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Abstract Background Breast cancer is a major health concern worldwide, especially in Vietnam. This study aimed to explore women’s motivation for and factors related to breast cancer screening. Methods A mixed-methods study was conducted in Danang, Vietnam, using a convergent parallel approach. This study utilized both quantitative and qualitative methods to gather the data. The quantitative approach involved surveys to assess motivation levels and related factors, including demographic information and experience with breast cancer screening. In-depth qualitative interviews were used to gain deeper insights into participants' perspectives and experiences related to breast cancer screening. Results The average motivation score for breast cancer screening was moderate (3.55 ± 0.55). Ethnicity, regular health check-ups, family history of breast cancer, receiving information about breast cancer, and women’s health issues have direct relationships with breast cancer screening motivation. According to the qualitative data, three categories emerged: intrinsic motivation, external motivation/internalization, and amotivation. The individual, and sociocultural environmental factors impacted screening motivation. Conclusions This study highlights the motivations behind breast cancer screening among women. Healthcare providers could use these findings to improve screening policies and guidelines and encourage more women to undergo regular screening, ultimately reducing the incidence of breast cancer in the community.

This study compares the food-production efficiencies of integrated rice-fish farming and rice monoculture and evaluates how these farming systems contribute to sustainable food production in the Mekong Delta. The study explores how food-production efficiencies are influenced by the systems’ ecological connectivity by comparing more integrated systems that apply integrated rice-fish farming and integrated pest management (IPM) with less integrated systems farming only rice. Rice-fish farmers with plenty of fish had significantly higher rice yields than farmers with less or no fish, especially during the second crop when the rice was grown together with the fish. A positive correlation between the fish and rice yields, indicated synergistic effects between the fish and rice, due to strengthened ecological connectivity and trophic interactions within the rice-field ecosystem. Overall, rice-fish farmers had higher rice yields than rice farmers, despite using lower amounts of fertilizers and pesticides. They also had lower rice production costs compared to rice farmers, partly because the fish helped fertilize the rice and control rice pests. They had a significantly higher profit and benefit cost ratio than rice farmers because of lower production costs, and high rice and fish yields. The results indicate that food-production efficiencies in the Mekong Delta can be enhanced through diversification and increased ecological connectivity, leading to a more efficient use of rice field ecosystem services that support a long-term and healthy production of food.

This study evaluates the effect of different diets supplemented with vitamin solutions on Pangasius catfish broodstock reproduction, growth performances, and the survival rates of fish larvae and fingerling. The growth and reproductive performances of breeders fed with different test diets showed significant differences among the six tested diets (p < 0.05). The highest final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), daily weight gain (DWG), specific growth rate (SGR) of broodstock, and survival rate of Pangasius fingerlings were found in Treatment 5, which contained 0.6% H-OVN mixed with 12.6% algal oil, and Treatment 3, which contained 0.6% vitamin premix H-OVN. The average gonadosomatic index (GSI), relative fecundity index (RFI), fertilized eggs, hatching rates of eggs, and survival rate of fingerlings was 9.1 ± 2.8 (6.7–12.8%), 133,224 ± 39,090 (104,267–199,512 eggs/kg), 77.9 ± 22.2 (62.2–93.6%), and 45.3 ± 17.4 (22.0–66.3%), respectively. The findings of this study showed that the diet containing 35% CP contents supplemented with 0.6% vitamin premix H-OVN mixed with algal oils showed the highest results in terms of growth, reproductive performance indices, and survival rates of Pangasius catfish fingerlings.

Ba hợp chất β-amyrin (1), quercetin (2) và β-sitosterol (3) được phân lập từ lá cây Bù lốt (Grewia bulot). Cấu trúc của chúng được xác định thông qua việc phân tích các phổ IR và NMR và so sánh với số liệu trong các tài liệu tham khảo. Kết quả thử nghiệm hoạt tính gây độc của các hợp chất phân lập với bốn dòng tế bào ung thư thử nghiệm (MCF-7, Hep-G2, SK-LU-1 và KB) cho thấy hợp chất β-amyrin có hoạt tính gây độc yếu trên ba dòng tế bào MCF-7, Hep-G2 và SK-LU-1 với giá trị IC50 từ 72,3 đến 96,15 µg·mL–1. Đây là lần đầu tiên các hợp chất này được phân lập từ cây Bù lốt và thử hoạt tính gây độc tế bào ung thư.

