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First brought to the United States in the nineteenth century by Chinese and Japanese immigrants, Buddhism has become a major feature of the North American religious, cultural, and social landscape. Nearly every form of Asian Buddhism has some presence in North America in addition to a variety of Buddhist “convert” communities, hybrid communities, and “secular” Buddhist networks. Buddhist-derived practices such as mindfulness meditation have been deployed in health care and educational settings, the military, and the business sector. The Oxford Handbook of American Buddhism guides readers through the rich terrain of American Buddhism, illuminating the diversity of Buddhist communities and identities, exploring the innovations that have emerged from the cross-fertilization of Buddhism and American culture, and extending the theoretical and methodological boundaries that have shaped the study of American Buddhism. The Handbook is organized into four parts: Foundations, Traditions, Practices, and Frames. The essays in this volume both build upon and go beyond previous scholarship, reexamining foundational topics while recovering neglected histories, centering marginalized identities, and analyzing the intersections between Buddhist practice and scholarship.

Venedig und seine Handelsniederlassungen („Fondaci“) in Ägypten und in der Levante stellten bedeutende Kontaktzonen interkultureller Begegnungs- und Transferprozesse dar, in denen nicht nur Waren ausgetauscht wurden, sondern auch Informationen über religiöse und politische Grenzen hinweg zirkulierten. Als „go-betweens“ leisteten die an diesen „Fondaci“ tätigen Ärzte („medici di condotta“) einen wichtigen Beitrag zu den Begegnungsprozessen zwischen Europa und der islamischen Welt. Aufgrund ihrer vielfältigen Interessen sind die Druckwerke, Tagebücher und Briefe der „medici di condotta“ wertvolle Quellen, die sowohl den Wissenszuwachs in der Frühen Neuzeit eindrücklich vor Augen führen als auch christlich-muslimische Kulturkontakte in einer Zeit des Wandels dokumentieren.

Geopolitics of Global Catholicism uncovers the key trends in today's Catholicism, providing an incisive analysis of its deep entanglement with national, regional, as well as global politics.This book offers an exciting exploration of five versions of local Catholicism(s) and sheds light on the various theo-political constellations that not only differ widely across these national contexts but also have global geopolitical consequences. It is built around a novel theoretical argument showing that Catholic geopolitics contains not only a spatial dimension (as classic geopolitical studies would have it) but also a temporal one. As a consequence, the Catholic role in the world cannot be simply understood as a result of the spatial expansion of the Church but rather as a result of the complex relationships between Catholicism and colonization, inculturation, backwardness, and modernization(s). To counter the lingering Eurocentrism of most studies of the Catholic Church, this book's case studies explore Catholic geopolitics in five non-European contexts, focusing mainly on the Global South (plus the United States): Latin America (Brazil), North America (the United States), Asia (India and China), and Africa (the Democratic Republic of the Congo). These case studies also show that the successes and failures of Catholicism cannot be explained by a recourse to a single, top-down interpretation of Catholic geopolitics, but rather by exploring the various Catholic spatio-temporal constellations on the global, regional, and local levels. With the accelerating diversification of the Church and the growing role of the Global South, these local and regional influences gain further importance as they are likely to increasingly define the future of Catholicism.This book will be of utmost interest to scholars of International Relations, Religious Studies, Political Science, and Theology, as well as Geopolitics, especially to those studying the global rise of religion. Its accessible language will also appeal to the wider public beyond academia, especially those interested in global Christianity, as well as church leaders, and members of Catholic organizations.

