, No-Ab vs. Post-op: p = 0.40, Pre-op vs. Post-op: p = 0.84)., Conclusion: Systemic antibiotic prophylaxis did not improve the clinical outcomes of surgical reconstructive peri-implantitis treatment., (© 2024 The Author(s). Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Aim: To compare three-dimensional changes of aporcine derived collagen matrix (CM) and free gingival grafts (FGG) for increasing keratinized tissue (KT) at dental implants over a 24-month follow-up period., Materials and Methods: This retrospective study enrolled 25 patients exhibiting 41 implants with deficient KT width (i.e., < 2 mm) who underwent soft tissue augmentation using either CM (11 patients/15 implants) or FGG (14 patients/26 implants). The primary outcome was tissue thickness change (mm) at treated implant sites between 1- (S0), 12- (S1), and 24-months (S2). Secondary outcome was the changes of KT width over a 24-month follow-up period., Results: Dimensional analyses from S0 to S1 and from S0 to S2 revealed a mean decrease in tissue thickness of -0.05 ± 0.35 mm and - 0.31 ± 0.41 mm in the CM group, and - 0.23 ± 0.38 mm and - 0.22 ± 0.81 mm in the FGG group, with no significant differences found between the groups (S0-S1: p = 0.14, S0-S2: p = 0.58). Within S1 and S2, the CM and FGG groups displayed comparable tissue thickness reduction (CM: -0.32 ± 0.53 mm, FGG: -0.02 ± 0.21 mm; p = 0.07). The FGG group exhibited a significantly greater KT gain 24-months compared to the CM group (CM: 1.50 ± 1.14 mm, FGG: 4.04 ± 1.65 mm; p < 0.001)., Conclusions: CM and FGG were associated with comparable three-dimensional thickness changes over a period of 24 months. A significantly wider KT band could be established in the FGG group., Competing Interests: Declarations Ethics approval The original study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Goethe University (No. 20–541). Consent for publication Not applicable. Competing interests The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Aim: To investigate the influence of lateral hard-tissue grafting performed simultaneously to implant placement on peri-implant health or disease., Materials and Methods: A total of 299 patients exhibiting 897 implants placed either simultaneously with lateral bone grafting using a bovine bone mineral with or without adjunctive native collagen membrane (n = 131/269 patients/implants; LatGr group) or at pristine bone sites without lateral bone grafting (n = 168/628 patients/implants; NoGr group) were enrolled in this cross-sectional analysis. Clinical outcomes (i.e., modified plaque index (mPI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), mucosal recession (MR)), keratinized mucosa (KM), and the frequency of peri-implant disease were evaluated. Univariate and multiple ordinal regression analyses with mixed effects were conducted to identify factors associated with peri-implant disease., Results: After a mean follow-up period of 59.47 ± 24.66 months, mPI, BOP, and KM values were significantly higher in the control group, whereas no difference between the groups was found for PD and MR. Peri-implantitis was diagnosed in 31.30% of patients and 13.4% of implants in the LatGr group, and in 32.74% of patients and 24.8% of implants in the NoGr group. The corresponding values for peri-implant mucositis at the patient and implant level in the LatGr and NoGr groups were 29.77% and 29.0%, and 26.19% and 28.5%, respectively. Implants of the LatGr group were associated with a significantly lower chance to be affected by peri-implant disease (OR = 0.69, 95%-CI: (-0.72, -0.03), p = 0.032). The presence of plaque at implant sites and smoking significantly correlated with peri-implant disease (OR = 2.92, 95%-CI: (2.11, 4.03), p < 0.001 and OR = 0.22; 95%-CI: (0.06, 0.84), p = 0.027, respectively)., Conclusions: Lateral hard-tissue grafting performed simultaneously with implant placement demonstrated comparable peri-implant tissue health to pristine bone sites without lateral bone grafting., (© 2024 The Author(s). Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Background: To compare and investigate the effects of intraoral ageing on the thickness of one group of directly printed and two groups of thermoformed aligners on the labial surface of maxillary central incisors., Materials and Methods: Six groups (12 samples per group) were included in this prospective in vivo experiment. Groups DP-Clin, INV-Clin and CA-Clin consisted of directly printed (Tera Harz TC-85 DAC resin), thermoformed (Invisalign, PU based polymer) and in house thermoformed (CA-Pro, PET-G based polymer) aligners, retrieved after 1 week of intraoral service. Groups DP-Ctr, INV-Ctr and CA-Ctr included unused aligners samples. Thickness measurements were conducted using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Data that underwent log-10 transformation was analysed by multiple linear regression analysis (p < .05)., Results: Statistically significant differences were found between the materials in both Clin and Ctr categories (p < .001). Group DP had the highest thickness among the groups and the least thickness was observed in the CA group (p < .001). However, intraoral ageing did not significantly affect the aligner thickness of any groups., Conclusions: