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"On‐Cell Plus", is designed by setting the same size of active area (AA) of the touch sensor and display, and then uses random mesh pattern to prevent moiré issues. Accordingly, the touch sensor and display cell can be designed and produced independently and demonstrate better touch sensitivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trauma and orthopedic surgery commonly rely on intraoperative radiography or fluoroscopy, which are essential for visualizing patient anatomy and safely completing surgical procedures. However, these imaging methods generate ionizing radiation, which in high doses carries a potential health risk to patients and operating personnel. There is an established need for formal training in obtaining precise intraoperative imaging while minimizing radiation exposure. Virtual reality (VR) simulation serves as a promising tool for orthopaedic trainees to develop skills in safe intraoperative imaging, without posing harm to patients, operating room staff, or themselves. This paper aims to provide a brief overview of literature surrounding VR training for intraoperative imaging in orthopaedic surgery. In addition, we discuss areas for improvement and future directions for development in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Demographic information related to phalangeal fractures that undergo simultaneous vascular repair, as well as their complication and reoperation profiles, remain incompletely understood. This study aimed to examine the patient and fracture characteristics influencing the outcomes after these injuries in a large Unites States adult patient cohort and to identify risk factors associated with unplanned reoperation of these fractures. Methods: A retrospective study was performed, identifying 54 phalangeal fractures in 48 patients; all fractures were also associated with vascular injuries requiring repair. Patients with digital amputations were excluded. A manual chart review was performed to collect epidemiologic, radiographic, and surgical outcome information. Results: The incidence of phalangeal fractures undergoing vascular repair was higher in the non-dominant hand, middle finger, proximal phalanx, and phalangeal shaft. Most (52.9%) fractures were due to occupational injury, with the most common mechanism being sharp injuries. More than half of the fractures had a nerve injury, and 13% required a vein graft for vascular repair. More than half of the fractures required at least one reoperation, most commonly due to "stiffness/tendon adhesion" (50%) and "nonunion or delayed union" (21.4%). In multivariable analysis, thumb (odds ratio [OR]: 35.1, P =.043) and index (OR: 14.0, P =.048) fingers' fractures were found to be independently associated with unplanned reoperation. Conclusions: Phalangeal fractures requiring vascular repair occurred most often in the occupational setting and more than 50% required at least one unplanned reoperation. Injuries sustained in the thumb and index finger were more likely to undergo unplanned reoperation, which may guide initial treatment decision-making and postoperative follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Determining accurate intraoperative screw length in complex distal radius fractures may pose difficulties. With volar plate fixation, excessive screw length may result in extensor pollicis longus injury and this can be challenging to determine via intraoperative imaging. This study aims to identify the precise anatomic location and parameters of Lister's tubercle on the dorsal aspect of the radius., Methods: The anatomy and location of Lister's tubercle was evaluated in 26 cadaveric arms, of which 27% were female, with a mean age of 73.6 years. Additionally, Lister's tubercle was evaluated on 198 computed tomography (CT) scans using a quantitative distal radius surface map. Median age was 28 years, and 28% of the patients were female., Results: As measured in cadaveric arms, the mean Lister's tubercle length was 12.6 mm, and width was 5.4 mm. The distance from the radial styloid to the distal and proximal border of Lister's tubercle averaged 23.0 and 10.4 mm, respectively. Of the total distal radial width, Lister's tubercle begins 43% from the radial border and spans to 42% of the ulnar border, encompassing 16% of the entire width of the dorsal distal radius. On CT mapping, the distance between the peak of Lister's tubercle and the ulnar and radial border of the radius was 46% and 54%, respectively. Female sex was associated with a smaller distal radius width, but not with a smaller Lister's tubercle., Conclusions: Knowledge of Lister's tubercle anatomy may assist in more precise screw placement in volar locked plating of distal radius fractures., Level of Evidence: IV-Therapeutic., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting InterestsThe authors declared the following potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: This work was in part supported by the Jesse B. Jupiter Research Fund/Wyss Medical Foundation. CL, FR, HK, DW and JP have nothing to disclose. NC is a consultant for Biedermann Motech. KE is a consultant for Axogen Inc, Integra Lifesciences Corporation, Checkpoint Surgical Inc, and Tulavi Therapeutics Inc, Tissium, and BioCircuit.

