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Courtship interactions are remarkably diverse in form and complexity among species. How neural circuits evolve to encode new behaviors that are functionally integrated into these dynamic social interactions is unknown. Here we report a recently originated female sexual behavior in the island endemic Drosophila species D. santomea, where females signal receptivity to male courtship songs by spreading their wings, which in turn promotes prolonged songs in courting males. Copulation success depends on this female signal and correlates with males' ability to adjust his singing in such a social feedback loop. Functional comparison of sexual circuitry across species suggests that a pair of descending neurons, which integrates male song stimuli and female internal state to control a conserved female abdominal behavior, drives wing spreading in D. santomea. This co-option occurred through the refinement of a pre-existing, plastic circuit that can be optogenetically activated in an outgroup species. Combined, our results show that the ancestral potential of a socially-tuned key circuit node to engage the wing motor circuit facilitates the expression of a new female behavior in appropriate sensory and motivational contexts. More broadly, our work provides insights into the evolution of social behaviors, particularly female behaviors, and the underlying neural mechanisms., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Japanese encephalitis (JE), a mosquito-borne zoonotic disease caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), poses a serious threat to global public health. The low viremia levels typical in JEV infections make RNA detection challenging, necessitating early and rapid diagnostic methods for effective control and prevention. This study introduces a novel one-pot detection method that combines recombinant enzyme polymerase isothermal amplification (RPA) with CRISPR/EsCas13d targeting, providing visual fluorescence and lateral flow assay (LFA) results. Our portable one-pot RPA-EsCas13d platform can detect as few as two copies of JEV nucleic acid within 1 h, without cross-reactivity with other pathogens. Validation against clinical samples showed 100 % concordance with real-time PCR results, underscoring the method's simplicity, sensitivity, and specificity. This efficacy confirms the platform's suitability as a novel point-of-care testing (POCT) solution for detecting and monitoring the JE virus in clinical and vector samples, especially valuable in remote and resource-limited settings., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

As the forefront of implementing China's "Yellow River Major National Strategy," the lower Yellow River area has caused irreversible "constructive destruction" to the regional natural ecosystem and ecological functions while accelerating the process of urbanization and has become an area of sharp contradiction between ecological protection and high-quality development of the river basin. Therefore, based on ArcGIS and MATLAB software, this study used the InVEST and RUSLE models to quantitatively assess water yield, habitat quality, and soil conservation services of the lower Yellow River Region from 1990 to 2020 and analyzed the spatial and temporal characteristics and their interaction relationships of various ecosystem services. The results showed that： ① In the period from 1990 to 2020, the land urbanization process accelerated significantly, with the expansion of construction land increasing by 39.89%, whereas the area of other major land types had declined to varying degrees. ② From 1990 to 2020, the distribution patterns on the county scale and grid-scale in the lower Yellow River Region were relatively consistent. The water yield and soil conservation experienced a changing trend of first decreasing and then increasing, and the spatial distribution pattern of water yield gradually shifted to more in the east and less in the west. The spatial distribution patterns of soil conservation and habitat quality remained unchanged throughout the period, with the high values distributed in the hilly or mountainous regions of the higher terrain and the low values mainly in the plains of the gentle terrain. ③ At both the grid scale and county scale, the interaction relationships between various ecosystem services had been dominated by synergy and showed significant spatial heterogeneity. Especially at the county level, strong trade-offs were occurring in a few counties. For example, the relationship between water yields and habitat quality was a significant and strong trade-off between Weishan County and Huaiyin District. The study quantified the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of ecosystem services in the lower Yellow River Region and clarified the trade-off synergistic relationships between ecosystem services, which can provide a scientific basis for ecological protection and watershed management under the rapid urbanization process.