The Oxford Handbook of Foreign Policy Analysis repositions the subfield of Foreign Policy Analysis (FPA) to a central analytic location within the study of International Relations (IR). Over the last twenty years, IR has seen a cross-theoretical turn toward incorporating domestic politics, decision-making, agency, practices, and subjectivity - the staples of the FPA subfield. This turn, however, is underdeveloped theoretically, empirically, and methodologically. To reconnect FPA and IR research, this handbook links FPA to other theoretical traditions in IR, takes FPA to a wider range of state and non-state actors, and connects FPA to significant policy challenges and debates. By advancing FPA along these trajectories, the handbook directly addresses enduring criticisms of FPA, including that it is isolated within IR, it is state-centric, its policy relevance is not always clear, and its theoretical foundations and methodological techniques are stale. The Oxford Handbook of Foreign Policy Analysis provides an inclusive and forward-looking assessment of this subfield. Edited and written by a team of word-class scholars and with a preface by Margaret Hermann and Stephen Walker, the handbook sets the agenda for future research in FPA and in IR. The Oxford Handbooks of International Relations is a twelve-volume set of reference books offering authoritative and innovative engagements with the principal sub-fields of International Relations. The series as a whole is under the General Editorship of Christian Reus-Smit of the University of Queensland and Duncan Snidal of the University of Oxford, with each volume edited by specialists in the field. The series both surveys the broad terrain of International Relations scholarship and reshapes it, pushing each sub-field in challenging new directions. Following the example of Reus-Smit and Snidal's original Oxford Handbook of International Relations, each volume is organized around a strong central thematic by scholars drawn from different perspectives, reading its sub-field in an entirely new way, and pushing scholarship in challenging new directions.

Emotions and Architecture: Forging Mediterranean Cities Between the Middle Ages and Early Modern Time explores architecture as a medium to arouse or conceal emotions, to build consensus through shared values, or to reconnect the urban community to its alleged ancestry.The chapters in this edited collection outline how architectonic symbols, images, and structures were codified – and sometimes recast – to match or to arouse emotions awakened by wars, political dominance, pandemic challenges, and religion. As signs of spiritual and political power, these elements were embraced and modulated locally, providing an endorsement to authorities and rituals for the community. This volume provides an overview of the phenomenon across the Italian region, stressing the transnationality of selected symbols and their various declinations in local contexts. It deepens the issue of refitting symbols, artworks, and structures to arouse emotions by carefully analysing specific cases, such as the Septizodium in Rome, the Holy House of Loreto in Venice, and the reconstruction of L'Aquila. The collection, through its variegated contributions, offers a comprehensive view of the phenomenon: exploring the issue from political, social, religious, and public health perspectives, and seeking to propose a new definition of architecture as a visual emotional language. Together, the chapters show how the representation of virtues and emotions through architecture was part of a symbolic practice shared by many across the Italian context.This book will be of interest to researchers and students studying architectural history, the history of emotions, and the history of art.

A groundbreaking and richly illustrated account of the importance of Manet's family to his artAll families are complicated, but the family of Édouard Manet (1832–1883) was more complicated than most. The artist married a piano teacher who worked for his wealthy parents. Her son, born out of wedlock, may have been Édouard's, his father's, or another man's. For all its complexities, Manet's family fueled his creativity. They were his most frequent models, and supported him emotionally and financially. Manet: A Model Family is an innovative new exploration of the largely neglected story of the importance of Manet's family to his art.Presenting new research on works in which Manet depicted family members, Manet: A Model Family shows how an understanding of the artist's family sheds crucial light on his artistic career. Manet's mother, wife, stepson, and other relatives—including his sister-in-law, the painter Berthe Morisot—are given long overdue recognition for their roles in Manet's life and work. Leading scholars present technical and archival analysis, including redating Madame Auguste Manet, an important, newly conserved painting of Manet's mother. In an essay inspired by that canvas, Pulitzer Prize–winning critic Hilton Als reconsiders Manet's formative relationship with his mother and his bourgeois Parisian roots.With its original account of Manet's domestic relationships and personal life, Manet: A Model Family humanizes the artist and his contributions to the birth of modernism.Published in association with the Isabella Stewart Gardner MuseumExhibition ScheduleIsabella Stewart Gardner Museum, BostonOctober 10, 2024–January 20, 2025

This book is the first introduction to Western art that not only considers how choice of materials can impact form, but also how objects in different media can alter in appearance over time, and the role of conservators in the preservation of our cultural heritage.The first four chapters cover wall and easel paintings, sculpture, drawings, and prints, from the late Middle Ages to the present day. They examine, with numerous examples, how these works have been produced, how they might have been transformed, and how efforts regarding their preservation can sometimes be misleading or result in controversy. The final two chapters look at how photography, new techniques, and modern materials prompted innovative ways of creating art in the twentieth century, and how the rapid expansion of technology in the twenty-first century has led to a revolution in how artworks are constructed and seen, generating specific challenges for collectors, curators, and conservators alike.This book is primarily directed at undergraduates interested in art history, museum studies, and conservation, but will also be of interest to a more general non-specialist audience.

