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Introduction: Early identification of high-risk traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients is crucial for optimizing treatment strategies and improving outcomes. The C-reactive protein-to-lymphocyte ratio (CLR) reflects systemic immunology and inflammation function and serves as a new biomarker for patient stratification. This study aimed to assess the predictive value of the CLR for mortality in patients with isolated moderate to severe TBI. Methods: A retrospective analysis of trauma registry data from 2009 to 2022 was conducted, including 1641 adult patients with isolated moderate to severe TBI. Patient demographics, the CLR, injury characteristics, and outcomes were compared between deceased and surviving patients. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify mortality risk factors. The optimal CLR cut-off value for predicting mortality was determined using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: The CLR was significantly higher in deceased patients compared to survivors (60.1 vs. 33.9, p < 0.001). The optimal CLR cut-off value for predicting mortality was 54.5, with a sensitivity of 0.328 and a specificity of 0.812. The area under the ROC curve was 0.566, indicating poor discriminative ability. In the multivariate analysis, the CLR was not a significant independent predictor of mortality (OR 1.03, p = 0.051). After propensity score matching to attenuate the difference in baseline characteristics, including sex, age, comorbidities, conscious level, and injury severity, the high-CLR group (CLR ≥ 54.5) did not have significantly higher mortality compared to the low-CLR group (CLR < 54.5). Conclusion: While the CLR was associated with mortality in TBI patients, it demonstrated poor discriminative ability as a standalone predictor. The association between a high CLR and worse outcomes may be primarily due to other baseline patient and injury characteristics, rather than the CLR itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With increasing numbers of patients worldwide diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, renal disease, and iatrogenic immune deficiencies, an increased understanding of the role of electrolyte interactions in mitigating pathogen virulence is necessary. The levels of divalent cations affect host susceptibility and pathogen survival in persons with relative immune insufficiency. For instance, when host cellular levels of calcium are high compared to magnesium, this relationship contributes to insulin resistance and triples the risk of clinical tuberculosis. The movement of divalent cations within intracellular spaces contributes to the host defense, causing apoptosis or autophagy of the pathogen. The control of divalent cation flow is dependent in part upon the mammalian natural resistance-associated macrophage protein (NRAMP) in the host. Survival of pathogens such as M tuberculosis within the bronchoalveolar macrophage is also dependent upon NRAMP. Pathogens evolve mutations to control the movement of calcium through external and internal channels. The host NRAMP as a metal transporter competes for divalent cations with the pathogen NRAMP in M tuberculosis (whether in latent, dormant, or active phase). This review paper summarizes mechanisms of pathogen offense and patient defense using inflow and efflux through divalent cation channels under the influence of parathyroid hormone vitamin D and calcitonin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colorectal cancer (CRC) affects approximately 2 million people worldwide. Obesity is the major risk factor for CRC. In addition, obesity contributes to a chronic inflammatory stage that enhances tumor progression through the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. In addition to an increased inflammatory response, obesity-associated cancer presents accrued molecular factors related to cancer characteristics, such as genome instability, sustained cell proliferation, telomere dysfunctions, angiogenesis, and microbial alteration, among others. Despite the evidence accumulated over the last few years, the treatments for obesity-associated CRC do not differ from the CRC treatments in normal-weight individuals. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on obesity-associated cancer, including its epidemiology, risk factors, molecular factors, and current treatments. Finally, we enumerate possible new therapeutic targets that may improve the conditions of obese CRC patients. Obesity is key for the development of CRC, and treatments resulting in the reversal of obesity should be considered as a strategy for improving antineoplastic CRC therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gliomas account for 24% of all the primary brain and Central Nervous System (CNS) tumors. These tumors are diverse in cellular origin, genetic profile, and morphology but collectively have one of the most dismal prognoses of all cancers. Work is constantly underway to discover a new effective form of glioma therapy. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) may be one of them. It involves the local or systemic application of a photosensitive compound—a photosensitizer (PS)—which accumulates in the affected tissues. Photosensitizer molecules absorb light of the appropriate wavelength, initiating the activation processes leading to the formation of reactive oxygen species and the selective destruction of inappropriate cells. Research focusing on the effective use of PDT in glioma therapy is already underway with promising results. In our work, we provide detailed insights into the molecular changes in glioma after photodynamic therapy. We describe a number of molecules that may contribute to the resistance of glioma cells to PDT, such as the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette efflux transporter G2, glutathione, ferrochelatase, heme oxygenase, and hypoxia-inducible factor 1. We identify molecular targets that can be used to improve the photosensitizer delivery to glioma cells, such as the epithelial growth factor receptor, neuropilin-1, low-density lipoprotein receptor, and neuropeptide Y receptors. We note that PDT can increase the expression of some molecules that reduce the effectiveness of therapy, such as Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), glutamate, and nitric oxide. However, the scientific literature lacks clear data on the effects of PDT on many of the molecules described, and the available reports are often contradictory. In our work, we highlight the gaps in this knowledge and point to directions for further research that may enhance the efficacy of PDT in the treatment of glioma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnesium (Mg), an essential nutrient with a wide area of physiological roles, stands as a cofactor in over 600 enzymatic reactions involved in the synthesis of proteins and nucleic acids, DNA repair, neuromuscular functions, neuronal transmission, cardiac rhythm regulation, and the modulation of metabolic pathways, as well as acting as a natural blocker for the calcium channels. Our objective was to highlight the most recent clinical data with respect to daily Mg intake (DMI) and metabolic traits, particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). This was a PubMed-based review of the English-language medical papers across different key terms of