Purpose: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the safety of outpatient and inpatient Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty (UKA) based on the incidence of adverse events., Method: A systematic search of the literature was performed in October 2022 on PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane library, and Embase. The Meta package for R was used to perform the meta-analysis., Result: Five studies with a total of 26,301 patients were included. 5813 patients (22.1%) were treated with outpatient UKA, and 20,488 patients (77.9%) were treated with inpatient UKA. There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of total complications (RR = 1.36, 95% CI = 0.64-2.89, Z = 0.79, P = 0.43), readmission (RR = 1.02, 95% CI = 0.40-2.60, Z = 0.05, P = 0.96), and venous thrombosis (RR = 1.43, 95% CI = 0.96-2.11, Z = 1.78, P = 0.08). Incidence rates were lower in outpatient UKA regarding urinary tract infection (RR = 1.48, 95% CI = 1.07-2.04, Z = 2.40, P = 0.02), pulmonary embolus (RR = 7.48, 95% CI = 1.80-31.17, Z = 2.76, P < 0.01), and transfusion (RR = 2.77, 95% CI = 1.63-4.71, Z = 3.78, P < 0.01)., Conclusion: In summary, outpatient UKA shows lower incidences of hospital-acquired complications such urinary tract infection, pulmonary embolus, and transfusion. It's worth noting that the incidences of total complications, readmission, and venous thrombosis in outpatient UKA were not higher than the incidences of inpatient UKA, suggestting that outpatient UKA can be considered a safe alternative to inpatient UKA., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Citrus huanglongbing (HLB) is a devastating disease caused by Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) that affects the citrus industry. In nature, CLas relies primarily on Diaphorina citri Kuwayama as its vector for dissemination. After D. citri ingests CLas-infected citrus, the pathogen infiltrates the insect's body, where it thrives, reproduces, and exerts regulatory control over the growth and metabolism of D. citri. Previous studies have shown that CLas alters the composition of proteins in the saliva of D. citri, but the functions of these proteins remain largely unknown., Results: In this study, we detected two proteins (DcitSGP1 and DcitSGP3) with high expression levels in CLas-infected D. citri. Quantitative PCR and Western blotting analysis showed that the two proteins were highly expressed in the salivary glands and delivered into the host plant during feeding. Silencing the two genes significantly decreased the survival rate for D. citri, reduced phloem nutrition sucking and promoted jasmonic acid (JA) defenses in citrus. By contrast, after overexpressing the two genes in citrus, the expression levels of JA pathway-associated genes decreased., Conclusion: Our results suggest that CLas can indirectly suppress the defenses of citrus and support feeding by D. citri via increasing the levels of effectors in the insect's saliva. This discovery facilitates further research into the interaction between insect vectors and pathogens. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry., (© 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.)

Objectives: To investigate the effects and mechanism of curculigoside against poststroke depression (PSD)., Methods: In vivo, a PSD rat model was created by combining bilateral common carotid artery occlusion and chronic unpredictable mild stress stimulations. After 4-week modeling and intragastrically administration of curculigoside, the effects of curculigoside on behavior, hippocampal neurogenesis, and hippocampal mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos) were investigated. In vitro, PSD-like primary neural stem cells (NSCs) model was established by oxygen-glucose deprivation/recovery (OGD/R) combing high-corticosterone (CORT) concentration, followed by treatment with curculigoside. The investigation subsequently examined the impact of curculigoside on mitochondrial OxPhos, proliferation, and differentiation of NSCs under OGD/R + CORT conditions., Key Findings: In vivo, PSD rats showed significantly depressive behaviors, dysfunctional neurogenesis in hippocampus, as well as decreased hippocampus adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels, reduced electron transport chain complexes activity, and downregulates mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) and PPAR-gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1α) expression in hippocampus. In vitro, OGD/R +CORT significantly injured the proliferation and differentiation, as well as impaired the mitochondrial OxPhos in NSCs. Curculigoside treatment was effective in improving these abnormal changes., Conclusion: Curculigoside may repair hippocampal neurogenesis in PSD rats by enhancing hippocampal mitochondrial OxPhos, and has shown a great potential for anti-PSD., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Pharmaceutical Society. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)

We established a mixed-effects model incorporating climatic factors for the base diameter and length of the primary branches of Larix kaempferi using stepwise regression, based on climatic data from a total of 40 standard plots located in Xiaolongshan, Gansu Province, Changlinggang Forest Farm in Jianshi County, Hubei Province, and Dagujia Forest Farm in Qingyuan County, Liaoning Province, as well as the data from 120 L. kaempferi sample trees. Additionally, we created prediction charts for the fixed effects portion of the optimal mixed model to determine the relationship between climatic factors and base diameter and branch length, to explore the differential response of L. kaempferi branches to climatic variables. The results showed that the base diameter mixing model with annual mean temperature and water vapor deficit and the branch length mixing model with annual mean temperature had the best fitting effect, with R 2 of 0.6152 and 0.6823, respectively. Based on the fixed effects prediction chart of the mixed model, the overall basal diameter showed an increasing trend with the increases of relative branch depth. The average basal diameter size was in an order of young-aged plantation

