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This study aims to explore the overlapping influences of the home and school on peer victimization in adolescents under the notion of home-school partnership and to investigate how the parent-child relationship, teacher-student relationship, teenage depressive symptoms are related to peer victimization by constructing a moderated mediation model. It surveyed 1,710 students in 5-8 grades, using the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment, Student-Teacher Relationship Scale (brief version), Multidimensional Peer Victimization Scale, and Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (brief version). Research findings show that the parent-child relationship had a direct impact on peer victimization and indirectly affected peer victimization via the mediation of teenage depressive symptoms; and that teacher-student relationships had moderating effects on the three paths in the mediation model, playing roles in enhancing the protection effect of the parent-child relationship against peer victimization, weakening the possible impact of the parent-child relationship on teenager depression, and alleviating the predictive effect of depressive symptoms on peer victimization. The research suggests that home-school partnership is a viable avenue for the prevention of school bullying.

This article explores the impact of changes in teaching modalities resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of K-12 teachers, by gender, during the first year of the pandemic. Teachers from a random sample of K-12 schools in North Dakota and Minnesota were surveyed in April 2020, October 2020, and March/April 2021 about their current levels of stress and depression, as well as the frequency with which they experienced certain physical conditions. One-way analysis of variance and multiple regression were used to compare time points for each of the outcomes by gender. Female teachers were more likely to experience higher levels of stress than male teachers, while male teachers were more likely to experience higher levels of depression than female teachers, with spikes in stress and depression levels experienced by both males and females in Time 2. Additionally, physical symptoms were more likely to be experienced by female teachers, with Time 2 respondents overall reporting significantly higher proportions of physical symptoms than Time 1 or Time 3 respondents. Consistently experiencing heightened levels of stress and depression can lead to burnout for teachers. School districts need to monitor stress, especially among females, and depression, especially among males, to recognize the difference in experience for each gender in the teaching profession, as well as provide supports and resources to their teachers to help them in coping with these mental-health issues. [Note: The issue number (2) shown on the PDF is incorrect. The correct issue number is 1.]

Autistic individuals are at significantly higher risk of suicide than non-autistic individuals, with transition-aged youth at potentially the highest risk. While lower executive function (EF) skills have been significantly associated with suicide risk in other clinical samples, the link between EF and suicidality has not yet been examined for autistic individuals. In this study, 183 transition-aged autistic youths completed routine suicide risk assessments and self- and informant-reports of autistic traits, depression, and EF skills. On the P4 Suicide Screener, approximately one-third of the sample (33.3%) endorsed having thoughts of hurting themselves with the intent to end their lives (i.e., suicidal ideation) in their lifetime. In addition to depressive symptoms, EF impairment independently predicted endorsement of suicidal ideation, indicating that both are crucial intervention goals to target suicidal risk for transition-aged youth on the spectrum. Findings suggest that executive functioning, a prevalent area of difficulty and common intervention target for the autistic community, is an important indicator of suicide risk in this population.

Youth purpose was investigated using a two-phase embedded design with youth participating in Scouts BSA (N = 3,943), ages 9-20 (M = 14.0, SD = 1.9). Participating Scouts were mostly White (91%) and male (98%). In Phase 1, we conducted a two-step cluster analysis on Scouts' survey responses to three purpose dimensions (personal meaning, goal-directedness, beyond-the-self orientation). Four clusters emerged: "Purposeful", "Explorers", "Dreamers", "Nonpurposeful." In Phase 2, we explored qualities of purpose within each cluster and programmatic features and relationships within the scouting context fostering youth purpose with a Scout subsample (N = 30) who completed semi-structured interviews. Results demonstrated that adults supporting scouting, inspiration from older peers, and opportunities to help others and explore new activities supported youth purpose.