search; the time frame was from January 2019 until April 2024. We included (clinically relevant) original studies and excluded cases reports, series, reviews, editorials, opinion, experimental studies, and non-human data as well as studies that did not specifically assessed DMI and only provided assays of serum Mg, studies on patients diagnosed with type 1 or secondary DM. A total of 30 studies were included and we organized the key findings into several sections as follows. Studies investigating DMI in relationship with the adherence to local recommendations in diabetic subjects (n = 2, one transversal and another retrospective cohort; N = 2823) found that most of them had lower DMI. Deficient DMI was correlated with the risk of developing/having DM across five studies (n = 5, one prospective and four of cross-sectional design; N = 47,166). An inverse correlation between DMI and DM prevalence was identified, but these data are presented amid a rather heterogeneous spectrum. Four novel studies (N = 7279) analysed the relationship between DMI and DM control according to various methods (HbA1c, fasting and postprandial glycaemia, and insulin); the association may be linear in diabetic subjects only at certain levels of DMI; additionally, the multifactorial influence on HBA1c should take into consideration this dietary determinant, as well, but there are no homogenous results. Three studies concerning DMI and diabetic complications (one cross-sectional, one prospective, and another case–control study) in terms of retinopathy (n = 1, N = 3794) and nephropathy (n = 2, N = 4805) suggested a lower DMI was associated with a higher risk of such complications. Additionally, two other studies (one prospective and one retrospective cohort) focused on mortality (N = 6744), which, taking only certain mortality indicators into consideration, might be decreased in the subgroups with a higher DMI. Seven studies (N = 30,610) analysed the perspective of DMI in the general population with the endpoint of different features amid glucose profile, particularly, insulin resistance. Concerning HOMA-IR, there were three confirmatory studies and one non-confirmatory, while fasting plasma glucose was highlighted as inversely correlated with a DMI (n = 1). The highest level of evidence regarding Mg supplementation effects on glucose metabolism stands on seven randomised controlled trials (N = 350). However, the sample size was reduced (from 14 to 86 individuals per study, either diabetic or pre-diabetic) and outcomes were rather discordant. These clinical aspects are essential from a multidisciplinary perspective and further trials are mandatory to address the current areas of discordant results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tropomyosin receptor kinases (Trks) are transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinases named TrkA, TrkB, and TrkC and encoded by the NTRK1, NTRK2, and NTRK3 genes, respectively. These kinases have attracted significant attention and represent a promising therapeutic target for solid tumor treatment due to their vital role in cellular signaling pathways. First-generation TRK inhibitors, i.e., Larotrectinib sulfate and Entrectinib, received clinical approval in 2018 and 2019, respectively. However, the use of these inhibitors was significantly limited because of the development of resistance due to mutations. Fortunately, the second-generation Trk inhibitor Repotrectinib (TPX-0005) was approved by the FDA in November 2023, while Selitrectinib (Loxo-195) has provided an effective solution to this issue. Another macrocycle-based analog, along with many other TRK inhibitors, is currently in clinical trials. Two of the three marketed drugs for NTRK fusion cancers feature a pyrazolo[1,5-a] pyrimidine nucleus, prompting medicinal chemists to develop numerous novel pyrazolopyrimidine-based molecules to enhance clinical applications. This article focuses on a comprehensive review of chronological synthetic developments and the structure–activity relationships (SAR) of pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives as Trk inhibitors. This article will also provide comprehensive knowledge and future directions to the researchers working in the field of medicinal chemistry by facilitating the structural modification of pyrazolo [1,5-a]pyrimidine derivatives to synthesize more effective novel chemotherapeutics as TRK inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dietary restriction (DR) protocols frequently employ intermittent fasting. Following a period of fasting, meal consumption increases lipogenic gene expression, including that of NADPH-generating enzymes that fuel lipogenesis in white adipose tissue (WAT) through the induction of transcriptional regulators SREBP-1c and CHREBP. SREBP-1c knockout mice, unlike controls, did not show an extended lifespan on the DR diet. WAT cytoplasmic NADPH is generated by both malic enzyme 1 (ME1) and the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP), while liver cytoplasmic NADPH is primarily synthesized by folate cycle enzymes provided one-carbon units through serine catabolism. During the daily fasting period of the DR diet, fatty acids are released from WAT and are transported to peripheral tissues, where they are used for beta-oxidation and for phospholipid and lipid droplet synthesis, where monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) may activate Nrf1 and inhibit ferroptosis to promote longevity. Decreased WAT NADPH from PPP gene knockout stimulated the browning of WAT and protected from a high-fat diet, while high levels of NADPH-generating enzymes in WAT and macrophages are linked to obesity. But oscillations in WAT [NADPH]/[NADP+] from feeding and fasting cycles may play an important role in maintaining metabolic plasticity to drive longevity. Studies measuring the WAT malate/pyruvate as a proxy for the cytoplasmic [NADPH]/[NADP+], as well as studies using fluorescent biosensors expressed in the WAT of animal models to monitor the changes in cytoplasmic [NADPH]/[NADP+], are needed during ad libitum and DR diets to determine the changes that are associated with longevity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been a rising interest in the iron and steel industry in replacing fossil-based carbon carriers in their processes because they are the main origin of the anthropogenic carbon emissions within the industry. The use of bio-based carbon carriers could be one solution to partly tackle this challenge. Conventionally, biocarbon is produced by pyrolysis with fixed heating rate, pyrolysis temperature, and retention time. Although the mechanisms behind the formation of biocarbon and the decomposition temperatures of the main compounds of biomass-based materials are known, this knowledge is rarely being utilized in the design of commercial pyrolysis reactors, even though the pyrolysis mechanism-based approach increases the biocarbon yield. In this study, the mechanistic pathway of carbonization of lignocellulosic biomass is taken into account to produce biocarbon with higher yield and quality than conventional pyrolysis with the same process time. Results show that when the process time is the same in both methods, segmented pyrolysis increases biocarbon yield up to 5.4% within a pyrolysis temperature range from 300 °C to 900 °C. Also, fixed carbon yield increased 1.5% in this temperature area. When using segmented