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Riverbed morphology is in dynamic change due to the influences of both natural and human-induced factors. However, there is a knowledge gap in distinguishing the components caused by human activities as well as extreme flooding from the total riverbed evolution. The current study evaluated the water depth variation in the Nandu River (NR) and Wanquan River (WR) in Hainan Island in response to diverse driven factors. The results showed that the average water depth of both rivers significantly increased, but the spatial-temporal variation patterns were different. In the NR, the dominant spatial-temporal water depth variation was driven by extreme flooding, which contributed 59% to the total variance. Then, water–sediment conditions accounted for 30%, followed by direct human activities for 3.6%. However, the main spatial-temporal water depth variation patterns in the WR were 77%, driven by water–sediment conditions, 10% driven by extreme flooding, and 3.9% driven by direct human interventions, respectively. Considering the indirect effects of human activities on the water–sediment process, the total contributions of human activities on the water depth variation were 6.9% and 42.9% in the NR and WR, respectively. Due to the poor riverbed stability and worse resistance, island rivers are more fragile to extreme floods and human interventions. Our findings suggest that extreme floods usually lead to a significant increase in sediment carrying capacity, followed by severe erosion of the riverbed. In addition, combining with the decrease in sediment concentration and grainsize caused by human activities, the rebuilding effect on riverbeds would be magnified. These results highlight the important role of human activities and extreme floods in the evolution of island rivers, which can provide new insights and recommendations for river management and restoration engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mutations in ADGRV1 can cause seizures, but the mechanism remains unclear. The zebrafish model can be used to assess the functions of human ADGRV1 and its variant alleles during embryonic development. In this study, we summarized the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of four children with ADGRV1 variation and based on this, we validated the ADGRV1 loss phenotype in an adgrv1-knockout zebrafish model. We retrospectively analyzed the clinical and genotypic characteristics of four pediatric patients diagnosed as having ADGRV1 mutations at Children's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University from April 2019 to February 2022. Moreover, we used the adgrv1-knockout zebrafish larvae model and performed morphological, behavioral, and neuroelectrophysiological testing. We found that of the four included children, two had epilepsy, one had paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia, and one had febrile seizure plus. Three children had a history of febrile seizures, whereas two had a family history of febrile seizures. Three children had well-controlled clinical epilepsy seizures or motor disorders. Finally, one child with spontaneous mutation had epigenetic abnormalities and comprehensive developmental delay, one had language developmental delay, and two (paternal or maternal) had a good prognosis. Regarding the zebrafish model, the cas9-control and adgrv1-edited groups demonstrated significant differences in the interocular areas of the zebrafish observed in the open field and the maximum swimming velocity under light stimulus. In neuroelectrophysiological testing, epilepsy-related signals were observed in 2 of 26 adgrv1-edited group fish. We believe that, mutations in the ADGRV1 may lead to epileptic seizures and movement disorders. The patients usually have a history of febrile seizures or a family history. Through research using the zebrafish model, it has been found that ADGRV1 mutations can affect the expression of eye and the neuromotor development of zebrafish larvae. This might be one of the reasons for epileptic seizures caused by ADGRV1 gene mutations., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The growing abuse of fentanyl and its analogues (FTNs) presents a substantial public health threat, prompting the introduction of regulatory controls by government authorities. Nevertheless, existing screening strategies for FTNs are primarily based on targeted or non-targeted approaches that utilize a limited set of mass spectrometry fragmentation data, which are far from meeting the needs of class scheduling. In this study, a comprehensive non-targeted screening strategy for FTNs was developed. Firstly, existing and potential unknown structures were obtained and a database was created by combining the substitution patterns and the characteristic fragmentation routes (CFRs). Following this, a preliminary screening was executed by matching entries from the database with empirical data to identify CFRs and suggest candidate structures. The likelihood of an analyte being an FTNs increased with the identification of multiple CFRs. After that, a final judgment was made based on the similarity of the isotope distribution of the candidate structures and the spectra obtained, along with the evaluation of chromatographic peak profile. This proposed strategy could achieve an extensive coverage of 1.25 × 10 15 . To facilitate the establishment and implementation of the strategy, a computer-aided program named FTNs_Finder was developed. To validate this method, false negative and false positive assessments were performed using the MS/MS data from 29 FTNs and 5180 datasets from MassBank. In addition, it was further applied to the presence screening of FTNs in environmental water samples. Overall, this work could effectively promote the class scheduling of FTNs and provide a reference for the design and implementation of screening strategies for other hazardous substances., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2025. Published by Elsevier B.V.)