A biography of the American painter Ralph W. Curtis (1854–1922), of the Boston family who bought the Palazzo Barbaro on the Grand Canal in Venice in 1885. After graduating at Harvard, Curtis moved to Paris to study art with Carolus Duran, where he met his distant cousin John S. Sargent, with whom he travelled to Holland to see Frans Hals's paintings. He exhibited at the Paris salons, at the Royal Academy of Arts in London, and at the Venice Biennale in the 1880s. At Palazzo Barbaro he met Robert Browning and Henry James as well as Venetian painters such as Ettore Tito and Antonio Mancini. He travelled widely, even to Japan and India. His works cab be found in American Museums and private collections. This is a revised and enlarged edition of Ralph W. Curtis: un pittore americano a Venezia. Venice: Supernova Edizioni, 2019.

At once collector, botanist, reader, artist, and patron, Agnes Block is best described as a cultural producer. A member of an influential network in her lifetime, today she remains a largely obscure figure. The socioeconomic and political barriers faced by early modern women, together with a male-dominated tradition in art history, have meant that too few stories of women's roles in the creation, production, and consumption of art have reached us. This book seeks to write Block and her contributions into the art and cultural history of the seventeenth-century Netherlands, highlighting the need for and advantages of a multifaceted approach to research on early modern women. Examining Block's achievements, relationships, and objects reveals a woman who was independent, knowledgeable, self-aware, and not above self-promotion. Though her gender brought few opportunities and many barriers, Agnes Block succeeded in fashioning herself as Flora Batava, a liefhebber at the intersection of art and science.

This book discusses theoretical perspectives of analyzing the relations between the states and non-state actors in the Horn of Africa and their counterparts in the Persian Gulf and the Middle East. Crucially, these relations are examined primarily from the perspective of the diplomatic, economic, and strategic agency of the African states and societal actors. Here, domestic political dynamics and local power play a significant role. Aleksi Ylönen provides a historically informed investigation of recent relations that involve the Gulf States and Türkiye's resurgent interest in the Horn Africa. The analysis focuses on the post-Arab Spring period following the Iran nuclear deal and the war in Yemen. Featuring case studies from Ethiopia, Somalia, and Eritrea which highlight engagements of the Horn state and societal actors primarily with the Gulf States and Türkiye, the study provides an empirical analysis of the interactions and connections between the two regions.

Neu ins Deutsche übersetzt von Victoria Lorini sowie von Hana Gründler (Sogliani, Morto da Feltre und Andrea di Cosimo Feltrini, Ridolfo, Davit und Benedetto Ghirlandaio) und Katja Burzer (Fra Giocondo, Liberale und andere Veroneser Künstler). Herausgegeben, kommentiert und eingeleitet von Katja Burzer (Raffaellino del Garbo, Simone Mosca), Sabine Feser (Domenico Puligo, Francia Bigio, Francesco Granacci, Marcantonio Raimondi und andere Holzschnitzer und Kupferstecher, Giovanni Antonio Lapoli, Niccolò Soggi, Giuliano Bugiardini, Francesco Primaticcio), Hana Gründler (Sogliani, Morto da Feltre und Andrea di Cosimo Feltrini, Ridolfo, Davit und Benedetto Ghirlandaio), Berthold Hub (Cronaca), Christina Irlenbusch (Lorenzo di Credi, Alfonso Lombardi, Michelangelo da Siena, Girolamo Santacroce und die Dossi, Pordenone und andere Maler des Friaul, Girolamo da Treviso, Bagnacavallo und andere Maler der Romagna, Girolamo und Bartolomeo Genga, Benedetto Garofalo und Girolamo da Carpi, Battista Franco, Leone Leoni, Italienische und flämische Künstler), Daniel Mädler (Marco Calabrese [mit Sabine Feser]), Christina Posselt-Kuhli (Fra Giocondo, Liberale und andere Veroneser Künstler) und Kim Westphal (Baccio d'Agnolo; Einleitung: Mauro Mussolin).