Parents' socialization beliefs have implications for the psychological adjustment of their children through their parenting behaviors; however, such pathways have rarely been established among Chinese American families. The present study examined how Chinese American parents' goals for their children to take on bicultural values and behaviors (i.e., bicultural socialization beliefs) influenced their child's level of depressive symptoms in emerging adulthood through their parenting behaviors and the level of parent-child alienation. Data came from Waves 2 (adolescence) and 3 (emerging adulthood) of a longitudinal study of 444 Chinese American families. Mothers' reports of their bicultural socialization beliefs positively predicted adolescents' reports of mothers' autonomy-supporting behaviors and interdependence-focused shaming behaviors. In addition, there was a significant and negative indirect effect of mothers' bicultural socialization beliefs on emerging adult depressive symptoms through adolescents' reports of mothers' autonomy-supporting behaviors and emerging adults' reports of alienation to their parents. In contrast, there was a significant and positive indirect effect from fathers' reports of their bicultural socialization beliefs to emerging adult depressive symptoms, through emerging adults' reports of alienation only. Findings contribute to our understanding of bicultural processes in Chinese American families and establish that parents' beliefs have significant implications for the psychological adjustment of Chinese American youth.

Adolescent anhedonia is a multidimensional construct defined as the loss of enjoyment or pleasure across multiple domains of life. Anhedonia is concurrently associated with substantial impairment and distress, and it prospectively predicts the onset, severity, and treatment of depression. Despite its demonstrated importance, a limited number of anhedonia measures are validated for adolescents. The current study assessed the psychometric properties of the Dimensional Anhedonia Rating Scale (DARS) in 400 English-speaking, 12- to 19-year-old adolescents. Overall, the DARS demonstrated good convergent and discriminant validity, but sub-optimal concurrent validity. The strengths and limitations of the DARS and its utility as a measure of adolescent anhedonia are discussed. Furthermore, future directions for the construction of measures of adolescent anhedonia are outlined.

The current study examined factorial invariance of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale-Revised (CESD-R) and the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) using a convenience sample of 434 adults surveyed though Amazon Mechanical Turk. Participants were sorted into two groups based on their score on the Autism-Spectrum Quotient. Results indicated that the CESD-R did not demonstrate configural invariance. The DASS-21 demonstrated evidence of scalar invariance, indicating cross-group equality in factor loadings and factor intercepts. Findings suggest that the DASS-21 measures symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress consistently across individuals with high and low levels of ASD-related traits, whereas the CESD-R may not be valid when assessing symptoms of depression in those with a high level of ASD-related traits.

Objective: Suicide is the second leading cause of death among college-age students in the U.S., with disparities in suicide ideation and attempts among Latinas. The current study aims to examine if depression severity predicts suicide ideation and attempts and to examine if caregiver intergeneration acculturation conflict (IAC) moderates this link. Participants: A sample of 246 Mexican-descent female college students. Methods: Self-reported measures for depression severity, male and female caregiver IAC, and suicide ideation and attempts in the previous 12-months were ascertained. Results: In our sample, 31.1% endorsed suicide ideation and 15.9% suicide attempts. Controlling for age, both male and female caregiver IAC moderated the relationship between depression severity and suicide ideation. A similar moderation pattern emerged for the suicide attempts outcome. Conclusions: Understanding this exacerbating contextual factor can help inform prevention/intervention efforts targeting Mexican-descent college students who are experiencing depressive symptoms by focusing on decreasing IAC with both caregivers.

Based on ecological systems theory and the genetic and environmental research paradigm, the current study explored the effect of school interpersonal relationship quality (peer and teacher-student) on adolescent depression and the role of perceived stress and the OXTR gene. Based on the statistical power of previous G*E interaction studies, A follow-up survey was conducted with 603 Chinese adolescents (average age = 14.76 ± 0.72 years at the time of the initial measurement; range: 13 to 15) using a questionnaire method (Short Form of the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, The Chinese version of Perceived Stress Scale, short form of Friendship Quality Questionnaire and Teacher-student Relationship) and DNA typing technique. The study found that (1) school interpersonal relationship quality influenced adolescent depression; (2) perceived stress fully mediated the relationship between school interpersonal relationship quality and adolescent depression; (3) the OXTR gene rs2254298 and rs53576 polymorphisms moderated both the direct pathway and the second half of the indirect pathway. Specifically, individuals carrying the rs2254298 polymorphism A/G genotype and the rs53576 polymorphism A genotype exhibited a significantly enhanced effect of interpersonal relationship quality and perceived stress on adolescent depression, supporting the differential susceptibility model.