Both thermoforming and direct printing of clear aligners led to thickness deviations in terms of increase for printed aligners and decrease for thermoformed aligners. Intraoral ageing did not affect the aligner thickness in any of the groups., (© 2024 The Author(s). Orthodontics & Craniofacial Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Background: Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) can quantify tissue biomechanics noninvasively, including pathological hepatic states like metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis., Purpose: To compare the performance of 2D/3D-MRE using the gravitational (GT) transducer concept with the current commercial acoustic (AC) solution utilizing a 2D-MRE approach. Additionally, quality index markers (QIs) were proposed to identify image pixels with sufficient quality for reliably estimating tissue biomechanics., Study Type: Prospective., Population: One hundred seventy participants with suspected or confirmed liver disease (median age, 57 years [interquartile range (IQR), 46-65]; 66 females), and 11 healthy volunteers (median age, 31 years [IQR, 27-34]; 5 females)., Field Strength/sequence: Participants were scanned twice at 1.5 T and 60 Hz vibration frequency: first, using AC-MRE (2D-MRE, spin-echo EPI sequence, 11 seconds breath-hold), and second, using GT-MRE (2D- and 3D-MRE, gradient-echo sequence, 14 seconds breath-hold)., Assessment: Image analysis was performed by four independent radiologists and one biomedical engineer. Additionally, superimposed analytic plane shear waves of known wavelength and attenuation at fixed shear modulus were used to propose pertinent QIs., Statistical Tests: Spearman's correlation coefficient (r) was applied to assess the correlation between modalities. Interreader reproducibility was evaluated using Bland-Altman bias and reproducibility coefficients. P-values <0.05 were considered statistically significant., Results: Liver stiffness quantified via GT-2D/3D correlated well with AC-2D (r ≥ 0.89 [95% CI: 0.85-0.92]) and histopathological grading (r ≥ 0.84 [95% CI: 0.72-0.91]), demonstrating excellent agreement in Bland-Altman plots and between readers (κ ≥ 0.86 [95% CI: 0.81-0.91]). However, GT-2D showed a bias in overestimating stiffness compared to GT-3D. Proposed QIs enabled the identification of pixels deviating beyond 10% from true stiffness based on a combination of total wave amplitude, temporal sinusoidal nonlinearity, and wave signal-to-noise ratio for GT-3D., Conclusion: GT-MRE represents an alternative to AC-MRE for noninvasive liver tissue characterization. Both GT-2D and 3D approaches correlated strongly with the established commercial approach, offering advanced capabilities in abdominal imaging compared to AC-MRE., Evidence Level: 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2., (© 2024 The Author(s). Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.)

Aim: To investigate whether a progressive marginal bone loss (PMBL) occurring beyond the initial bone remodeling (IBR) is linked with bleeding on probing., Materials and Methods: A total of 70 partially edentulous patients exhibiting 112 two-piece bone-level implants were included in this retrospective study. Panoramic radiographs were obtained after implant insertion (T0), after delivery of a final prosthetic restoration (T1) and subsequently during the 1-(T2), 5-(T3), 10-(T4), and 15-years (T5) follow-up visits. At each time point, radiographic marginal bone levels were assessed from the implant shoulder to the first bone-to-implant contact at mesial and distal aspects. The IBR was defined as a bone loss occurring up to prosthesis delivery, that is, from T0 to T1. The PMBL was defined as bone loss occurring after T1. At T2, T3, T4, and T5, the presence or absence of bleeding on probing (BOP) was recorded at four sites. A median regression with mixed models was performed to assess the difference of PMBL in PMBL + BOP + and PBML + BOP - groups., Results: Over the mean implant functioning time of 4.44 ± 4.91 years, 38 (34%) implants showed no PBML, whereas 74 (66%) implants featured PMBL. Of these, 35 (47%) and 39 (53%) implants were assigned to the PMBL + BOP - and PMBL + BOP + groups, respectively. The mean PMBL after 1, 5, 10, and 15 years were comparable between implants featuring PMBL with or without BOP. At 1 year, BOP intensity significantly correlated PMBL, with each increase in one BOP-positive site being associated with increase in PMBL by 0.55 mm (p = 0.038), whereas this association was not found at 5, 10, and 15 years. The IBR values in the no PBML, PMBL + BOP + , and PBML + BOP - groups were -0.24 ± 0.31, -0.41 ± 0.59, and -0.24 ± 0.33 mm, respectively, with no significant differences found among the groups., Conclusion: Progressive bone loss at implant sites is not always linked with bleeding on probing., (© 2024 The Author(s). Clinical Implant Dentistry and Related Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Objectives: Clinical data on all-ceramic screw-retained implant crowns (SICs) luted on titanium base abutments (TBAs) over more than 3 years are sparse. