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In order to address the issue of food contamination by microorganisms and effectively harness the antibacterial properties of nisin, we attempted to incorporate nisin into natural polymer films while addressing its inherent instability. An antibacterial food packaging film based on carboxymethyl chitosan (CCS) binding with L-cysteine (CYS) and oxidized konjac glucomannan (OKG) was developed through both Schiff base reaction and addition reaction of thiol aldehyde. To analyze the effect of addition reaction of thiol aldehyde on the CCS-CYS/OKG films' physicochemical properties, the CCS-CYS was prepared with different CYS combination rates, which were further used to fabricate composite films. It is found that the incorporation of CYS improved the mechanical properties of CCS-CYS/OKG films and facilitated the formation of a denser network structure. The incorporation of CYS also enhanced the film's ultraviolet barrier property, swelling behaviors, as well as loading and release capacity of nisin. As the CYS binding rate of 22.76 %, the CCS-CYS(2)/OKG film exhibited an efficient loading capacity for nisin at 91.53 % with a sustained release over 240 min. Kinetic model analysis revealed that nisin was released through non-Fickian diffusion, mainly driven by gradient concentration and osmotic pressure. Furthermore, the CCS-CYS(2)/OKG-nisin film also displayed significant antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with an inhibition zone diameter of 22.63 mm at 10 h, thereby, that was also successfully employed for salmon preservation., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a significant member of the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) family. The bFGF has a three-dimensional structure comprising 12 reverse parallel β-folds. This structure facilitates tissue wound repair, angiogenesis, bone formation, cartilage repair, and nerve regeneration. Consequently, it has garnered significant attention from scholars both domestically and internationally. However, the instability and degradation properties of bFGF in vivo have limited its clinical application. Significant interest has arisen in the development of novel bFGF delivery systems that can address the shortcomings of bFGF and enhance its bioavailability by controlling the release amount, timing, and location. This article offers a comprehensive overview of the research and recent advances in various bFGF delivery systems, including hydrogels, liposomes, microspheres, and nanoparticles. Subsequently, the applications of bFGF pharmaceutical preparations in various fields are described. Finally, the current clinical applications of bFGF drug formulations and those in clinical trials are discussed, along with their clinical translation and future trends., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)