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This book reviews all important aspects of wastewater treatment with the aim of shedding new light on these effects through a combined understanding of traditional and new paradigms. The book is divided into five sections, the first of which reinterprets wastewater types from the point of generation, examining the characteristics and different physicochemical properties of wastewater. The second section discusses recent advances in understanding process water from surface water to groundwater. A wide range of issues in an affected area polluted by heavy chemicals and metals used in different processes lead to different results, and the book then looks at the effects in different types of water, agricultural land, fruit and vegetables in the affected area. Public health in the area of interest is also greatly affected and the details are included here in this book. The final section gives us an overview of the process and ultimately inspires many to develop better technology of energy saving plants to minimise the damage of waste treatment and restore our ecosystem and health issues. This book will be of interest to all researchers in life sciences, biology, ecology, environmental engineering and many more, especially for sustainable urban development.

This book critically examines the constitutional position and contribution of the Bangladesh Parliament during the fifty years of its existence. Examining the institution through a “Westminster” lens, the book unearths how and why it behaves in an (un)Westminster, rather say the'Eastminster”, way. This book is the first of its kind attempting a separation of powers and checks and balances inspired analysis of the Parliament vis-à-vis Bangladesh's government, judiciary, and the people. It explains how its internal democracy deficit arising from the country's undemocratic political partises deny the Bangladesh Parliament, its rightful place within the country's constitutional design.

Available Open Access digitally under CC-BY-NC-ND licence. During the cost-of-living crisis, schools and nurseries have had to step beyond their educational purpose to offer free food to families through food banks. This book explores how these food banks operate, why families use them and how they affect children's participation and wellbeing. Drawing on case studies of 12 primary schools and early years settings across England, it examines the impact on family wellbeing, home-school relationships and staff. The authors argue that the situation will remain unsustainable if this welfare work continues to be unfunded and unrecognised, raising a significant question of who should and who can be responsible for alleviating child poverty.

A particular history of how encounters between architects and people with disabilities transformed modern culture. Window Shopping with Helen Keller recovers a series of influential moments when architects and designers engaged the embodied experiences of people with disabilities. David Serlin reveals how people with sensory and physical impairments navigated urban spaces and helped to shape modern culture. Through four case studies—the lives of Joseph Merrick (aka “The Elephant Man”) and Helen Keller, the projects of the Works Progress Administration, and the design of the Illinois Regional Library for the Blind and Physically Handicapped—Serlin offers a new history of modernity's entanglements with disability.

This handbook addresses the diversity and complexity of social work practice in the context of disasters. Drawing on international perspectives, with the inclusion of case studies, this handbook provides a resource for students, practitioners, educators, and researchers seeking to prepare the social work profession for contemporary challenges associated with disasters.Divided into five parts, it explores the following subject areas:1. Conceptual aspects concerning social work's relationship with disasters2. Social work's role in preventing and preparing for disasters, and response and recovery3. Social work practice with specific populations4. Social work education and training in disasters5. Implications for social work organisations and policyLeading ideas, debates, and approaches from international authors will provide Global North and South perspectives. A critical examination of research and theories for practice, including concepts of human vulnerability and community resilience, will provide the foundation for detailing the practical contributions that social workers can make at the micro, meso, and macro levels of practice. Social work's underpinning value base of social justice and human rights will also be explored in the context of the complex and dynamic nature of socio-cultural, political, and economic dimensions pertaining to disasters.It will therefore be of interest to all social work students, academics, and professionals as well as those working in allied disciplines, policy, and emergency management roles.

