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Interculturally, corrosion has been counted as one of the most expensive factors toward the retrogression of concrete and metallic structures resulting in huge monetary losses and unanticipated loss of life. To a large extent, corrosion-related catastrophes can be avoided by having the ability to monitor corrosion before structural integrity is jeopardized. This paper critically reviews the various accustomed electrochemical techniques utilized for corrosion monitoring in terms of their definition, timeline, experimental set-up, advantages, and shortcomings. Additionally, literature exploiting these techniques as their corrosion detection technique has been focused on here. Furthermore, a comparison between recently reported methods has been made to provide better insights into the research progress in this arena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • PA-CDs was prepared by the biomass phytic acid for OH− and H+ monitoring. • Formation, fluorescence mechanism and properties of PA-CDs were discussed in detail. • Response mechanism to OH−/H+ was due to the aggregation and re-dispersion of PA-CDs. • PA-CDs was loaded into starch/PVA film for OH− and H+ monitoring in corrosion. Metal corrosion has caused serious waste of resources and materials, and also caused great pollution to the environment. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop a green, fast, and simple method for corrosion sensing. Herein, a phytic acid carbon dots (PA-CDs) based green "off–on" fluorescence sensor was developed for OH− and H+ detection in metal corrosion. The fluorescence of PA-CDs gradually turned off as the concentration of OH− increased from 20 to 340 μmol/L, while its fluorescence was turned on with the addition of 60 ∼ 230 μmol/L of H+ under ultrasonic treatment. This can be utilized for the detection of OH− and H+, with estimated limits of detection at 7.33 μmol/L and 20.34 μmol/L, respectively. The "off-on" behavior of PA-CDs towards the corrosion species OH− and H+ can be attributed to its enhanced aggregation and disaggregation, which are induced by the deprotonation and protonation of the −H 2 PO 4 functional groups. The PA-CDs were loaded onto the film and subsequently employed for Q235 steel packaging. The results revealed that the as-proposed green fluorescence "turn-off" phenomenon can be visually observed after the onset of corrosion on the steel sheet, thereby demonstrating the potential application of PA-CDs film for early-stage corrosion monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]