Objectives: This study aimed to determine if outpatient upper extremity fracture surgery was associated with increased post-operative ED visits and identify related risk factors., Methods: Design: Retrospective cohort., Setting: This multi-center study was conducted within a single academic institution, encompassing two level 1, two level 2, and one level 3 trauma center., Patient Selection Criteria: All patients >18 years of age that underwent upper extremity fracture surgery from 2015-2021 were included., Outcome Measures and Comparisons: Risk factors for postoperative ED visit that were investigated included age, sex, tobacco use, alcohol abuse, psychiatric diagnosis, Elixhauser comorbidity score, race, location of upper extremity fracture, surgical setting (inpatient vs. outpatient), upper extremity block, surgical specialty, and Area Deprivation Index. Variables with a p<0.1 in bivariate analysis were included in a multivariable logistic regression to determine factors associated with a postoperative ED visit at 30 and 90-days., Results: A total of 6,315 patients with an average age of 51±19 years were identified of which 52% were female and 65% had outpatient surgery. Post-operatively, 188 patients (3.0%) presented to the ED within 30 days and 304 (4.8%) presented within 90 days. Thirty-seven percent of ED visits were directly related to the procedure, most commonly for pain (20%), cast issues (4.3%), and swelling (3.9%). At 30 days postoperatively, 2.8% of patients who underwent surgery in an outpatient setting and 3.4% of those who underwent inpatient surgery returned to the ED, with these rates increasing to 4.4% and 5.6%, respectively, by 90 days. In multivariable analysis, outpatient surgery (OR:1.5, p=0.030), tobacco use (OR:2.1, p<0.001), higher Elixhauser Comorbidity scores (OR:1.2, p<0.001), non-White race (OR:1.9, p<0.001) elbow fractures (OR:1.8, p=0.016), and hand fractures (OR: 1.6, p=0.046) were associated with 30-day ED visits., Conclusions: Outpatient surgery was associated with increased rate of 30-day ED visits. Patients that smoke, had increased number of comorbidities or were non-White presented to the ED more frequently., Level of Evidence: III., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest statement: Each author certifies that he or she has no commercial associations (e.g. consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc.) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article., (Copyright © 2024 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Aims: This study aimed to gather insights from elbow experts using the Delphi method to evaluate the influence of patient characteristics and fracture morphology on the choice between operative and nonoperative treatment for coronoid fractures., Methods: A three-round electronic (e-)modified Delphi survey study was performed between March and December 2023. A total of 55 elbow surgeons from Asia, Australia, Europe, and North America participated, with 48 completing all questionnaires (87%). The panellists evaluated the factors identified as important in literature for treatment decision-making, using a Likert scale ranging from "strongly influences me to recommend nonoperative treatment" (1) to "strongly influences me to recommend operative treatment" (5). Factors achieving Likert scores ≤ 2.0 or ≥ 4.0 were deemed influential for treatment recommendation. Stable consensus is defined as an agreement of ≥ 80% in the second and third rounds., Results: Of 68 factors considered important in the literature for treatment choice for coronoid fractures, 18 achieved a stable consensus to be influential. Influential factors with stable consensus that advocate for operative treatment were being a professional athlete, playing overhead sports, a history of subjective dislocation or subluxation during trauma, open fracture, crepitation with range of movement, > 2 mm opening during varus stress on radiological imaging, and having an anteromedial facet or basal coronoid fracture (O'Driscoll type 2 or 3). An anterolateral coronoid tip fracture ≤ 2 mm was the only influential factor with a stable consensus that advocates for nonoperative treatment. Most disagreement existed regarding the treatment for the terrible triad injury with an anterolateral coronoid tip fracture fragment ≤ 2 mm (O'Driscoll type 1 subtype 1)., Conclusion: This study gives insights into areas of consensus among surveyed elbow surgeons in choosing between operative and nonoperative management of coronoid fractures. These findings should be used in conjunction with previous patient cohort studies when discussing treatment options with patients., Competing Interests: N. C. Chen reports funding from the Jesse B. Jupiter Research Fund of the Wyss Medical Foundation, related to this study. H. H. de Klerk reports travel grants for a research internship in Boston from De Stichting Prof. Michaël-van Vloten Fonds, Van Leersum Grant/KNAW Medical Sciences Fund from the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts & Sciences, Marti-Keuning Eckhardt Foundation, Vreedefonds, the Stichting Anna Fonds | NOREF, the Stichting het Scholten-Cordes Fonds, Fundatie van Renswoude, and the USC Scholarship Foundation (all Netherlands), all related to this study. Each author certifies that he has no commercial associations (e.g., consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc.) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article., (© 2024 The British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery.)