pyrolysis, the most suitable pyrolysis temperature is 700 °C based on the characteristics of the produced biocarbon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The evolution of e-retail and the contribution of artificial intelligence in improving algorithms for greater customer engagement highlight the potential of these technologies to develop e-commerce further, making it more accessible and personalized to meet individual needs. This study aims to explore the psychosocial factors (subjective norms; faith; consciousness; perceived control) that affect AI-enabled ease of use and their impact on purchase intention in online retail. We will also assess the mediating effect of AI-enabled ease of use between psychosocial factors and consumer purchase intention. A quantitative methodology was used, and 1438 responses were collected from Portuguese consumers on e-retail. Structural equation modeling was used for the statistical treatment. The findings indicate that subjective norms do not positively impact AI-enabled ease of use, whereas factors such as faith, consciousness, and perceived control do enhance it. Furthermore, AI-enabled ease of use itself boosts purchase intention. Additionally, the effects of subjective norms, faith, consciousness, and perceived control on purchase intention are significantly enhanced when mediated by AI-enabled ease of use, highlighting the crucial role of usability in shaping consumer purchase behavior. The contribution of this study has been made through the formulation model that provides a systematized perspective about the influencers of purchase intentions and extends the knowledge about the impact of artificial intelligence in e-retail. Furthermore, this study offers insights into the impact of artificial intelligence in e-commerce—artificial intelligence directly affects purchase intentions and plays an important mediator role in the interaction mechanisms between psychosocial factors and purchase intentions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prostate cancer (PC) is a prevalent and potentially fatal form of cancer that affects men globally. However, the existing diagnostic methods, such as biopsies or digital rectal examination (DRE), have limitations in terms of invasiveness, cost, and accuracy. This study proposes a novel machine learning approach for the diagnosis of PC by leveraging clinical biomarkers and personalized questionnaires. In our research, we explore various machine learning methods, including traditional, tree-based, and advanced tabular deep learning methods, to analyze tabular data related to PC. Additionally, we introduce the novel utilization of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and transfer learning, which have been predominantly applied in image-related tasks, for handling tabular data after being transformed to proper graphical representations via our proposed Tab2Visual modeling framework. Furthermore, we investigate leveraging the prediction accuracy further by constructing ensemble models. An experimental evaluation of our proposed approach demonstrates its effectiveness in achieving superior performance attaining an F1-score of 0.907 and an AUC of 0.911. This offers promising potential for the accurate detection of PC without the reliance on invasive and high-cost procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic low back pain (cLBP) is the most frequently reported cause of years lived with disability. Identifying the anatomical structures or dysfunction contributing to patients' symptoms is critical to guiding treatment. The etiology of back pain and differential diagnosis is often broad, ranging from non-degenerative cLBP (trauma, tumor, inflammation, infection, etc.) to degenerative (also described as nonspecific) cLBP. After eliminating suspicion for more insidious causes of cLBP, a thorough investigation can be conducted in an attempt to identify a source of degenerative cLBP. Degenerative cLBP can originate from many sources, and a detailed understanding of the structures potentially involved is invaluable for an accurate diagnosis. This review article aims to provide a broad overview of the utility of clinical history, physical exam findings, imaging findings, and diagnostic procedures in identifying the cause of patients' cLBP. We provide a framework to help guide clinicians by dividing the structures into groups as follows: anterior vertebral column, posterior vertebral column, and extra-vertebral pain. For each condition listed, we touch on the treatment options that can be considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vacuum and air atmospheres impose very different requirements on tribological-loaded contacts, which usually require different surface materials. While hard tetrahedral amorphous carbon (ta-C) coatings provide good tribological properties in air, soft coatings such as molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) work well in a vacuum. Tribological performance in the respective other environment, however, is poor. In this work, the combination of laser microstructured (direct laser interference patterning) steel substrates and the deposition of ta-C and MoSx coatings with vacuum arc evaporation (LaserArc™) was studied, resulting in steel/DLIP, steel/DLIP/ta-C, steel/DLIP/MoSx, steel/DLIP/ta-C/MoSx, and steel/MoSx surface combinations. The tribological properties were studied using a ball-on-disk tribometer with a steel ball counter body in air and in a vacuum (p < 5 × 10−7 mbar). The type of the topmost coating governed their tribological properties in the respective atmosphere, and no general beneficial influence of the microstructure was found. However, steel/DLIP/ta-C/MoSx performed best in both conditions and endured the highest contact pressure, which is attributed to the mechanical support of the ta-C coating and MoSx reservoir in the remaining structure, as evidenced by Raman spectroscopy. The findings suggest that such combination allows for surfaces bearing a high load capacity that can be applied in both a vacuum and in air, for example, in multi-use space applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Azorella compacta (A. compacta) is a shrub of the Andean Altiplano of Bolivia, Chile and Peru, consumed by local communities as a traditional medicine for several maladies such as diabetes, hepatic and inflammatory diseases. A. compacta is rich in mulinane- and azorellane-type diterpenoids. For two of these, acute hypoglycemic effects have been described, but the impact of A. compacta diterpenoids on fatty liver disease has not been investigated. Therefore, A. compacta organic fractions were prepared using petroleum ether, dichloromethane and methanol. Their content was characterized by UHPLC/MS, revealing the presence of ten diterpenoids, mainly mulinic acid, azorellanol and mulin-11,13-diene. Next, mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD), a model of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), received one of the fractions in drinking water for two weeks. After this treatment, hepatic parameters were evaluated. The A. compacta fractions did not reduce hyperglycemia or body weight in the HFD-fed mice but increased the serum levels of hepatic transaminases (AST and ALT), reduced albumin and increased bilirubin, indicating hepatic damage, while histopathological alterations such as steatosis, inflammation and necrosis generated