The well-being of college students can be impacted by aspects of the physical environment, especially during key life transitions such as beginning college during a pandemic. This repeated cross-sectional study investigates the influence of a newly constructed living-learning neighborhood on first-year residents' mental well-being, specifically self-reported depression. The purpose of this study was to investigate (1) if residential first-year students' ratings of depression reflected differences between two built environments: old residential facilities and newer facilities that were part of a neighborhood, (2) if gender has an effect on these perceptions, and (3) if increased environmental satisfaction with different spaces in the new neighborhood drives lower depression scores. Students in two cohorts (n[subscript cohort 1] = 120; n[subscript cohort 2] = 112) were surveyed during the pandemic in the summers of 2020 and 2021. To improve the accuracy of predicting depression, participants' subjective satisfaction with their lives was controlled when investigating the influence of a change in the environment. First-year students who lived in the new neighborhood reported significantly lower depression scores than did their counterparts who lived in the old residential facilities. Results also reveal that this reduction in depression holds regardless of gender. Finally, as college residents' overall environmental satisfaction increases, their feelings of depression decrease, after controlling for their life satisfaction. Further, satisfaction within the personal residential (micro) environment has the strongest correlation with mental well-being. The findings from this study allude to the residential environment being the functional area that is most predictive of college residents' mental well-being. Implications for designers and administrators are discussed. [Discussion questions developed by Taylor Lawson and Eric Massey.]

Background: Chronic migraines result in debilitating pain requiring complex and multifaceted daily management, including acting purposefully to attenuate symptoms and decrease impairment. Experiencing migraines may be more psychologically challenging for adolescent and young adult (AYA) women due to complex and recurrent stressors. Purpose: This study examined the relationships between illness specific cognitive appraisal mechanisms (i.e., illness uncertainty and illness intrusiveness) and psychological adjustment (i.e., anxious and depressive symptoms) in AYA women with self-reported chronic migraines. Methods: AYA women (N = 74, M[subscript age] = 20.19, SD = 3.41) with chronic migraines completed measures of illness uncertainty, illness intrusiveness, anxious, and depressive symptoms. Results: Two hierarchical regression analyses indicated that illness uncertainty (B = 0.44, p < 0.001) and intrusiveness (B = 0.27, p = 0.026) significantly predicted anxious, F(4, 68) = 12.83, p < 0.001, and depressive symptoms, F(4, 68) = 8.48, p < 0.001, B = 0.31, p = 0.021 and B = 0.27, p = 0.037. Discussion: Greater illness uncertainty and illness intrusiveness were associated with greater anxious and depressive symptoms. Thus, it may be that AYA women who experience chronic migraines have increased perceptions of ambiguity, unpredictability, and disruption to their life that significantly contribute to their psychological adjustment outcomes. Translation to Health Education Practice: This study demonstrates a need for health education on the role of illness related cognitive appraisal mechanisms for AYA women with chronic migraines.

The underlying mechanisms between family income and mental health of children merit further investigation. Based on the family stress model and the psychological factors model, we proposed that familial factors (parental depression and parenting) and the individual factor (child self-esteem) would mediate the relationship between family income and child depression concurrently. Data were obtained from a nationally representative longitudinal survey (i.e., the China Family Panel Studies), involving 1,283 families (2,732 parents and 1,384 children). The age of the children ranged from 4 to 15 years (M[subscript age] = 8.04, SD = 1.87) at baseline. Path analysis showed that the effect of family income (in 2010, T1) on child depression (in 2014, T3) was mediated by parental depression (in 2012, T2), parental bonding (in 2012 or 2014, T2 or T3), and child self-esteem (in 2012 or 2014, T2 or T3), in a parallel rather than sequential manner. The findings indicate that health policies and psychosocial interventions that simultaneously improve parental depression, parenting techniques, and child self-esteem would be an effective approach to alleviate the impact of family income on child depression.