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of medial open wedge high tibial osteotomy (MOWHTO) combined with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction in the treatment of varus knee osteoarthritis (OA) with ACL injury. Methods: A follow-up study. The study retrospectively analyzed the patients underwent MOWHTO combined with ACL reconstruction for treatment of varus knee OA with ACL injury in Tianjin Hospital between April 2018 and September 2022. The preoperative and postoperative posterior slope angle (PSA), hip-knee-ankle angle (HKA), visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores, Lysholm score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) score, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) score, and Tegner score were compared. The follow-up indicators were recorded at 6 weeks, 3 months and 1 year after operation, and the complications were recorded. Results: The study included 32 patients (23 males, 9 females) with a mean age of (50.7±8.4) years. The mean follow-up time was (21.2±4.8) months. PSA increased from 9.2°±1.8° preoperatively to 11.1°±2.4° postoperatively, and HKA increased from 168.7°±2.2° to 181.5°±2.2° (both P <0.01). The indicators such as VAS score (6.8±1.1 vs 1.8±0.4), Lysholm score (52.6±7.1 vs 82.0±6.4), IKDC score (64.7±6.2 vs 80.3±10.0), WOMAC score (51.8±6.3 vs 81.8±6.5), and Tegner score (1.9±0.6 vs 5.0±1.0) were all improved after the operation (all P <0.01). Complications occurred in 5 patients (15.6%), including hematomas, sensory abnormalities, intermuscular vein thrombosis and correction angle loss. Conclusion: MOWHTO combined with ACL reconstruction is a safe and effective approach for the treatment of varus knee OA with ACL injury.

Aims: It is not clear whether there are differences in glycemic control between the Equil patch and the MMT-712 insulin pump. Our objective was to compare two types of insulin pumps in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), using continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics and profiles., Methods: This was a randomized case-crossover clinical trial. Participants were hospitalized and randomly allocated to two groups and underwent two types of insulin pump treatments (group A: Equil patch-Medtronic MMT-712 insulin pump; group B: Medtronic MMT-712-Equil patch insulin pump) separated by a 1-day washout period. Glycemic control was achieved after 7-8 days of insulin pump therapy. Each patient received CGM for 5 consecutive days (from day 1 to day 5). On day 3 of CGM performance, the Equil patch insulin pump treatment was switched to Medtronic MMT-712 insulin pump treatment at the same basal and bolus insulin doses or vice versa. CGM metrics and profiles including glycemic variability (GV), time in range (TIR, 3.9-10.0 mmol/L), time below range (TBR, <3.9 mmol/L), time above range (TAR, >10.0 mmol/L), and postprandial glucose excursions, as well as incidence of hypoglycemia., Results: Forty-six T2DM patients completed the study. There was no significant difference in parameters of daily GV and postprandial glucose excursions between the Equil patch insulin pump treatment and the Medtronic insulin pump treatment. Similarly, there was no between-treatment difference in TIR, TBR, and TAR, as well as the incidence of hypoglycemia., Conclusion: The Equil patch insulin pump was similar to the traditional MMT-712 insulin pump in terms of glycemic control. Equil patch insulin pump is a reliable tool for glycemic management of diabetes mellitus., (© 2024 The Authors. Journal of Diabetes published by Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai JiaoTong University School of Medicine and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.)

Purpose: To develop a deep learning model to accurately detect anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to evaluate its effect on the diagnostic accuracy and efficiency of clinicians., Methods: A training dataset was built from MRIs acquired from January 2017 to June 2021, including patients with knee symptoms, irrespective of ACL ruptures. An external validation dataset was built from MRIs acquired from January 2021 to June 2022, including patients who underwent knee arthroscopy or arthroplasty. Patients with fractures or prior knee surgeries were excluded in both datasets. Subsequently, a deep learning model was developed and validated using these datasets. Clinicians of varying expertise levels in sports medicine and radiology were recruited, and their capacities in diagnosing ACL injuries in terms of accuracy and diagnosing time were evaluated both with and without artificial intelligence (AI) assistance., Results: A deep learning model was developed based on the training dataset of 22,767 MRIs from 5 centers and verified with external validation dataset of 4,086 MRIs from 6 centers. The model achieved an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.987 and a sensitivity and specificity of 95.1%. Thirty-eight clinicians from 25 centers were recruited to diagnose 3,800 MRIs. The AI assistance significantly improved the accuracy of all clinicians, exceeding 96%. Additionally, a notable reduction in diagnostic time was observed. The most significant improvements in accuracy and time efficiency were observed in the trainee groups, suggesting that AI support is particularly beneficial for clinicians with moderately limited diagnostic expertise., Conclusions: This deep learning model demonstrated expert-level diagnostic performance for ACL ruptures, serving as a valuable tool to assist clinicians of various specialties and experience levels in making accurate and efficient diagnoses., Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective comparative case series., (Copyright © 2023 Arthroscopy Association of North America. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

The soldier caste is one of the most distinguished castes inside the termite colony. The mechanism of soldier caste differentiation has mainly been studied at the transcriptional level, but the function of microRNAs (miRNAs) in soldier caste differentiation is seldom studied. In this study, the workers of Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki were treated with methoprene, a juvenile hormone analog which can induce workers to transform into soldiers. The miRNomes of the methoprene-treated workers and the controls were sequenced. Then, the differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRs) were corrected with the differentially expressed genes DEGs to construct the DEmiR-DEG regulatory network. Afterwards, the DEmiR-regulated DEGs were subjected to GO enrichment and KEGG enrichment analysis. A total of 1,324 miRNAs were identified, among which 116 miRNAs were screened as DEmiRs between the methoprene-treated group and the control group. A total of 4,433 DEmiR-DEG pairs were obtained. No GO term was recognized as significant in the cellular component, molecular function, or biological process categories. The KEGG enrichment analysis of the DEmiR-regulated DEGs showed that the ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes and circadian rhythm-fly pathways were enriched. This study demonstrates that DEmiRs and DEGs form a complex network regulating soldier caste differentiation in termites., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (© 2024 Du et al.)