Bathymetry data is indispensable for a variety of aquatic field studies and benthic resource inventories. Determining water depth can be accomplished through an echo sounding system or remote estimation utilizing space-borne and air-borne data across diverse environments, such as lakes, rivers, seas, or lagoons. Despite being a common option for bathymetry mapping, the use of satellite imagery faces challenges due to the complex inherent optical properties of water bodies (e.g., turbid water), satellite spatial resolution limitations, and constraints in the performance of retrieval models. This study focuses on advancing the remote sensing based method by harnessing the non-linear learning capabilities of the machine learning (ML) model, employing advanced feature selection through a meta-heuristic algorithm, and using image extraction techniques (i.e., band ratio, gray scale morphological operation, and morphological multi-scale decomposition). Herein, we validate the predictive capabilities of six ML models: Random Forest (RF), Support Vector Machine (SVM), CatBoost (CB), Extreme Gradient Boost (XGB), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM), and KTBoost (KTB) models, both with and without the application of meta-heuristic optimization (i.e., Dragon Fly, Particle Swarm Optimization, and Grey Wolf Optimization), to accurately ascertain water depth. This is achieved using a diverse input dataset derived from multi-spectral Landsat 9 imagery captured on a cloud-free day (19 September 2023) in a shallow, turbid lagoon. Our findings indicate the superior performance of LGBM coupled with Particle Swamp Optimization (R2 = 0.908, RMSE = 0.31 m), affirming the consistency and reliability of the feature extraction and selection-based framework, while offering novel insights into the expansion of bathymetric mapping in complex aquatic environments.

Background: Breast cancer is a major health concern worldwide, especially in Vietnam. This study aimed to explore women's motivation for and factors related to breast cancer screening. Methods: A mixed-methods study was conducted in Danang, Vietnam, using a convergent parallel approach. This study utilized both quantitative and qualitative methods to gather the data. The quantitative approach involved surveys to assess motivation levels and related factors, including demographic information and experience with breast cancer screening. In-depth qualitative interviews were used to gain deeper insights into participants' perspectives and experiences related to breast cancer screening. Results: The average motivation score for breast cancer screening was moderate (3.55 ± 0.55). Ethnicity, regular health check-ups, family history of breast cancer, receiving information about breast cancer, and women's health issues have direct relationships with breast cancer screening motivation. According to the qualitative data, three categories emerged: intrinsic motivation, external motivation/internalization, and amotivation. The individual, and sociocultural environmental factors impacted screening motivation. Conclusions: This study highlights the motivations behind breast cancer screening among women. Healthcare providers could use these findings to improve screening policies and guidelines and encourage more women to undergo regular screening, ultimately reducing the incidence of breast cancer in the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: This study was carried out to examine how different diets with vitamin solutions/vitamin premixes and plant oils (algae and fungi oils) affect the reproduction of Pangasius catfish broodstock, growth performance, and survival rates of fish larvae and fingerling. The experiment was designed as a factorial setup, with Pangasius catfish broodstock fed six different diets in triplicate groups of ten fish (three males and seven females) cultured in separate hapa nets in an the earthen pond for about two months. Results showed significant differences among the six tested diets. Diets containing 35% CP, supplemented with 0.6% vitamin solutions and 1.26% algal oil, produced the best results in terms of the highest growth performance, reproductive indices, and fingerling survival rates. These findings provide valuable information for Pangasius catfish farmers and the fish production industries in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. This study evaluates the effect of different diets supplemented with vitamin solutions on Pangasius catfish broodstock reproduction, growth performances, and the survival rates of fish larvae and fingerling. The growth and reproductive performances of breeders fed with different test diets showed significant differences among the six tested diets (p < 0.05). The highest final body weight (FBW), weight gain (WG), daily weight gain (DWG), specific growth rate (SGR) of broodstock, and survival rate of Pangasius fingerlings were found in Treatment 5, which contained 0.6% H-OVN mixed with 12.6% algal oil, and Treatment 3, which contained 