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical performance and potential risk factors for these restorations., Materials and Methods: Analysis took place based on the medical patient-records of three dental offices. Implant survival and prosthetic complications over time were evaluated. The study included SICs in premolar and molar regions made from monolithic lithium disilicate ceramic (M&#95;LiDi) or veneered zirconia (V&#95;ZiO) luted on a TBA documented over an observation time of at least 3 years. Survival and complication rates were calculated and compared by a log-rank test. Cox-Regressions were used to check potential predictors for the survival (p < .05)., Results: Six hundred and one crowns out of 371 patients met the inclusion criteria and follow-up period was between 3.0 and 12.9 (mean: 6.4 (SD: 2.1)) years. Over time, six implants had to be removed and 16 restorations had to be refabricated. The estimated survival rates over 10 years were 93.5% for M&#95;LiDi and 95.9% for V&#95;ZiO and did not differ significantly among each other (p = .80). However, V&#95;ZiO showed significantly higher complication rates (p = .003). Material selection, sex, age, and implant diameter did not affect the survival of investigated SICs but crown height influences significantly the survival rate (hazard ratio, HR = 1.26 (95%CI: 1.08, 1.49); p = .043)., Conclusions: Screw-retained SICs luted on TBAs that were fabricated from monolithic lithium disilicate ceramic or veneered zirconia showed reliable and similar survival rates. Increasing crown heights reduced survival over the years., (© 2024 The Authors. Clinical Oral Implants Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

Objective: Aim of this randomized clinical controlled trial was to evaluate the influence of fixed orthodontic steel retainers on gingival health and recessions of mandibular anterior teeth., Materials and Methods: After end of the orthodontic treatment, patients were randomly assigned into the test (fixed steel retainer) or control group (modified removable vacuum-formed retainer). Periodontal parameters (periodontal probing depth: PPD; recession: REC; bleeding on probing: BOP) as well as plaque and gingival index were assessed on mandibular anterior teeth directly before attaching/handing over the retainer (baseline: BL), 6 and 12 months after orthodontic treatment., Results: 37 patients (test: n = 15, mean age: 16.1±4.2 years; control: n = 17, mean age: 17.1±5.4 years) completed the study. REC and PPD failed to show significant pairwise differences. The number of patients showing gingival health in the area of the mandibular anterior teeth (test: BL n = 10, 6 months n = 9, 12 months n = 11; control: BL n = 10, 6 months n = 16, 12 months n = 15) revealed a significant difference for the intra-group comparison between BL and 6 months in the control group (p = 0.043). The inter-group comparisons failed to show significant differences., Conclusion: Young orthodontically treated patients with fixed steel retainers show in 73.3% healthy gingival conditions after one year which are comparable to the control group (88.2%). Gingival recessions were in a clinically non-relevant range at any time of the examination., Clinical Trial Number: DRKS00016710., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Introduction: Direct printing of clear aligners could be the next paradigm shift in modern orthodontics and can potentially overcome the limitation of the indirect production method. This study investigated the effects of 1 week of intraoral usage on the surface roughness parameters of directly printed aligners (DPAs) and commercially produced Invisalign aligners compared with their unused control counterparts using confocal laser scanning microscopy., Methods: The study consisted of 4 groups with 34 samples per group. Unused control aligners were allocated to the control groups (DP-Ctr and INV-Ctr). Sixty-eight patients undergoing clear aligner therapy were allocated to group DP-Clin (patients in therapy using DPAs made from TC-85 DAC resin) and group INV-Clin (patients provided with Invisalign aligners). After 1 week of intraoral usage, the aligners were retrieved from the patients in groups DP-Clin and INV-Clin. Samples were made from the buccal surface of the maxillary right central incisor of each aligner and underwent surface roughness and porosity measuring using confocal laser scanning microscopy. The arithmetic mean deviation of the profile, root mean square deviation, maximum peak height, maximum valley depth, maximum height difference among the highest peak and deepest valley, void volume, and void count were measured. Descriptive analysis and median (quantile) regression models were used for data analysis of this experiment., Results: One week of intraoral usage significantly increased the surface roughness and porosity of DPAs. In contrast, a significant reduction in the surface roughness and porosity parameters of Invisalign aligners was recorded after intraoral service., Conclusions: This study suggests an increase in the surface roughness and surface porosity of DPAs following 1 week of intraoral usage, which might lead to an increase in bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation in these aligners., (Copyright © 2023 American Association of Orthodontists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)