by the HFD were, overall, not ameliorated by the fractions. These results suggest that organic A. compacta extracts may generate hepatic complications in patients with MAFLD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After more than five decades, Moore's Law for transistors is approaching the end of the international technology roadmap of semiconductors (ITRS). The fate of complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) architecture has become increasingly unknown. In this era, 3D transistors in the form of gate-all-around (GAA) transistors are being considered as an excellent solution to scaling down beyond the 5 nm technology node, which solves the difficulties of carrier transport in the channel region which are mainly rooted in short channel effects (SCEs). In parallel to Moore, during the last two decades, transistors with a fully depleted SOI (FDSOI) design have also been processed for low-power electronics. Among all the possible designs, there are also tunneling field-effect transistors (TFETs), which offer very low power consumption and decent electrical characteristics. This review article presents new transistor designs, along with the integration of electronics and photonics, simulation methods, and continuation of CMOS process technology to the 5 nm technology node and beyond. The content highlights the innovative methods, challenges, and difficulties in device processing and design, as well as how to apply suitable metrology techniques as a tool to find out the imperfections and lattice distortions, strain status, and composition in the device structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper presents a new conceptualization of digital service anchored in a coconstitutive ontology of digital "x" phenomena, illuminating the pivotal role of the digital qualifier in the service context. Our objective is to provide a theoretically grounded conceptualization of digital service and its impact on the nature of the value cocreation process that characterizes digital phenomena. Design/methodology/approach: Drawing from scholarly works on digital phenomena and fundamental principles of service-dominant logic, this paper delineates the essence of digital service based on the interplay between digitization and digitalization as well as the operational dynamics of generativity and its constitutive dimensions (architecture, community, governance). Findings: The paper defines digital service as a sociotechnical process of value cocreation, where participants dynamically architect, govern and leverage digital resources. This perspective highlights the organic development of digital service and the prevalence of decentralized control mechanisms. It also underscores how the intersection between generativity's dimensions—architecture, community and governance—shapes the dynamic evolution and outcomes of digital services. Originality/value: Our conceptual framework sheds light on our understanding of digital service, offering a foundation to further explore its nature and implications for research and practice, which we illustrate using the case of ChatGPT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fashion industry is an integral part of people's lives with different purchasing behaviors depending on age and education. In this paper, we focused on the perception of online shopping for second-hand clothes and shoes among Generation Z. This group has a lot of experience in using technology, so online shopping is a suitable way to buy second-hand clothes. The article aims to analyze the online shopping behavior of Gen Z, focusing on benefits, obstacles, environmental awareness, and preferred shopping platforms. We studied consumer preferences in shopping for second-hand clothes based on a sample consisting of 340 respondents representing Generation Z through an online Google Forms questionnaire published from November to January. The results show that price is the biggest advantage of shopping for second-hand clothes. Moreover, we found that the environmental aspect plays a significant role for all consumers, regardless of the online experience of shopping for second-hand clothes and shoes. The correspondence maps demonstrate that consumers with shopping experience planning a future purchase of second-hand clothing are aware of the environmental impact of purchasing clothing together with potential buyers of second-hand clothing, unlike consumers without any interest in purchasing second-hand clothing. These consumers and potential buyers of second-hand clothing consider environmental protection and high-quality, diverse (unique) clothing to be key benefits, in contrast to a smaller selection and used clothing. These conclusions provide a theoretical basis for understanding the sustainability and shopping requirements of the selected group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) can provide important information regarding the molecular evolution and phylogenetic relationships of marine invertebrates, especially in Brachyura. Only one Cancroidea species of mitogenomes has been sequenced before; in this research, the mitogenomic characteristics of Metacarcinus magister (Cancridae: Cancroidea) are newly studied. The length of the M. magister mitogenome was 48,820 bp, and it contained the typical 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 22 transfer RNA genes. We performed a series of analyses on the characteristics of the mNCR of M. magister. The phylogenetics, life circumstances, and selective pressures were all analyzed to explain the formation of this length, which revealed the length of the M. magister mitogenome to be approximately three times greater than the normal length of Brachyuran mitogenomes. Phylogenetic analyses based on a dataset of 215 Decapodan mitogenomes indicated that all Eriphioidea crabs were clustered together as a group. Moreover, the rearrangement mechanism of the Cancroidea species was predicted to provide stronger evidence for the phylogenetic analysis. In general, the results obtained in this study will contribute to a better understanding of the cause of the unusual length of the M. magister mitogenome and provide new insights into the phylogeny of Brachyura. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An organism's ability to function properly depends not solely on its diet but also on the intake of nutrients and non-nutritive bioactive compounds that exert immunomodulatory effects. This principle applies both to healthy individuals and, in particular, to those with concomitant chronic conditions, such as type 2 diabetes. However, the current food industry and the widespread use of highly processed foods often lead to nutritional deficiencies. Numerous studies have confirmed the occurrence of immune system dysfunction in patients with type 2 diabetes. This article elucidates the impact of specific nutrients on the immune system function, which maintains homeostasis of the organism, with a particular emphasis on type 2 diabetes. The role of macronutrients, micronutrients, vitamins, and selected substances, such as omega-3 fatty acids, coenzyme Q10, and alpha-lipoic acid, was taken into consideration, which outlined the minimum range of tests that ought to be performed on patients in order to either directly or indirectly determine the severity of malnutrition in this group of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bioluminescence