One of Britain's most radical and influential artists working in the first decades of the twentieth century, Vanessa Bell was a pioneer for professional women. A leading figure within The Bloomsbury Group and known for her unconventional lifestyle, Vanessa Bell's work as a painter, designer and decorator has often been overlooked and relegated within the bombastic, male-dominated field of British modernism. With new research including previously unpublished letters, Wendy Hitchmough explores the ways in which Vanessa Bell forged new pathways as a modernist woman. Writing openly about depression and mental health at a time when the subject was stigmatised, as well as challenging taboos surrounding women's bodies, Vanessa Bell exploited the patriarchal society that oppressed her. She responded to the nudes and pastoral scenes of Cézanne, Gauguin, Picasso and Matisse with themes of miscarriage and motherhood. She co-exhibited with her partner, Duncan Grant, and comparisons between their parallel careers highlight the gender disparities that shaped her life and work.Vanessa Bell: The Life and Art of a Bloomsbury Radical celebrates the artist's trail-blazing approach to art as well as life, her rejection of conventions and the challenge she posed to the structures of early twentieth-century society.

From Kensington to the East End, under candlelight, gas lamp and then neon signs, London is both a bustling physical metropolis and a stirring psychic encounter. The most depraved depictions of London in fiction, film, poetry, television and theatre have irrevocably merged with the reality of its dark history, creating a phantasmagoria defined by murder, vice and the unnatural. In this panoptic look at the capital at its most eerie and macabre, Clive Bloom takes a tour of Gothic London's uncanny literature, arcane events and its infamous and imagined geographies. From David Bowie to T S Eliot, Thomas de Quincey to Aleister Crowley, the prophetess Joanna Southcott to the'ghosts'of Abba and the worlds of Neil Gaiman and Clive Barker, these are the figures that populate a city lost in fog and blind alleys, where the dead can be raised, the living sacrificed and the clandestine thrive. Suturing together fact and fantasy, London Uncanny presents the urban landscape of the capital as a space of wonder and madness, haunted by its past and haunting the present. Stalking through disease and degeneracy, death and murder, spiritualism, lunacy and the occult, Bloom crafts a singular, integrated concept of a London where dreams and nightmares meet.

A Short Economic and Social History of Twentieth Century Britain (1968) overcomes the statistical complexities of the twentieth century by establishing long-term social and economic trends to provide a succinct analysis of Twentieth Century Britain. It looks at population, including age structure, population distribution and urban expansion; agriculture; industry and transport; overseas trade; industrial relations; employment and occupational structure; social policy; education; public finance; living standards; and changes in leisure activities.

Gloria Swanson is most remembered today for her role as “Norma Desmond” in Billy Wilder's noir sound classic Sunset Boulevard (1950), but Swanson during her heyday was heralded as filmdom's leading fashion queen, as proclaimed by director Cecil B. DeMille in such silent motion pictures as Male and Female (1919), Why Change Your Husband (1921), and The Affairs of Anatol (1922). Throughout that decade and well into the 1930s, Swanson set fashion standards on and off the screen in creations designed by such illustrious couturieres as Mitchell Leisen, Paul Iribe, Norman Norell, Sonia Delaunay, Max Ree, Capt. Edward H. Molyneux, Coco Chanel, Rene Hubert, and later Edith Head. In the 1950s, she designed and managed her own line of ready to wear fashion patterns called Forever Young for women of a discernible age.Gloria Swanson: Hollywood's First Glamour Queen is a photographic tribute to this extraordinary woman. Focusing on sense of style and fashion, the book contains hundreds of personal and professional photographs, many never before published, and running biographical commentary by biographer Stephen Michael Shearer, author of the definitive book of the star, Gloria Swanson: The Ultimate Star (St. Martin's Press-Macmillan).

If you're intimidated by the thought of taking research methods, Rubin/Babbie's RESEARCH METHODS FOR SOCIAL WORK, 10th Edition, can help you overcome the fear associated with this course with its reader-friendly presentation of all aspects of the research endeavor. Students will appreciate the authors'clear and humorous writing style as well as the depth and breadth of coverage of current issues regarding social and racial justice. The text strikes a balance of quantitative and qualitative research techniques, illustrating how the two methods complement one another and can be integrated in the same study. Real-world examples highlight connections between research, social work practice and social justice. Comprehensive, friendly, accurate and integrating the best of technology, the text is widely considered the best for the research methods course -- and when you read it, you'll see why.