0.6% vitamin premix H-OVN. The average gonadosomatic index (GSI), relative fecundity index (RFI), fertilized eggs, hatching rates of eggs, and survival rate of fingerlings was 9.1 ± 2.8 (6.7–12.8%), 133,224 ± 39,090 (104,267–199,512 eggs/kg), 77.9 ± 22.2 (62.2–93.6%), and 45.3 ± 17.4 (22.0–66.3%), respectively. The findings of this study showed that the diet containing 35% CP contents supplemented with 0.6% vitamin premix H-OVN mixed with algal oils showed the highest results in terms of growth, reproductive performance indices, and survival rates of Pangasius catfish fingerlings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study compares the food-production efficiencies of integrated rice-fish farming and rice monoculture and evaluates how these farming systems contribute to sustainable food production in the Mekong Delta. The study explores how food-production efficiencies are influenced by the systems' ecological connectivity by comparing more integrated systems that apply integrated rice-fish farming and integrated pest management (IPM) with less integrated systems farming only rice. Rice-fish farmers with plenty of fish had significantly higher rice yields than farmers with less or no fish, especially during the second crop when the rice was grown together with the fish. A positive correlation between the fish and rice yields, indicated synergistic effects between the fish and rice, due to strengthened ecological connectivity and trophic interactions within the rice-field ecosystem. Overall, rice-fish farmers had higher rice yields than rice farmers, despite using lower amounts of fertilizers and pesticides. They also had lower rice production costs compared to rice farmers, partly because the fish helped fertilize the rice and control rice pests. They had a significantly higher profit and benefit cost ratio than rice farmers because of lower production costs, and high rice and fish yields. The results indicate that food-production efficiencies in the Mekong Delta can be enhanced through diversification and increased ecological connectivity, leading to a more efficient use of rice field ecosystem services that support a long-term and healthy production of food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The temporal variation of the carbonate system, air–sea CO 2 fluxes, and pH is analyzed in the southern Indian Ocean, south of the polar front, based on in situ data obtained from 1985 to 2021 at a fixed station (50°40 ′ S–68°25 ′ E) and results from a neural network model that reconstructs the fugacity of CO 2 (fCO2) and fluxes at monthly scale. Anthropogenic CO 2 (C ant) is estimated in the water column and is detected down to the bottom (1600 m) in 1985, resulting in an aragonite saturation horizon at 600 m that migrated up to 400 m in 2021 due to the accumulation of C ant. At the subsurface, the trend of C ant is estimated at +0.53±0.01 µ mol kg -1 yr -1 with a detectable increase in the trend in recent years. At the surface during austral winter the oceanic fCO2 increased at a rate close to or slightly lower than in the atmosphere. To the contrary, in summer, we observed contrasting fCO2 and dissolved inorganic carbon (C T) trends depending on the decade and emphasizing the role of biological drivers on air–sea CO 2 fluxes and pH inter-annual variability. The regional air–sea CO 2 fluxes evolved from an annual source to the atmosphere of 0.8 molC m -2 yr -1 in 1985 to a sink of -0.5 molC m -2 yr -1 in 2020. Over 1985–2020, the annual pH trend in surface waters of -0.0165±0.0040 per decade was mainly controlled by the accumulation of anthropogenic CO 2 , but the summer pH trends were modulated by natural processes that reduced the acidification rate in the last decade. Using historical data from November 1962, we estimated the long-term trend for fCO2 , C T , and pH, confirming that the progressive acidification was driven by the atmospheric CO 2 increase. In 59 years this led to a diminution of 11 % for both aragonite and calcite saturation state. As atmospheric CO 2 is expected to increase in the future, the pH and carbonate saturation state will decrease at a faster rate than observed in recent years. A projection of future C T concentrations for a high emission scenario (SSP5-8.5) indicates that the surface pH in 2100 would decrease to 7.32 in winter. This is up to -0.86 lower than pre-industrial pH and -0.71 lower than pH observed in 2020. The aragonite undersaturation in surface waters would be reached as soon as 2050 (scenario SSP5-8.5) and 20 years later for a stabilization scenario (SSP2-4.5) with potential impacts on phytoplankton species and higher trophic levels in the rich ecosystems of the Kerguelen Islands area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) of CO2 fugacity (fCO2) observations is a key resource supporting annual assessments of CO2 uptake by the ocean and its side effects on the marine ecosystem. SOCAT data are usually released with a lag of up to 1.5 years which hampers timely quantification of recent variations