is the production of visible light by an organism. This phenomenon is particularly widespread in marine animals, especially in the deep sea. While the luminescent status of numerous marine animals has been recently clarified thanks to advancements in deep-sea exploration technologies and phylogenetics, that of others has become more obscure due to dramatic changes in systematics (themselves triggered by molecular phylogenies). Here, we combined a comprehensive literature review with unpublished data to establish a catalogue of marine luminescent animals. Inventoried animals were identified to species level in over 97% of the cases and were associated with a score reflecting the robustness of their luminescence record. While luminescence capability has been established in 695 genera of marine animals, luminescence reports from 99 additional genera need further confirmation. Altogether, these luminescent and potentially luminescent genera encompass 9405 species, of which 2781 are luminescent, 136 are potentially luminescent (e.g., suggested luminescence in those species needs further confirmation), 99 are non-luminescent, and 6389 have an unknown luminescent status. Comparative analyses reveal new insights into the occurrence of luminescence among marine animal groups and highlight promising research areas. This work will provide a solid foundation for future studies related to the field of marine bioluminescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted global supply chains, posing significant challenges to the textile and clothing industry. However, amidst these threats, there is a unique opportunity to rebuild a more sustainable and resilient fashion industry. This paper explores the shift from pre-COVID-19 business models and consumption values towards a renaissance characterized by real sustainability. By examining the transition from eco-efficiency to eco-effectiveness and from cradle-to-grave to cradle-to-cradle approaches, this study emphasizes the need for the active involvement of key stakeholders in co-creating value for all. Through a comprehensive analysis of the post-COVID era, this study aims to understand textile and clothing industry professionals' perceptions and attitudes towards sustainable design practices and identify challenges in implementing such strategies. The findings contribute to the knowledge of sustainability in the post-COVID era and provide insights and strategies for textile and clothing industry players to thrive in a sustainable and transformed landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oral delivery strategy of natural anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agents has attracted great attention to improve the effectiveness of ulcerative colitis (UC) treatment. Herein, we developed a novel orally deliverable nanoparticle, carboxymethyl chitosan (CMC)-modified astaxanthin (AXT)-loaded nanoparticles (CMC-AXT-NPs), for UC treatment. The CMC-AXT-NPs were evaluated by appearance, morphology, particle size, ζ-potential, and encapsulation efficiency (EE). The results showed that CMC-AXT-NPs were nearly spherical in shape with a particle size of 34.5 nm and ζ-potential of −30.8 mV, and the EE of CMC-AXT-NPs was as high as 95.03%. The CMC-AXT-NPs exhibited preferable storage stability over time and well-controlled drug-release properties in simulated intestinal fluid. Additionally, in vitro studies revealed that CMC-AXT-NPs remarkably inhibited cytotoxicity induced by LPS and demonstrated superior antioxidant and anti-inflammatory abilities in Raw264.7 cells. Furthermore, CMC-AXT-NPs effectively alleviated clinical symptoms of colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium salt (DSS), including maintaining body weight, inhibiting colon shortening, and reducing fecal bleeding. Importantly, CMC-AXT-NPs suppressed the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines like TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β and ameliorated DSS-induced oxidative damage. Our results demonstrated the potential of CMC-modified nanoparticles as an oral delivery system and suggested these novel AXT nanoparticles could be a promising strategy for UC treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This paper aims to explore the increasing importance of the intraorganizational dimension of the sales role (IDSR) based on service-ecosystem theory. Specifically, it examines how firms can improve interactions both internally and with external actors and stakeholders to both create and sustain advantageous "thin crossing points" (Hartmann et al. 2018). Academic research on sales ecosystems has yet to fully harness the rich insights and potential afforded by the crossing-point perspective. Design/methodology/approach: After developing and unpacking the paper's guiding conceptual framework (Figure 1), the authors focus on crossing points and the diversity of interactions between the contemporary sales force and its many stakeholders. They examine the sales literature, identify opportunities for thinning sales crossing points and propose dozens of research questions and needs. Findings: The paper examines the importance of improving interactions both within and outside the vendor firm to thin crossing points, further develops the concept of the "sales ecosystem" and contributes a series of important research questions for future examination. Research limitations/implications: The paper focuses on applying "thick" and "thin" crossing points, a key element of Hartman et al. (2018). The primary limitation of the paper is that it focuses solely on the crossing-points perspective and does not consider other applications of Hartman et al. (2018). Practical implications: This work informs managers of the need to improve interactions both within and outside the firm by thinning crossing points. Improving relationships with stakeholders will improve many vendor firm and customer outcomes, including performance. Originality/value: Integrating findings from the literature, the authors propose a conceptual framework to encompass the entire diversity of idiosyncratic interactions as well as long-term relationships the sales force experiences. They discuss the strategic importance of thinning crossing points as well as the competitive disadvantages, even peril, "thick" crossing points create. They propose an ambitious research agenda based on dozens of questions to drive further examination of the IDSR from a sales-ecosystem perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A physics-based model on polarization switching in ferroelectric polycrystalline films is proposed. The calculation results by the model agree well with experimental results regarding dynamic operations of ferroelectric-gate field-effect transistors (FeFETs). In the model, an angle θ for each grain in the ferroelectric polycrystal is defined, where θ is the angle between the spontaneous polarization and the film normal direction. Under a constant electric field for a single-crystal film with θ = 0, phenomena regarding polarization domain nucleation and wall propagation are well described by the Kolmogorov–Avrami–Ishibashi theory. Since the electric fields are time-dependent in FeFET operations and the θ values are distributed in the polycrystalline film, the model in this paper forms an extended Kolmogorov–Avrami–Ishibashi (EKAI) model. Under a low electric field, the nucleation and domain