Research Findings: Very little research has examined whether the contributions of Head Start's Family Service Workers (FSWs) and family partnership services influence family and child outcomes. Using data from 215 families in the 2014 Head Start Family and Child Experiences Survey (FACES), this study used structural equation models to examine associations between FSWs' relationship, empowerment, and communication practices; families' receipt of income supports; change in parent depression symptoms; and change in child approaches to learning, early literacy, early math, and social skills. FSWs' practices and family receipt of income supports over the Head Start year were associated with reduced parent depression symptoms. Receipt of income supports also was associated with children's improved approaches to learning skills. Results suggest that Head Start's family partnership staff and services can help support parents and children living in poverty, identifying critical elements of successful two-generation programming. Practice or Policy: These findings have implications for Head Start and other two-generation programs targeting families with low incomes and suggest investment in strategies to help families address their financial needs and in staff who families view as supportive.

Objectives: While there are good reasons to assume that mindfulness protects against burnout in students, nothing is known about the role of caring for bliss. This study examined whether caring for bliss moderated the relationship between mindfulness at baseline and aspects of burnout approximately 12 weeks later. Participants: Students (n = 92) from a university in the United States. Methods: Online surveys were administered in 2018. Results: Moderated regression analyses, controlling for depressive symptoms and burnout at baseline, revealed that caring for bliss moderated the relationship between earlier mindfulness and two aspects of later student burnout, namely emotional exhaustion and cynicism. Specifically, exhaustion and cynicism were low when students reported either low or high scores on both mindfulness and caring for bliss. No moderating effect was found for academic efficacy. Conclusions: Mindfulness and caring for bliss appear to work synergistically to reduce aspects of student burnout over time.

The current study longitudinally investigated how personal (depression) and family (parental monitoring) factors affect middle school peer victimization through school factors (academic performance, risky peer influence, and school belongingness) in mainland China. This study relied on large-scale 3-year longitudinal national data from mainland China with a sample of 8,357 middle school students who participated in all three waves. The results of structural equation modeling indicate that parental monitoring in Wave 1 did not predict peer victimization in Wave 3 directly, but it showed a significant indirect impact on peer victimization in Wave 3 through academic performance, risky peer influence, and school belongingness in Wave 2. Depression in Wave 1 was directly associated with peer victimization in Wave 3 and indirectly affected peer victimization in Wave 3 through academic performance, risky peer influence, and school belongingness in Wave 2. Practical implications are discussed.

Psychometric characteristics of CESD-R scores were explored on a sample of 966 undergraduate students. Internal consistency ([alpha] = 0.92), external convergent and discriminant validity, and response bias were adequate to excellent. Strong measurement invariance was evident for gender and race comparisons, and the unidimensional model fit the data best.

The present study aims to validate the Flourishing Scale (FS) in a convenience sample of 233 special education teachers. The FS's psychometric properties were investigated using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). EFA had a one-factor solution that explained 49.9% of the variance, a Cronbach's alpha internal consistency of 0.83, and a McDonald omega coefficient of 0.83. For the scale validity, the FS had a 0.36 to 0.56 correlation with the Satisfaction with Life Scale (SLWS), Happiness Measures (HM), and Life Satisfaction (LS), indicating convergent validity. The FS was also correlated with the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, implying its discriminant validity. The FS's one-factor model produced good fit indices when running the CFA. Multi-group confirmatory factor analysis (MGCFA) was used to evaluate measurement invariance. With one non-invariant item, the result revealed partial scalar invariance across gender and marital status groups. There were no differences across gender and marital status when the latent mean differences were also evaluated. The results revealed no statistically significant differences in FS between males and females, or between single and married participants. The limitations and implications of the study are discussed.