Ravi Dutt Bajpai examines some of the pivotal episodes in the modern history of China and India to argue that their behaviours reflect the self-identity of a civilization-state. The book starts from the progression of China and India into putatively modern polities during the colonial period, as the two indigenous societies imagined their national identities and nationalist aspirations primarily by contrasting their civilizational attributes with the Western colonial occupiers. As newly independent nation-states, both believed that their international status flowed from their civilizational glories. Therefore, despite their material and institutional fragility, China and India decided to pursue complete autonomy to manage their domestic and foreign affairs. Indian Prime Minister Nehru's policy of non-alignment, envisioning an alternate world order beyond the great power competition, was inspired by Indian civilizational ethos. The book also examines the Sino-Indian war of 1962 from a civilization-state perspective and argues that Tibet represented a conflict of civilizational influence.Chapters also explore some of the more recent developments, such as the Indian nuclear test of 1998, China's ambitious Belt and Road (BRI) infrastructure project aimed at reviving the ancient Silk Road, and India's campaign to regain its civilizational status of Vishwa Guru, as the continued manifestations of the two civilization-states endeavouring to regain their past glories in the contemporary world.

Nicaragua Must Survive tells the story of the Sandinistas'innovative diplomatic campaign, which captured the imaginations of people around the globe and transformed Nicaraguan history at the tail end of the Cold War. The Sandinistas'diplomacy went far beyond elite politics, as thousands of musicians, politicians, teachers, activists, priests, feminists, and journalists flocked to the country to experience the revolution firsthand. Drawing on extensive archival research and interviews, Eline van Ommen reveals the role that Western Europe played in Nicaragua's revolutionary diplomacy. Blending grassroots organizing and formal foreign policy, pragmatic guerrillas, creative diplomats, and ambitious activists from Europe and the Americas were able to create an international environment in which the Sandinista Revolution could survive despite the odds. Nicaragua Must Survive argues that this diplomacy was remarkably effective, propelling Nicaragua into the global limelight and allowing the revolutionaries to successfully challenge the United States'role in Central America.

Singapore is renowned for the delightful cuisines that can be found in its hawker centres. Travellers herald from across the globe simply to taste dishes like chicken rice, laksa, and chilli crab. In 2020,'Hawker Culture in Singapore'was selected to be on the UNESCO Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, a firm acknowledgement towards the impact and influence of hawking in Singapore's history. Less widely known is this—though now synonymous with Singaporean culture, the fate of hawking once hung in the balance.From Streets to Stalls traces the longue-durée history of hawking in Singapore and how it has evolved. This book highlights the challenges hawkers had to overcome before achieving their celebrated status in Singapore and around the world. It also delves into the policies implemented to enact hawker reform and regulation, and explores how hawker centres have been transformed into essential third spaces that promote social mingling and support Singapore's founding principles of multiculturalism.Taking readers through time, From Streets to Stalls investigates the origins of hawking in ninth-century Singapore and ends with a commentary on the present-day sociocultural importance that it retains.

Krieg, politische Gewalt und Frieden stellen zentrale Themen der internationalen Politik dar. Elementar geht es darum, ersteres zu verhindern und letzteres zu befördern. Vor diesem Hintergrund reflektiert das Handbuch die Rolle, die der Religion in Konflikten und Friedensprozessen zukommt. Mit seinen insgesamt fast 100 Beiträgen von Autorinnen und Autoren verschiedener Fachdisziplinen bietet es eine umfassende, systematische Übersicht zu diesem Themenfeld. Ausgehend von drei zentralen Kategorien – Recht, Gewalt und Frieden – erfolgt eine differenzierte Sicht auf verschiedene religiöse Traditionen. In die Betrachtung einbezogen wurden die abrahamitischen Religionen Judentum, Christentum und Islam, die dharmischen Religionen Hinduismus und Buddhismus sowie der Daoismus und Konfuzianismus als die vorherrschenden Orientierungen im sinischen Kulturkreis.

This book examines Israel's civil-military relations (CMR) in order to explore alternatives to orthodox Western models of security sector reform (SSR) in post-conflict societies.This book argues that the guidelines of SSR have always tended to draw on theoretical work in the field of CMR and focus too heavily on Western, liberal democratic models of governance. Consequently, reform programs based on these guidelines, and intended for use in post-conflict and conflict-affected states, have had, at best, mixed results. The book challenges the necessity for this over-reliance on traditional Western liberal democratic solutions and instead advocates an alternative approach. It proposes that by drawing on an unconventional CMR model, that in turn references the specific context and cultural background of the particular state being subject to reform, there is a significantly higher chance of success. Drawing on a case study of Israel's CMR, the author seeks to provide practical assistance to those working in this area and considers the question of how this unorthodox CMR model might usefully inform post-conflict and conflict-affected SSR programmes.This book will be of interest to students of military studies, security studies, Israeli politics, and International Relations.