propagation proceed according to thermally activated processes, meaning that switching the time scale of a grain with the angle θ is proportional to an exponential form as e x p (c o n s t. / E z c o s θ) [ E z : the film-normal electric field]. Wide θ distribution makes the time response quite broad even on the logarithmic scale, which relates well with the broad switching time experimentally shown by FeFETs. The EKAI model is physics based and need not assume non-physical distribution functions in it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of natural products with complicated architectures often requires the use of segments with functional groups that can be structurally transformed with the desired stereogenic centers. Bicyclic -lactones have great potential as a suitable segment for natural product synthesis. However, the stereoselective construction of such functionalized bicyclic -lactones is not as straightforward as one might expect. The template-mediated Diels–Alder reaction is one of the most powerful and versatile methods for providing bicyclic -lactones with high regioselectivity and stereoselectivity. In this reaction, the diene is linked to the dienophile by a temporary tether, allowing the reaction to proceed efficiently, yielding a product that can be used for natural product synthesis. This review describes some important instances of the template-mediated Diels–Alder reaction and its application to the synthesis of biologically active compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The study proposes an evaluation model that allows quantitative characterization of the effects of service quality on consumer's satisfaction for online food delivery (OFD) services in a nonlinear manner. As such, the authors endeavor to bridge the research-to-practice gaps whereby the effect magnitudes and nonlinear patterns of service quality have been overlooked in the current literature. Design/methodology/approach: The quantitative Kano method is adopted. A Kano questionnaire was first developed by synthesizing and operationalizing existing evidence on OFD service qualities. The questionnaire solicited consumers' evaluations of 21 OFD service attributes, and it was distributed to an online panel in Singapore. With 580 valid responses, the functions that quantitatively depict effects of each attribute on consumer's satisfaction were subsequently derived. Findings: The results reveal that among Singaporean consumers, food quality, reliability of delivery, responsiveness of customer support, ease-of-use of digital interfaces and promotions are pivotal attributes contributing to above-average satisfaction improvement across all performance levels. Meanwhile, delivery riders' attitudes and real-time tracking functions emerge as substantial contributors to satisfaction at high-performance levels. Practical implications: The findings provide crucial insights for OFD practitioners in Singapore in resource prioritization and service optimization. This study demonstrated the importance of streamlining customer support services and focusing on the utilitarian aspects of OFD services. Moreover, these results can be employed in advanced service improvement procedures, providing a roadmap for future OFD service enhancements. Originality/value: This study pioneers the development of a quantitative quality evaluation model in the OFD context. With the established quantitative Kano model, the study addresses the omission of effect magnitudes and nonlinear patterns of service quality. It highlights the transition from a binary "does it affect satisfaction" to a more nuanced "how much does it affect satisfaction" approach, offering a robust understanding of consumer's satisfaction dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dimethoate contaminants in food pose a threat to human health. Rapid and sensitive trace detection methods are required to keep food safe. In this study, a novel fluorescent aptasensor was developed for the sensitive detection of dimethoate based on carbon quantum dots labeled with double-stranded DNA (CQDs−apt−cDNA) and Ti3C2Tx flakes. Under optimal conditions, the aptasensor showed a good linear range of 1 × 10−9 to 5 × 10−5 M for dimethoate with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.996. Besides, a low detection limit of 2.18 × 10−10 M was obtained. The aptasensor showed high selectivity in interference samples and good reproducibility with an RSD of 3.06% (<5%) for dimethoate detection. Furthermore, the proposed aptasensor was applied to the detection of dimethoate in apple juice and tap water with satisfactory recoveries from 96.2 to 104.4%. Because of these benefits, this aptasensor has the potential and promise for detecting food contaminants in the food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes mellitus is associated with various complications, mainly caused by the chronic exposure of the cells to high glucose (HG) concentrations. The effects of long-term HG exposure in vitro accompanied by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) application on astrocytes are relatively unknown. We used cell medium with normal (NG, 5.5 mM) or high glucose (HG, 25 mM) for rat astrocyte cultures and measured the release of NO, IL-6, β-hexosaminidase and cell survival in response to LPS. We first demonstrated that HG long-term incubation of astrocytes increased the release of β-hexosaminidase without decreasing MTT-detected cell survival, suggesting that there is no cell membrane damage or astrocyte death but could be lysosome exocytosis. Different from what was observed for NG, all LPS concentrations tested at HG resulted in an increase in IL-6, and this was detected for both 6 h and 48 h treatments. Interestingly, β-hexosaminidase level increased after 48 h of LPS and only at HG. The NO release from astrocytes also increased with LPS application at HG but was less significant. These data endorsed the original hypothesis that long-term hyperglycemia increases proinflammatory activation of astrocytes, and β-hexosaminidase could be a specific marker of excessive activation of astrocytes associated with exocytosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the latest generation of integrated circuits use FinFET transistors for their performance, but what about their reliability? Does the architectural evolution from planar MOSFET to FinFET transistor have any effect on the integrated circuit reliability? In this article, we present a test bench we have developed to age and measure the degradation of 5103 ring oscillators (ROs) implemented in nine FPGAs with 16nm FinFET under different temperature and voltage conditions ( V n o m ≤ V s t r e s s ≤ 1.3 V n o m and 25 ° C ≤ T s t r e s s ≤ 115 ° C ) close to operational conditions in order to predict reliability regarding degradation mechanisms at the transistor scale (BTI, HCI and TDDB) as realistically as possible. By comparing our initial RO measurements and the data extracted from Vivado, we will show that the performance of the nine FPGAs is between 50 % and 70 % of the best performance expected by Vivado. After 8000 h of ageing, we will see that the relative degradations of the RO are a maximum of 1 % , which is a first indicator proving the FPGAs' good reliability. By comparing our results with similar studies on 28 nm MOSFET FPGAs, we will reveal that 16 nm FinFET FPGAs are more reliable. To be implemented in