Secondary analysis of the Early Head Start Family and Child Experiences Survey 2018 data set (Baby FACES 2018) explored links between family risk events and referral-making and referral uptake among families receiving Early Head Start (EHS) services. Referrals to both behavioral health and entitlement programs were considered. Results showed that referrals to behavioral health programs were much more likely to be given to families receiving care from home-based care than center-based care, and that referrals were slightly more likely to be given to families who did not have any family risk events. Several factors also moderated the relationship between family risk and referrals, including perceived closeness of the parent/caregiver--EHS staff relationship, family conflict, and caregiver depression. There were no observed effects for referrals to entitlement programs. Caregiver depression weakened the link between family risk and service uptake for entitlement programs.

Objective: The present study aims to examine whether secondhand smoke exposure (SHSE) in university students can affect three indices of self-satisfaction related to depression as indiced by appearance, weight, and freedom of life choice. Participants: We collected data from 740 nonsmoking students in the summer of 2018, of which 57.84% were exposed to secondhand smoke. Methods: Depressive symptoms, SHSE, smoking status, weight satisfaction, appearance satisfaction, and freedom of life choice were self-reported via a questionnaire. Results: The generalized linear analyses revealed that SHSE was linked to lower scores of perceived freedom of life choice but not significantly associated with weight nor appearance satisfaction. The mediation analyses indicated that perceived freedom of life choice fully mediated the association between SHSE and depressive symptoms. Conclusions: These findings shed light on the importance of SHSE and its effects on mental health in university students. Preventive strategies should therefore locally target university campuses.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the antecedents, correlates, and consequences of burnout among higher education faculty in Saudi Arabia using the theoretical framework of the job demands-resources model. Design/methodology/approach: Using a quantitative research design, a cross-sectional survey was employed to collect data from faculty members across multiple Saudi universities. The constructs were measured using validated scales, and data analysis included exploratory factor analysis, Pearson correlation analysis, factorial ANOVA, and multiple regression. Findings: The study identified moderate levels of burnout, confirming a significant positive relationship with role conflict and a negative relationship with internal locus of control. Burnout significantly contributed to depression, insomnia, and turnover intentions. However, no significant relationship was found between burnout and workplace conflict when controlling for other variables. Research limitations/implications: The study's findings can inform policymakers and academic administrators about measures to alleviate faculty burnout, thus contributing to healthier academic work environments aligned with Saudi Arabia's Vision 2030 goals. Originality/value: This research extends the job demands-resources model within the context of higher education institutions in Saudi Arabia, offering nuanced insights into burnout dynamics among university faculty in this region. Despite the model's robustness, the absence of a significant relationship between burnout and workplace conflict signals the need for a more intricate understanding of burnout's antecedents and consequences.

Objective: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted people's lives around the world, including college students. This cross-sectional study aimed to 1) describe psychological distress, coping, and expectancies of undergraduates during COVID-19 "stay-at-home" orders and 2) examine the associations among these variables. Participants and methods: Midwestern US undergraduates (N = 186) completed measures of psychological distress, coping behaviors, and expectancies in March-April 2020 during the initial round of "stay-at-home" orders. Results: Students engaged in approach coping and disease prevention behaviors and had low expectations for contracting COVID-19. Most students reported clinically significant depression or anxiety. Adherence to disease prevention behaviors was associated with less stress but more anxiety. Positive expectancies and approach coping were associated with less distress. Avoidance coping was associated with more distress. Conclusions: This study describes the toll that COVID-19 has had on college students. Continued attention to the mental health of college students during the pandemic is imperative.

Excessive educational expectations are risk factors for poor mental health among students in higher education. However, the literature on educational expectations has largely focused on primary and secondary students with paucity among tertiary students. This study describes the development of a multidimensional scale measuring perceived educational expectations by tertiary students. Results show that students perceived expectations from four distinct sources: self, parents, educators/institutions, and culture. The final 28-item HEES multidimensional scale provides an opportunity in higher education literature to examine the weight of expectations and their impact on tertiary students' academic performance and well-being.