At the beginning of the nineteenth century, many individuals were motivated by their religious creeds to give. As religious faith began to wane in the period, others were inspired by humanitarian commitments or moral (but not necessarily scriptural) zeal. The contents of this volume introduce readers to the many individuals who distinguished themselves through charity and philanthropy, including Angela Burdett-Coutts, Florence Nightingale, Grace Kimmins, the Earl of Shaftesbury, and the American George Peabody, and the causes they took up.

Rarely named and frequently written out of history, the remarkable women of British intelligence finally receive the recognition they so richly deserve in this expertly researched narrative that will be a must-read for fans of military history. To the undiscerning eye, they were secretaries, typists, personal assistants, and telephonists. But those innocuous job titles provided the perfect cover for what were in reality a range of complex technical, clerical, and occupational roles. Often overlooked and underestimated by outsiders, the women of British intelligence encoded, decoded, and translated enemy messages, wrote propaganda, and oversaw agents, performing duties as diverse as they were indispensable. One of those women was Kathleen Pettigrew, super-secretary to three consecutive Chiefs of MI6, the secret foreign intelligence service of the United Kingdom, and widely regarded as the inspiration for author Ian Fleming's Miss Moneypenny. Serving her county loyally for four decades, Kathleen amassed a formidable knowledge of people and events. From the surprise apprehension of World War I courtesan spy Mata Hari to the unmasking of MI6 officer Kim Philby, the ‘Third Man'of the Cambridge spy ring, Kathleen created, organized, and archived an empire of top-secret information. Though most women toiled in offices and backrooms, there were also agent-runners and agents, prized for their ability to hide in plain sight. Drawing on extensive research and unique access to family archives, Claire portrays many of these remarkable figures—including the brilliant, multi-lingual Lunn sisters, glamorous spy Olga Gray; and Jane Sissmore, MI5's first female officer— and reconsiders the priceless contributions they made. In a field where women were often assumed to be little more than window-dressing, Secret Servants of the Crown reveals their multi-faceted, essential roles, offering a powerful and compelling testament to their many accomplishments.

An indispensable resource for scholars and students of James Joyce, Joyce Studies Annual gathers essays by foremost scholars and emerging voices in the field.

This book uses the concept of'arrival spaces'to examine the relationship between migration processes, social infrastructures, and the transformation of urban spaces in Europe since the mid-19th century.Case studies cover cities from London to Palermo and from Antwerp to St. Petersburg, including both metropolises and small towns. The chapters examine the emergence of settlement patterns, the functioning of arrival infrastructures, and the public representations of neighborhoods which have been shaped by internal or international migrations. By understanding these neighborhoods as spaces of arrival and as infrastructural hubs, this volume offers a new perspective on the profound impact of migration on European cities in modern and contemporary history.This volume makes a valuable contribution to both migration research and urban history and will be of interest to researchers and students studying the relationship between cities and migration in Europe's past and present.

This edited volume presents an international collection of fieldwork experiences from every stage of the research process with a view to normalising the process of adaptation, modification, and even failure during fieldwork when circumstances interrupt the expected outcomes.This book aims to address a gap often found in methodology books by including nine full autopsy-like reflection of fieldwork experiences, selected based on researchers'disciplines and fields, the diversity of geographical locations and their differing themes. Its chapters record a swath of experience, from choosing the research themes and hypotheses through to academic presentations and publications, shedding light on an area academic research that is often overlooked.Documenting experience from anthropologists and sociologists to political scientists and economists, the diversity of the book's approach and its multidisciplinary focus will interest researchers, scholars, and postgraduate students from a range of subdisciplines and levels of fieldwork experience.