an FPGA, an RO uses logic resources (LUT) and routing resources. We will show that degradation in the two types of resources is different. For this reason, we will present a method for separating degradations in logical and routing resources based on RO degradation measures. Finally, we will model rising and falling edge propagation time degradations in an FPGA as a function of time, temperature, voltage, signal duty cycle and resources used in the FPGA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decapod crustaceans are important components of the fauna of soft-bottom habitats. In this work, the records of decapod crustaceans are provided through the analysis of a large soft-bottom benthic macroinvertebrates dataset of the Central Mediterranean Sea. Decapod crustacean assemblages were collected in the last twenty years by a Van Veen grab in 42 study sites located along the Italian coasts at depths ranging from 1 up to 120 m. The spatial distribution of the crustaceans examined, which include 120 species belonging to 40 families, was investigated according to the biogeographical zones identified in the Italian seas. The spatial distribution of 36 species was updated, comparing the ISPRA decapod crustacean dataset with the most recent Italian checklists. For the species updated, the number of specimens, the year and season of sampling, and environmental data, such as the bathymetric range and habitat details, are provided for each site investigated. Data are discussed and compared with the existing literature, also referring to what is reported in the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS), with the aim of contributing to the knowledge of the biodiversity of the marine species and supporting the updating of checklists and registers in the Mediterranean Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gaultheria procumbens L. is a medicinal plant whose aerial parts (leaves, stems, and fruits) and methyl salicylate-rich essential oil (wintergreen oil) are used in phytotherapy to treat inflammation, muscular pain, and infection-related disorders. This overview summarises the current knowledge about ethnobotany, phytochemistry, pharmacology, molecular mechanisms, biocompatibility, and traditional use of G. procumbens and the wintergreen oil distilled from different plant organs. Over 70 hydrophilic compounds, including methyl salicylate glycosides, flavonoids, procyanidins, free catechins, caffeoylquinic acids, and simple phenolic acids, have been identified in G. procumbens plant parts. Moreover, aliphatic compounds, triterpene acids, and sterols have been revealed in lipophilic fractions. Furthermore, over 130 volatile compounds have been detected in wintergreen oil with dominating methyl salicylate (96.9–100%). The accumulated research indicates that mainly hydrophilic non-volatiles are responsible for the pharmacological effects of G. procumbens, primarily its potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and photoprotective activity, with mechanisms verified in vitro and ex vivo in cellular and cell-free assays. The biological effectiveness of the dominant methyl salicylate glycoside—gaultherin—has also been confirmed in animals. Wintergreen oil is reported as a potent anti-inflammatory agent exhibiting moderate antioxidant and antimicrobial activity in vitro and significant insecticidal and larvicidal capacity. Together, G. procumbens accumulate a diverse fraction of polyphenols, triterpenes, and volatiles with validated in vitro and ex vivo biological activity but with the absence of in vivo studies, especially clinical trials concerning effective dose determination and toxicological verification and technological research, including drug formulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a growing demand and use of herbal cosmetics for skin purposes due to their perceived safety when applied to the skin. Three Cassipourea species commonly known as "ummemezi" are used interchangeably by women in rural areas of Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal provinces to treat hypermelanosis as well as sun protection. We conducted a phytochemical comparison of three Cassipourea species; Cassipourea flanaganii (Schinz) Alston, Cassipourea gummiflua Tul. verticillata (N.E.Br.) J. Lewis and Cassipourea malosana (Baker) Alston by Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis in negative mode. The results obtained from the LC-MS/MS yielded a total number of twenty-four compounds of different chemical classes, including fatty acids, steroids, di- and tri-terpenoids, flavonoids, phenolic acids, and eighteen among them were tentatively identified. The LC-MS /MS analysis showed that the three studied Cassipourea extracts contain compounds that have anti-tyrosinase activity and consequently. The presence of these compounds, either in synergy or individually, can be attributed to the anti-tyrosinase effect. Although the traditional names of the species are used interchangeably, they are different, however, they possess similar skin-lightening properties. Despite the recent popularity of modern cosmetic products, plants continue to play an important role in the local cosmetics industry in South Africa's Eastern Cape and KwaZulu-Natal community provinces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: In patients with colon cancer, the number of lymph nodes examined during surgery can have a significant impact on their long-term survival. We conducted a study with over 7000 patients and found that those who had at least 12 lymph nodes evaluated had better survival rates. A younger age, specific cancer stages, and a right-sided tumor location were associated with a higher number of lymph nodes examined. Additionally, we discovered that the ratio of metastatic to examined nodes (LNR) was a valuable predictor of survival and provided more precise information than the conventional pN classification system. This research emphasizes the importance of a thorough lymph node evaluation in colon cancer patients for accurate prognosis and treatment decisions. Due to the impact of nodal metastasis on colon cancer prognosis, adequate regional lymph node resection and accurate pathological evaluation are required. The ratio of metastatic to examined nodes may bring an additional prognostic value to the actual staging system. This study analyzes the identification of factors influencing a high lymph node yield and its impact on survival. The lymph node ratio was determined in patients with fewer than 12 or at least 12 evaluated nodes. The study included patients after radical colon cancer resection in UICC stages II and III. For the lymph node ratio (LNR) analysis, node-positive patients were divided into four categories: i.e., LNR 1 (<0.05), LNR 2 (≥0.05; <0.2), LNR 3 (≥0.2; <0.4), and LNR 4 (≥0.4), and classified into two groups: i.e., those with <12 and ≥12 evaluated nodes. The study was conducted on 7012 patients who met the set criteria and were included in the data analysis. The mean number of examined lymph nodes was 22.08 (SD 10.64, median 20). Among the study subjects, 94.5% had 12 or more nodes evaluated. These patients were more likely to be younger, women, with a lower ASA classification, pT3 and pN2 categories. Also, they had no risk factors and frequently had a right-sided tumor. In the multivariate analysis, a younger age, ASA classification of II and III, high pT and pN