This book examines Jacob van Ruisdael's treatment of five subjects—dunes, grainfields, ruins, rushing water, and woodlands—that recur throughout his career. The paintings, though fictive, show close attention to the complexities of particular environments that can be fruitfully considered “ecological.” The pattern of Ruisdael's reworking each environment and associated phenomena shows him as laboring over these themes. His work across media conveys something of his demanding and methodical procedure as he sought to achieve pictorially the force, temporality, vitality, and motion of nature. Ruisdael's paintings decenter humankind within familiar yet reimagined landscapes. His ability to depict nature's dynamism provided an alternative vision at a foundational moment when landscape, increasingly manipulated and controlled, was most often considered property and investment. His focus on the techniques and processes of his own work to render these entities was essential to his ecological perspective and invites a similar recognition from an attentive viewer.

Computerlinguistische Methoden durchdringen unseren Alltag, etwa in Form von Suchmaschinen und Chatbots. Aber auch für die geisteswissenschaftliche Textanalyse bieten sie große Potenziale, die unter anderem in den Digital Humanities erschlossen werden. Der Band bietet eine niedrigschwellige Einführung in die Computerlinguistik für Geisteswissenschaftler:innen, ohne Erfahrungen mit Mathematik oder Programmieren vorauszusetzen. Es wird gezeigt, wie distributionelle Semantik, Sentimentanalyse, Named Entity Recognition, manuelle Annotation, maschinelles Lernen und Co. neue Zugänge zu Texten eröffnen und wie diese Methoden gewinnbringend für geisteswissenschaftliche Fragestellungen eingesetzt werden können. Alle Kapitel werden von Übungen und einem digitalen Anhang mit Musterlösungen und Beispielskripten in Python begleitet. Vom theoretischen Fundament bis zu den Werkzeugen für die praktische Umsetzung vermittelt der Band alle Grundlagen für den Einstieg in dieses spannende interdisziplinäre Forschungsfeld.

A COMPANION TO THE GLOBAL RENAISSANCE An innovative collection of original essays providing an expansive picture of globalization across the early modern world, now in its second editionA Companion to the Global Renaissance: Literature and Culture in the Era of Expansion, 1500–1700, Second Edition provides readers with a deeper and more nuanced understanding of both macro and micro perspectives on the commercial and cross-cultural interactions of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Covering a uniquely broad range of literary and cultural materials, historical contexts, and geographical regions, the Companion's varied chapters offer interdisciplinary perspectives on the implications of early modern concepts of commerce, material and artistic culture, sexual and cross-racial encounters, conquest and enslavement, social, artistic, and religious cross-pollinations, geographical “discoveries,” and more.Building upon the success of its predecessor, this second edition of A Companion to the Global Renaissance radically extends its scope by moving beyond England and English culture. Newly-commissioned essays investigate intercultural and intra-cultural exchanges, transactions, and encounters involving England, European powers, Eastern kingdoms, Africa, Islamic empires, and the Americas, within cross-disciplinary frameworks. Offering a complex and multifaceted view of early modern globalization, this new edition:Demonstrates the continuing global “turn” in Early Modern Studies through original essays exploring interconnected exchanges, transactions, and encountersProvides significantly expanded coverage of global interactions involving England, European powers such as Portugal, Spain, and The Netherlands, Eastern empires such as Japan, and the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empiresIncludes a Preface and Afterword, as well as a revised and expanded Introduction summarizing the evolving field of Global Early Modern Studies and describing the motifs and methodologies informing the essays within the volumeExplores an array of new subjects, including an exceptional woman traveler in Eurasia, the Jesuit presence in Mughal India and sixteenth-century Japan, the influence of Mughal art on an Amsterdam painter-cum-poet, the cultural impact of Eastern trade on plays and entertainments in early modern London, Safavid cultural disseminations, English and Portuguese slaving practices, the global contexts of English pattern poetry, and global lyric transmissions across culturesA wide-ranging account of the global expansions and interactions of the period, A Companion to the Global Renaissance: Literature and Culture in the Era of Expansion, 1500–1700, Second Edition remains essential reading for early modern scholars and students ranging from undergraduate and graduate students to more advanced scholars and specialists in the field.