Objective: To examine the association between vaping and health behaviors (physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption, sleep, cigarette use, alcohol consumption) and mental health among college students. Methods: Socio-demographic characteristics, vaping, health behaviors, perceived stress, and depressive symptoms of undergraduates enrolled at a large university located in the Northeast of the United States were assessed via an online survey. Results: Of all participants (n = 1775), less than a fifth (n = 314, 17.7%) reported any vaping in the past month. More men reported vaping than women (23.2% vs. 14.5%). Those who vaped reported fewer nights of restful sleep and greater alcohol consumption. Those who smoked and binge drank were more likely to report vaping. Perceived stress was greater among women who vaped, and depressive symptoms were greater among those who vaped regardless of gender. Conclusions: Vaping was associated with smoking, alcohol consumption, and poorer mental health among young adults.

OBJECTIVES: To identify subgroups of patients with distinct psychological profiles at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic and evaluate for differences. SAMPLE & SETTING: Online survey of patients with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS & VARIABLES: Patients completed measures of demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as cancer- and COVID-19-related stress, global stress, social isolation, loneliness, financial toxicity, and common symptoms. Latent profile analysis was used to identify distinct psychological profiles. RESULTS: Among 1,145 patients, three subgroups were identified (i.e., no anxiety or depression and normative level of resilience; high depression, high anxiety, and low resilience; and very high depression, very high anxiety, and very low resilience). Patients with the two worst psychological profiles were younger, more likely to be female, more recently diagnosed with cancer, and more likely to have breast cancer. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING: Findings may assist clinicians to identify patients at increased risk for significant psychological morbidity and provide more timely, targeted, and cost-effective interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a global issue, peer victimization is closely associated with adolescent mental health. Although previous research has explored the relationship between peer victimization and mental health in some contexts, the school context, particularly within the Chinese cultural context, has not received sufficient attention. Based on the Healthy Context Paradox, this study aimed to explore the moderating role of school-level victimization in the relationship between individual-level peer victimization and mental health. This study tested two hypotheses by using a multilevel design: higher individual-level and school-level peer victimization are associated with higher depressive symptoms and lower life satisfaction (Hypothesis 1); school-level victimization moderates the association between individual-level peer victimization and mental health (Hypothesis 2). Participants were 39,720 adolescents (50.41% females; M age = 13.68, SD = 2.39) across 292 Chinese schools. They completed a set of questionnaires, including the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, the single-item Life Satisfaction Questionnaire, the Peer Victimization Scale, and demographics. The multilevel model indicated that both individual-level and school-level peer victimization were positively correlated with depressive symptoms and negatively correlated with life satisfaction. In schools with lower levels of victimization, there was a stronger association between individual peer victimization and adolescent mental health. A potential explanation for these results might be the victimization visibility and perceived severity in different contexts. These findings extended the discussion of the Healthy Context Paradox within the Chinese school context and provided valuable insights for developing school support strategies for victimized adolescents. School management might play a significant role in affecting the mental health of victimized adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Childhood maltreatment (CM) has long-term effects on stress biology and health. • The association between CM and CRP during pregnancy was assessed. • Potential moderators were obesity, depression, hypertensive disorders, and smoking. • CM and depression interacted to predict inflammation. • In women with CM, inflammation increased with depression severity. Childhood maltreatment (CM) has long-term consequences for the regulation of stress biology which are particularly pronounced when mental and physical health sequelae have manifested. C-reactive protein (CRP) has been shown to be elevated in the non-pregnant state in association with CM as well as in the setting of CM-associated mental and physical health sequelae. In pregnancy, however, the association between CM and CRP is less clear. We sought to examine this association and consider the moderating role of four common health sequelae of CM (maternal