categories, absence of risk factors, and right-sided location remained independent predictors for a lymph node yield ≥12. The univariate survival analysis of the entire cohort demonstrated a better five-year overall survival (OS) in patients with at least 12 lymph nodes examined (68% vs. 63%, p = 0.027). The LNR groups showed a significant association with OS, reaching from 75.5% for LNR 1 to 33.1% for LNR 4 (p < 0.001) in the ≥12 cohort, and from 74.8% for LNR2 to 49.3% for LNR4 (p = 0.007) in the <12 cohort. This influence remained significant and independent in multivariate analyses. The hazard ratios ranged from 1.016 to 2.698 for patients with less than 12 nodes, and from 1.248 to 3.615 for those with at least 12 nodes. The LNR allowed for a more precise estimation of the OS compared with the pN classification system. The metastatic lymph node ratio is an independent predictor for survival and should be included in current staging and therapeutic decision-making processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Central Serous Chorioretinopathy (CSCR) is a significant cause of vision impairment worldwide, with Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) emerging as a promising treatment strategy. The capability to precisely segment fluid regions in Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) scans and predict the response to PDT treatment can substantially augment patient outcomes. This paper introduces a novel deep learning (DL) methodology for automated 3D segmentation of fluid regions in OCT scans, followed by a subsequent PDT response analysis for CSCR patients. Our approach utilizes the rich 3D contextual information from OCT scans to train a model that accurately delineates fluid regions. This model not only substantially reduces the time and effort required for segmentation but also offers a standardized technique, fostering further large-scale research studies. Additionally, by incorporating pre- and post-treatment OCT scans, our model is capable of predicting PDT response, hence enabling the formulation of personalized treatment strategies and optimized patient management. To validate our approach, we employed a robust dataset comprising 2,769 OCT scans (124 3D volumes), and the results obtained were significantly satisfactory, outperforming the current state-of-the-art methods. This research signifies an important milestone in the integration of DL advancements with practical clinical applications, propelling us a step closer towards improved management of CSCR. Furthermore, the methodologies and systems developed can be adapted and extrapolated to tackle similar challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of other retinal pathologies, favoring more comprehensive and personalized patient care., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Capitate hydrozoans are a morphologically and ecologically diverse hydrozoan suborder, currently including about 200 species. Being grouped in two clades, Corynida and Zancleida, these hydrozoans still show a number of taxonomic uncertainties at the species, genus and family levels. Many Capitata species established symbiotic relationships with other benthic organisms, including bryozoans, other cnidarians, molluscs and poriferans, as well as with planktonic dinoflagellates for mixotrophic relationships and with bacteria for thiotrophic ectosymbioses. Our study aimed at providing an updated and comprehensive phylogeny reconstruction of the suborder, at modelling the evolution of selected morphological and ecological characters, and at testing evolutionary relationships between the symbiotic lifestyle and the other characters, by integrating taxonomic, ecological and evolutionary data. The phylogenetic hypotheses here presented shed light on the evolutionary relationships within Capitata, with most families and genera being recovered as monophyletic. The genus Zanclea and family Zancleidae, however, were divided into four divergent clades, requiring the establishment of the new genus Apatizanclea and the new combinations for species in Zanclea and Halocoryne genera. The ancestral state reconstructions revealed that symbiosis arose multiple times in the evolutionary history of the Capitata, and that homoplasy is a common phenomenon in the group. Correlations were found between the evolution of symbiosis and morphological characters, such as the perisarc. Overall, our results highlighted that the use of genetic data and a complete knowledge of the life cycles are strongly needed to disentangle taxonomic and systematic issues in capitate hydrozoans. Finally, the colonization of tropical habitat appears to have influenced the evolution of a symbiotic lifestyle, playing important roles in the evolution of the group., (© 2023 The Authors. Cladistics published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Willi Hennig Society.)

This paper reports a qualitative study built upon the findings from this team's previous studies over the past two decades that identifies risk factors and guiding principles to develop a culturally sensitive practice model for Chinese youth in conflict with the law. Crime intervention for Chinese Canadian youth is under-researched. This paper reveals that Chinese youth and their parents internalize problems of systemic inequity. Their needs are not properly addressed due to model minority stereotyping. Over the last two decades, there is a shift in demographics of the Chinese community in Canada that mirrors the socio-economical changes in China over twenty years that requires cultural nuance in providing services to the Chinese community. In general, Chinese youth and their families experienced cultural and language barriers and challenges in addressing mental health issues. Keywords: Chinese youth, criminal justice system, crime, Youth Criminal Justice Act, extrajudicial measures, youth from racialized groups. Cet article rend compte d'une etude qualitative fondee sur les resultats des etudes anterieures menees par cette equipe au cours des deux dernieres decennies, qui identifie les facteurs de risque et les principes directeurs permettant d'elaborer un modele de pratique adapte a la culture des jeunes chinois en conflit avec la loi. L'intervention en matiere de criminalite pour les jeunes canadiens d'origine chinoise fait l'objet de peu de recherches. Cet article revele que les jeunes chinois et leurs parents interiorisent les problemes d'inegalite systemique. Leurs besoins ne sont pas correctement pris en compte en raison des stereotypes de la minorite modele. Au cours des deux dernieres decennies, la demographie de la communaute chinoise au Canada a evolue vers une image qui reflete les changements socio-economiques survenus en Chine ces vingt dernieres annees et qui necessite une nuance culturelle dans la fourniture de services a la communaute chinoise. En general, les jeunes chinois et leurs familles ont ete confrontes a des barrieres culturelles et linguistiques et a des difficultes pour aborder les questions de sante mentale. Mots-cles : Jeunes chinois, systeme de justice penale, criminalite, Loi sur le systeme de justice penale pour les adolescents, mesures extrajudiciaires, jeunes issus de groupes racialises., INTRODUCTION This paper reports a research study from 2015 to 2018 on investigating how cultural dimension plays a role in identifying risk factors and guiding principles to develop a culturally [...]