'Poverty's Stark Truth'tackles the critical question of survival amid persistent resource scarcity, affecting nearly 700 million people worldwide. This comprehensive examination challenges traditional narratives about poverty by demonstrating how systemic barriers and policy decisions, rather than individual choices, primarily drive resource limitations. Through a blend of macroeconomic analysis and ground-level case studies, the book presents a compelling investigation of both the causes of poverty and practical solutions for economic stability. The book's three-part structure provides a thorough exploration of resource scarcity, beginning with an analysis of root causes and historical patterns of resource distribution. It then moves to document survival strategies across various global settings, showcasing both successful and unsuccessful approaches to resource management. The final section presents evidence-based pathways toward economic security, supported by real-world case studies of effective interventions and policy reforms. What sets this work apart is its innovative integration of behavioral economics with traditional economic theory, examining how psychological factors influence resource management decisions under stress. The research methodology combines quantitative economic data with qualitative studies, featuring insights from individuals, community leaders, and policymakers across both developed and developing nations. This balanced approach provides readers with both a theoretical framework for understanding poverty and practical tools for addressing resource scarcity at individual, community, and policy levels.

This book introduces the reader to basic concepts, origin and development of Urban Sociology and its importance in present era. The book provides a detailed overview of all the aspects of the urban community and urban social movement. It elaborates on process of urbanisation and the changing facets of urban communities. This book would be immensely useful to students, teachers, researchers and sociologists working in the field of urban sociology and it is an essential resource for students of urban studies.

This book provides a comprehensive and up-to-date introduction to criminological theory for students taking courses in criminology at both undergraduate and postgraduate level. Building on previous editions and the previous companion text, this book presents the latest research and theoretical developments in a socio-political context.All major theoretical perspectives are considered, including: classical criminology, biological and psychological positivism, labelling theories, feminist criminology, critical criminology and left realism, situation action theories, desistance theories, social control theories, the risk society, postmodern condition, and terrorism. The new edition has been updated and revised over seven parts to include full chapters on key topics, such as Bourdieau and criminology, narrative criminology, cultural victimology, southern theory and criminology, green and species criminology, critical race theory, convict and abolitionist and convict criminologies, and ultra-realist criminology. These key issues are discussed in the context of debates about the fragmentation of modernity and the postmodern condition: the rise of political populism, risk, surveillance and social control, conspiracy theories, post-truth society and speculation about living in post–COVID-19 society, and the future of neoliberalism.Supplemented with chapter summaries, critical thinking questions, policy implications, a full glossary of terms and theories, and a timeline of criminological theory, this book will appeal to undergraduate and postgraduate students of criminology, sociology, and politics, and is essential reading for advanced students of criminology looking for a way to engage with contemporary themes and concepts in theory.

This book focuses on the transformative journey of Methodism and tackles a profound question: How did a radical revival movement evolve into an established mainstream Church? With a global family of around eighty million, Methodism and its Holiness offshoots have come a long way since their origins as a fervent revival within the Church of England in the late 1730s. Once perceived as controversial and charismatic, early Methodists, led by John and Charles Wesley, preached salvation to unruly crowds, often facing fierce opposition. Despite its turbulent beginnings, the Wesleys skilfully kept the movement anchored to its Anglican roots, preventing it from fracturing entirely. This allowed Methodism to evolve into an established church while maintaining its distinct identity. The volume delves into the enduring legacy of early Methodism, exploring its theological influences and developments over time. With its identity wrapped up in dual focus on mission and holiness, Methodism's impact on global Christianity is profound. From the Holiness movement to the rise of Pentecostalism, its early radical and charismatic practices still resonate in the Church today. Featuring essays from leading Wesleyan scholars, this book is valuable for anyone interested in the dynamic history and lasting influence of the Methodist tradition.