Different antibodies can bind to the same targets on the surface of immune cells with opposite biologic effects. These effects-agonism, antagonism, or partial agonism-are so poorly understood that drug developers must screen antibodies for relevant desired characteristics. In this issue of Immunity, Lippert et al. define molecular mechanisms that dictate antibody behavior, ushering in an era of directed antibody design., Competing Interests: Declaration of interests The author declares no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Different aromatic components do indeed give different tea flavors. There is still little research on whether there is a certain regularity in the combination and content of aromatic components in different aroma types of Phoenix Dancong (PDC) tea. This potential regularity may be a key factor in unraveling the relationship between reproduction and evolution in PDC tea. Here, the 5 kinds of these 4 aroma types PDC tea (Zhuye, Tuofu, Jianghuaxiang, Juduo, Yashixiang) were used as research materials in this study, the headspace solid-phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to analyze the aromatic components of these PDC teas. The results showed a total of 36 aromatic components identified in this study. When conducting cluster analysis, it was found that similarity degree arrangement sequence of 5 PDC teas was Juduo, Tuofu, Yashixiang, Zhuye and Jianghuaxiang. Among these aromatic components, the 7,9-Di-tert-butyl-1-oxaspiro(4,5)deca-6,9-diene-2,8-dione, the 2-Cyclopenten-1-one, 3-methyl-2-(2-pentenyl)-,(Z)-, the 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol, the 3,7-dimethyl-1,5,7-Octatrien-3-ol, and the 2-Furanmethanol,5-ethenyltetrahydro-.alpha.,.alpha.,5-trimethyl-,cis- are common to 5 PDC teas. This study aims to elucidate the similarities in the aromatic components of 5 PDC teas, revealing the major aroma-endowed substances of various aroma, and providing theoretical reference for further exploring the relationship between aroma type discrimination, variety selection, and evolution of PDC teas., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Cardiac dysfunction accompanies acute ischemic stroke and affects the effective implementation of early rehabilitation interventions. There is a lack of reference hemodynamic data on cardiac function in the subacute phase of ischemic stroke., Objective: In this study, we aimed to identify appropriate cardiac parameters for exercise training utilizing a pilot study., Methods: We used a transthoracic electrical bioimpedance non-invasive cardiac output measurement (NICOM) device to monitor cardiac function in real time for two groups [i.e., subacute ischemic stroke inpatients group (n= 10) and healthy control group (n= 11)] using a cycling exercise experiment. The parameters of both groups were compared to highlight the cardiac dysfunction in the subacute phase in patients with ischemic stroke., Results: We considered stroke volume index (SVI) and systemic vascular resistance index (SVRi) as the primary outcomes, and there was significant intragroup difference (stroke group: P< 0.001; control group: P< 0.001, using one-way ANOVA) and significant intergroup difference at each individual time segment (P< 0.01, using independent t-test). Among the secondary outcomes, i.e., cardiac index (CI), ejection fraction (EF), end-diastolic volume (EDV), and cardiac contraction index (CTI), we found significant intergroup differences in CI, EF, and CTI scores (P< 0.01, using independent t-test). Significant interaction with respect to time and group were seen only in the SVRi and CI scores (P< 0.01, using two-way ANOVA). There was no significant inter- or intra-group differences in EDV scores., Conclusion: SVRI, SVI, and CI values highlight cardiac dysfunction in stroke patients the most. At the same time, these parameters suggest that cardiac dysfunction in stroke patients may be closely related to the increased peripheral vascular resistance caused by infarction and the limitation of myocardial systolic function.

The COVID-19 pandemic vaccination infrastructure was redeployed to address the Mpox epidemic. The Westchester County Department of Health coordinated an effective vaccine distribution, tracking, and data collection process with community partners with real-time feedback of operational challenges and updated public health directives. Westchester County, which comprises 9% of the New York State population, administered 24% (6770 doses) of JYNNEOS (smallpox and monkeypox vaccine) across the state. Among first-dose recipients, 13% were Black and 25% were Hispanic, approaching countywide US Census race and ethnicity breakdowns. The operational template designed during COVID-19 can be readily redeployed for subsequent epidemics of even seemingly dissimilar infections like Mpox., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest to report., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)