depressive symptoms, overweight/obesity, smoking, and hypertensive disorders during pregnancy). A prospective, longitudinal study of 744 healthy pregnant participants was conducted, with analyses focusing on a sample of 643 participants. CM was assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) and categorized by whether no vs. one or more moderate to severe CM experiences were reported. Blood serum concentrations of CRP, maternal depression severity (continuous scores of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, CES-D) and smoking during pregnancy were assessed in early (16.52 ± 2.50 weeks gestation) and late (33.65 ± 1.18 weeks gestation) pregnancy. Pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) was obtained at the first study visit and hypertensive disorders diagnosed during pregnancy were obtained from the medical record. Linear mixed effects models were employed to assess main effects of CM as well as interactive effects of CM and four common CM-associated sequelae as well as a sum score of these sequelae on repeatedly measured CRP concentration. In secondary analyses, we conducted latent class analyses to classify participants based on their specific experiences of childhood abuse and/or neglect and to assess the association of these CM subgroups with CM sequelae and CRP. All analyses were adjusted for potential confounders (maternal race and ethnicity and education/income). CRP concentration decreased from early to late pregnancy (B = −0.06, SE = 0.01, p < 0.001). While there was no main effect of CM on CRP (p = 0.49), the interaction of CM and depressive symptoms was associated with CRP concentration (B = 0.08, SE = 0.04, p < 0.05), indicating higher CRP across pregnancy with increasing levels of depressive symptoms during pregnancy in participants with CM experience. This interaction was mainly driven by participants with co-occurring physical and emotional maltreatment. For none of the other CM-associated sequelae a statistically significant interaction with CM on CRP concentration was observed. These results add to the growing empirical evidence suggesting higher inflammation during pregnancy in participants exposed to CM who experience depressive symptoms and highlight the detrimental effects of multiple co-occurring experiences of maltreatment. Given the negative consequences of chronic inflammatory state for the mother and the developing fetus, monitoring and treating psychiatric sequelae during pregnancy among participants exposed to CM is potentially an important opportunity to dampen long-term detrimental effects of CM, serving at least two generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Depressive symptoms are common in adolescents, while its prevalence trend in adolescents is seldom reported. In addition, few studies focus on adolescents without depressive symptoms. This study aimed to reveal the trend and predictors of persistent depression/non-depression among Chinese adolescents over three-year period. Methods: Three-wave data were collected from T1 to T3 in a sample from six junior high schools in Shenzhen, China. The 20-item of Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale was used, with scoring ≥16 as depression. Results: Of all 1301 adolescents, 33.4%, 15.5% and 9.0% reported depressive symptoms at baseline, T2 and T3 respectively, while 66.6%, 47.7% and 39.6% reported non-depressive symptoms at three time-points. At the individual level, baseline positive identity and general positive youth development significantly increased persistent non-depression at T2 and T3. At the family level, baseline family harmony and communication consistently prevented persistent depression at T2 and T3, while family communication consistently promoted non-depression. At the school level, baseline awareness of no expectation from teacher and poor interpersonal relationship consistently increased persistent depression and prevented non-depression. Conclusions: The incidence of depression in adolescents aged 11–15 is not high. The rate of persistent non-depression is approximately 30% higher than that of persistent depression, and both have a downward trend over years. Positive youth development and healthy family function are protective factors of depression, while school maladjustment decreases persistent non-depression. During early adolescence, more attention should be paid to family function and school maladjustment to promote non-depression in adolescents from a new broader view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study investigates the associations and mediating pathways between grip strength, cognitive function, and depression in middle-aged and elderly individuals in China. Methods: Utilizing data from the 2011 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS), we employed logistic regression and mediation analysis to examine the relationships and mediating factors between grip strength, cognitive function, and depression, while adjusting for potential confounders. Results: The study included 6,841 participants, of whom 1,734 (25.35%) exhibited symptoms of depression. Our findings indicate that weak grip strength is significantly associated with