Introduction: In this study, we reviewed proximal humeral fractures surgically treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) to test the null hypothesis that there is no association between fracture characteristics and surgeon characteristics in outcomes after surgical management of displaced proximal humeral fractures with ORIF., Methods: A retrospective review of surgically treated proximal humeral fractures was done at a tertiary-level hospital. The data were organized into two categories: fracture characteristics and surgeon characteristics., Results: There were 314 proximal humeral fractures treated with ORIF. In total, there were 112 failures (36%). Bivariate Pearson correlations demonstrated that the number of proximal humerus fixation surgeries performed by an individual surgeon was associated with adequate calcar reduction (r = 0.995, P < 0.001) and greater tuberosity reduction (r = 0.994, P < 0.001). Years of experience was positively associated with adequate calcar reduction (r = 0.594, P = 0.012) and greater tuberosity reduction (r = 0.589, P = 0.013). Regression analysis of two surgeons versus the rest of the cohort demonstrated significantly lower failure rates (P = 0.001)., Discussion: Complex proximal humeral fractures (3-part and 4-part) have better calcar reduction and tuberosity reduction when treated by surgeons with greater volume of proximal humeral fracture surgery. Among surgeons with high volume, there may be individuals who have the unique ability to provide markedly better results., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. on behalf of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.)

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of, and factors associated with, reoperation after distal radius nonunion repair., Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study at a multicenter academic institution and identified adult patients who underwent open reduction and internal fixation for distal radius nonunion between January 2005 and August 2021. Thirty-three patients were included in this study. The cohort consisted of 13 males (13/33) and had a median age of 56 years (interquartile ranges: 49-64). Median follow-up was 59 months (interquartile ranges: 23-126)., Results: Unplanned reoperations occurred in eight of 33 patients. The most common reasons for reoperation were irrigation and debridement for infection, revision surgery for persistent nonunion, and unplanned hardware removal. In total, 10 complications occurred in nine patients. The most common complications were infection and persistent nonunion; both occurred in three cases., Conclusions: Complications after distal radius nonunion repair are common. Reoperation after distal radius nonunion repair is required in approximately one of four cases., Type of Study/level of Evidence: Prognosis IV., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest No benefits in any form have been received or will be received related directly to this article., (Copyright © 2024 American Society for Surgery of the Hand. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: The prevalence of tendinopathic changes of the distal biceps tendon (DBT) is not clear, in both the general population and patients with symptoms that may be related to distal biceps tendinopathy. The purpose of this study is to retrospectively determine the prevalence of distal biceps tendinopathy in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients undergoing an MRI of the elbow. A secondary aim is to assess the association between age and the prevalence of incidental distal biceps tendinopathy., Methods: We assessed 1,180 MRI-reports describing the elbow region and calculated prevalence of incidental and symptomatic DBT tendinopathies. Symptomatic DBT tendinopathy was defined as patients that had complaints of anterior elbow pain. With a multivariate logistic regression analysis we tested whether age, sex, and race were independently associated with DBT tendinopathy., Results: 276 of 1,180 (23%) of the distal biceps tendons showed signal changes on the MRI. Only 114 (10%) showed DBT tendinopathy, of which60 (5% of all tendons, 53% of tendons with tendinopathy) were incidental. The prevalence peaked between 40-49.9 years (37%) and 50-59.9 years (30%). There was no significant association between increasing age and incidental DBT tendinopathy (P= 0.935). However, there was a significant association between increasing age and tendinopathy, whether the tendinopathy was incidental or symptomatic (P< 0.001)., Conclusion: Signal changes in the DBT are common on MRI scans, however 53% of detected tendinopathies are incidental. There is no association between increasing age and prevalence of incidental DBT tendinopathy, though there is a significant association between increasing age and DBT tendinopathy., Competing Interests: None of the authors have commercial relations that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the manuscript. No direct funding was received for this study., (Copyright © 2024 Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.)