A colorful and fast-moving account of how postwar London became the global center of the art market—a story of Impressionist masterpieces, dodgy dealers, and ground-breaking financial transactions.On October 15, 1958, Sotheby's of Bond Street staged an'event sale” of seven Impressionist paintings belonging to Erwin Goldschmidt: three Manets, two Cézannes, one Van Gogh, and a Renoir. Kirk Douglas, Anthony Quinn, and Somerset Maugham were there as celebrity guests. The seven lots went for £781,000—at the time the highest price for a single sale. The event established London as the world center of the art market and Sotheby's as an international auction house. It began a shift in power from the dealers to the auctioneers and paved the way for Impressionist paintings to dominate the market for the next forty years. Sotheby's had pulled off a massive coup by capturing the Impressionist market from Paris and New York—and now began its inexorable rise, opening offices all over the world. A huge expansion of the market followed, accompanied by rocketing prices, colorful scandals, and legal dramas. London transformed itself from a fusty place of old master painting sales to a revitalized center of contemporary art, crowned by the opening of Tate Modern in 2000. The Tate Modern successfully united new (and mostly foreign) money in London with the art world, offering its patrons a ready-made sophisticated social milieu alongside dealers in contemporary art. In a vibrant and briskly-paced style, James Stourton tells the story of the London art market from the immediate postwar period to the turn of the millennium. While Sotheby's is the lynchpin of this story, Stourton populates his narrative with a glorious rogue's gallery of eccentric scholars, clever amateurs, brilliant emigrés, and stylish grandees with a flair for the deal.

'Poverty's Hidden Depths'presents a groundbreaking examination of economic hardship that transcends traditional understanding by combining hard data with human stories. This comprehensive analysis reveals how systemic factors, social attitudes, and individual circumstances interweave to create persistent cycles of poverty across diverse communities. Through a unique blend of three decades'worth of research spanning multiple countries, the book illuminates the limitations of conventional poverty metrics while exploring the profound psychological and social dimensions often overlooked in economic analyses. The book's distinctive approach combines quantitative economic indicators with ethnographic studies, including longitudinal interviews with 200 families experiencing poverty and policy analysis from 15 countries. This multi-layered investigation reveals compelling insights about how poverty affects cognitive capacity, social relationships, and economic mobility. Rather than relying solely on income-based measurements, the research demonstrates how factors like housing policy, education systems, and healthcare access create interconnected challenges that affect multiple generations. Starting with foundational concepts and progressing to practical applications, the book offers valuable insights for both policy makers and general readers interested in social justice and economic policy. By examining case studies from urban and rural settings across different economic systems, it provides a nuanced understanding of how poverty manifests in various contexts. The work maintains academic rigor while remaining accessible, using clear language to explain complex concepts and offering actionable recommendations for policy reform and community intervention strategies.

Between 1850 and 1900, Ratcliffe Highway was the pulse of maritime London. Sailors from every corner of the globe found solace, and sometimes trouble, in this bustling district. However, for social investigators, it was a place of fascination and fear as it harboured chaotic and dangerous ‘exotic'communities. Sailortowns were transient, cosmopolitan and working class in character and provide us with an insight into class, race and gendered relations. They were contact zones of heightened interaction where multi-ethnic subaltern cultures met, sometimes negotiated and at other times clashed with one another. The book argues that despite these challenges sailortown was a distinctive and functional working-class community that was self-regulating and self-moderating. The book uncovers a robust sailortown community in which an urban-maritime culture shaped a sense of themselves and the traditions and conventions that governed subaltern behaviour in the district.

It provides an up-to-date account of planning, reflecting throughout on the need for sustainable, efficient and equitable solutions to planning problems. The subject matter is expressed in a simple language and practical manner. It is an essential resource for students, city planners, and all who are concerned with the nature of contemporary urban development problems.

A fresh look on the welfare system—with a view beyond the stateWith The Class Struggle and Welfare, David Matthews argues that we must understand the welfare state as a dialectical phenomenon—a product of class struggle. Confronting the hypocritical rhetoric of politicians who castigate welfare beneficiaries as lazy and “workshy,” Matthews points to clear evidence that the welfare state is essential to the prosperity and health of capitalist economies. At the same time, in the Marxist tradition, Matthews moves well beyond an analysis of welfare as simply an instrument wielded by capitalism for its benefit, arguing that proof of the class struggle scars the surface of every welfare system. With chapters focusing on welfare issues, including social security, health, disability, housing, and education, Matthews examines historical and current developments in Britain as a basis for a wider understanding of the relationship between capitalism and welfare. The Class Struggle and Welfare shows that as welfare states grew exponentially throughout the advanced capitalist world over the course of a century, the intents, purposes and perceptions of the institution of welfare underwent a dialectical transformation. On the one hand, the services offered served to bolster capitalism. On the other hand, welfare systems in and of themselves were born of class struggle. In turn, even as current welfare systems reflect the values and the needs of the capitalist arena, the influence and imprint of the working class is plain to see. The Class Struggle and Welfare ultimately looks to the future, arguing that the working class must consider an alternative type of welfare system—one which looks beyond the state and truly reflects the values of equality, solidarity, and community.