of carbon fluxes between the Earth System components, not only with the ocean. This study uses a statistical ensemble approach to analyze fCO2 with a latency of one month only based on the previous SOCAT release and a series of predictors. Results indicate a modest degradation in a retrospective prediction test for 2021–2022. The generated fCO2 and fluxes for January–August 2023 show a progressive reduction in the Equatorial Pacific source following the La Niña retreat. A breaking‐record decrease in the northeastern Atlantic CO2 sink has been diagnosed on account of the marine heatwave event in June 2023. Plain Language Summary: There is a growing need to monitor carbon emissions and removals over the globe in near real time in order to correctly interpret changes in CO2 concentrations as they unfold. For the oceans, the best information comes from measurements of the surface ocean CO2 fugacity (fCO2) by the international marine carbon research community. So far, this data is mostly available 6 to 18 months behind real time after collection, qualification, harmonization, and processing. Here, we show that a set of biological, chemical, and physical predictors available in near real time, allows the information contained in the "old" fCO2 measurements to be transferred over time. Based on a statistical technique, we combine all these data sources to estimate global monthly maps of fCO2 and of CO2 fluxes at the air‐sea interface within one month behind real time and with good accuracy. Key Points: We demonstrate the capacity of statistical models to generate global maps of fCO2 and air‐sea flux with a latency reduced to one monthA decrease in the CO2 source for January to August 2023 diagnosed in the tropical Pacific coheres with the retreat of the La Niña eventAn unusual northeastern Atlantic sink reduction diagnosed for June 2023 is linked to record heat and exceptionally low winds [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Observation-based data reconstructions of global surface ocean carbonate system variables play an essential role in monitoring the recent status of ocean carbon uptake and ocean acidification, as well as their impacts on marine organisms and ecosystems. So far, ongoing efforts are directed towards exploring new approaches to describe the complete marine carbonate system and to better recover its fine-scale features. In this respect, our research activities within the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS) aim to develop a sustainable production chain of observation-derived global ocean carbonate system datasets at high space–time resolutions. As the start of the long-term objective, this study introduces a new global 0.25 ∘ monthly reconstruction, namely CMEMS-LSCE (Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement) for the period 1985–2021. The CMEMS-LSCE reconstruction derives datasets of six carbonate system variables, including surface ocean partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2), total alkalinity (AT), total dissolved inorganic carbon (CT), surface ocean pH, and saturation states with respect to aragonite (Ωar) and calcite (Ωca). Reconstructing pCO2 relies on an ensemble of neural network models mapping gridded observation-based data provided by the Surface Ocean CO2 ATlas (SOCAT). Surface ocean AT is estimated with a multiple-linear-regression approach, and the remaining carbonate variables are resolved by CO2 system speciation given the reconstructed pCO2 and AT ; 1 σ uncertainty associated with these estimates is also provided. Here, σ stands for either the ensemble standard deviation of pCO2 estimates or the total uncertainty for each of the five other variables propagated through the processing chain with input data uncertainty. We demonstrate that the 0.25 ∘ resolution pCO2 product outperforms a coarser spatial resolution (1 ∘) thanks to higher data coverage nearshore and a better description of horizontal and temporal variations in pCO2 across diverse ocean basins, particularly in the coastal–open-ocean continuum. Product qualification with observation-based data confirms reliable reconstructions with root-mean-square deviation from observations of less than 8 %, 4 %, and 1 % relative to the global mean of pCO2 , AT (CT), and pH. The global average 1 σ uncertainty is below 5 % and 8 % for pCO2 and Ωar (Ωca), 2 % for AT and CT , and 0.4 % for pH relative to their global mean values. Both model–observation misfit and model uncertainty indicate that coastal data reproduction still needs further improvement, wherein high temporal and horizontal gradients of carbonate variables and representative uncertainty from data sampling would be taken into account as a priority. This study also presents a potential use case of the CMEMS-LSCE carbonate data product in tracking the recent state of ocean acidification. The data associated with this study are available at 10.14768/a2f0891b-763a-49e9-af1b-78ed78b16982 (Chau et al., 2023). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]