A new paradigm of research, policy, and practice that acknowledges the multiple scales at which we live every day.The Pointillistic City explores the multilayer geography of our daily lives—specifically, how we simultaneously live at the scales of addresses, streets, and neighborhoods and how each can be relevant for our well-being. Not unlike the way in which we look at a pointillistic painting, which depicts a full scene through the detailed organization of multiple objects, Daniel T. O'Brien considers the three scales together and the comprehensive understanding of the city they offer. The pointillistic approach to the city contrasts with decades of focus on neighborhoods. As such, it surfaces microspatial inequities, or disparities in experiences between people living in the same neighborhood, even right around the corner from each other. Microspatial inequities have gone largely unnoticed to date, and their recognition offers a new approach to understanding and supporting the diverse population of the city.This book illustrates the pointillistic perspective on cities with two in-depth case studies—one on crime, the other on environmental justice—in Boston. These studies highlight microspatial inequities and their interplay with broader neighborhood conditions, and they go even further by demonstrating how these insights can be incorporated into a new generation of policies and practices that are science driven and community led, truly addressing disparities both between and within our communities.

This handbook offers a guide to research on religious culture during Europe's long nineteenth century (1800–1914). Grounded in the latest theoretical approaches and in line with trends that have produced a'religious turn'in the study of modern Europe, the volume assesses the state of the field while making provocative recommendations for its enlargement. Unique and ambitious in its thematic breadth, it addresses the histories of all five of Europe's main religious traditions – Eastern Orthodox Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Protestantism, and Roman Catholicism – and brings these histories into comparative analysis. This analysis extends to a wide range of subjects, from popular belief and practice, education and modern knowledge formation, and the arts to the intersections between religion and urbanization, civil society and politics, and missions and imperialism. It also evaluates recent developments in work on religion vis-à-vis both gender and nationalism, while calling attention to newer research that proposes secularism as a form of belief in its own right. Presenting the scholarship of eighteen leaders in their respective fields, the volume explains why religion as a topic of research has moved from the periphery to the center of modern European historiography.

Nineteenth-century London was not only the greatest city of its time but it had an equally immense port. Although the relationship between the two physically shaped the city and profoundly affected the lives and livelihoods of its inhabitants, historians have always told their stories separately. Sarah Palmer's authoritative work instead paints a picture of London as a maritime hub driven by trade, shipping, marine insurance, shipbuilding and meeting the needs of seafarers ashore. Drawing on disparate archival materials from dock company records, the National Archives, the London Metropolitan Archives and more, she reveals both the economic importance of international and domestic sea-borne trade and the unique urban geography it created. In creating this more interconnected understanding of Britain's capital, Palmer argues that the nineteenth-century transition from sail to steam didn't just affect London's port, but transformed the city and its economy with an impact comparable to that of the railways.

This book explains how the Columbia model of sociology, which was based on the methodology of P.F. Lazarsfeld, became a dominant sociological school of thought in American and European postwar sociology.Providing an overview of Lazarsfeld's inventions and his methodological, organisational, and institutional innovations, it describes the means by which a particular model of sociology was gradually adopted in departments headed by Lazarsfeld and in the work of his successors. With attention to the use by Lazarsfeld of methodological texts published by prestigious publishing houses in his research and teaching, his activity in international organisations – including the UN – his collaboration with figures such as Robert K. Merton and Raymond Boudon, and his attempts to show how the roots of his empirical research methodology lay in the work of early European scholars, this volume shows how a particular sociological paradigm came to prevail over others for more than a decade.It will therefore appeal to scholars of sociology with interests in the history of the discipline and questions of research methodology.