an increased risk of depression (OR: 1.57, 95% CI: 1.32-1.87) among the middle-aged and elderly population. Conversely, good cognitive function was found to be protective against depression (OR: 0.94, 95% CI: 0.93-0.95). Grip strength indirectly affected depression through cognitive function, accounting for 9.4% of the total effect (β = -0.008, 95% CI [-0.013, -0.004]). This mediating effect was 23.8% in men (β = -0.013, 95% CI [-0.020, -0.007]); and 23.2% in those aged 60 years and over (β = -0.015, 95% CI [-0.022, -0.009]). Conclusion: This study highlights that weak grip strength increases risk of depressive symptoms, and adequate cognitive function can mitigate the association between weak grip strength and an increased risk of depression among middle-aged and elderly individuals in China. Psychological care for elder adults with weak grip strength and poor cognitive function should be strengthened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prevalence and characteristics of household material hardship (HMH) in families of children with advanced cancer and its association with parent distress are unknown and herein described. Methods: Parents of children aged ≥2 years with advanced cancer at five cancer centers completed baseline surveys as part of the PediQUEST Response trial. HMH (housing, energy, and food) was operationalized as binary (≥1 HMH domains), ordinal (zero, one, or two or more HMH domains), and housing based (none, nonhousing [food and/or energy], only housing, or housing + other). Associations between HMH and parent distress measured by the State‐Trait Anxiety Inventory–State and the 10‐item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale were estimated via linear models adjusting for confounders. Results: Among 150 parents, 41% reported ≥1 HMH (housing, 28% [only housing, 8%; housing + other, 20%]; energy, 19%; food, 27%). HMH was more prevalent among Hispanic, other non‐White race, Spanish‐speaking, and single parents and those with lower education (associate degree or less) or who were uninsured/Medicaid‐only insured. Parents endorsing HMH reported higher anxiety (mean difference [MD], 9.2 [95% CI, 3.7–14.7]) and depression (MD, 4.1 [95% CI, 1.7–6.5]) scores compared to those without HMH. Distress increased with the number of hardships, particularly housing insecurity. Specifically, parents experiencing housing hardship, alone or combined, reported higher distress (housing only: anxiety: MD, 10.2 [95% CI, 1.8–18.5]; depression: MD, 4.9 [95% CI, 1.3–8.6]; housing + other HMH: anxiety: MD, 12.0 [95% CI, 5.2–18.9]; depression: MD, 4.8 [95% CI, 1.8–7.8]). Conclusions: HMH is highly prevalent in pediatric advanced cancer, especially among historically marginalized families. Future research should investigate whether interventions targeting HMH, particularly housing stabilization efforts, can mitigate parent distress. Plain Language Summary: In our cohort of parents of children with advanced cancer, household material hardship (HMH) was highly prevalent and significantly associated with higher parent distress. Housing hardship was the primary driver of this association.Families of children with advanced cancer may benefit from systematic HMH screening as well as targeted HMH interventions, especially stabilizing housing. The prevalence and characteristics of household material hardship (HMH) in families of children with advanced cancer and its association with parent distress are unknown. This cross‐sectional analysis of 150 parents of children with advanced cancer with baseline data from a multisite parallel randomized controlled trial showed that HMH was highly prevalent and significantly associated with higher parent distress, and that housing hardship was the primary driver of this association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Handgrip strength (HGS) weakness and asymmetry were recently reported to be associated with age-related health conditions. However, little is known about their combined effects on depression. We aimed to explore the joint association of HGS asymmetry and weakness with depressive symptoms in Chinese middle and older aged population. 8700 participants aged ≥45 years were enrolled from China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2015–2018). HGS weakness was determined as maximal HGS < 28 kg in males and <18 kg in females. HGS asymmetry was measured by HGS ratio and was defined using two different rules. Specifically, HGS ratio < 0.90 or >1.10 (10 % rule) and <0.80 or >1.20 (20 % rule) were considered as asymmetry. Participants were classified into four groups: normal and symmetric HGS, asymmetry only, weakness only, and both weakness and asymmetry. Depressive symptoms were assessed by the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, with scores ≥12 defined as depression. The logistic regression and multiple linear regression models were conducted to estimate the associations between HGS status and depressive symptoms. The three-year incidence of depression was 19.2 %. After adjusting for covariates, compared to normal and symmetric HGS, participants with both HGS asymmetry and weakness showed the greatest risk of incident depression (10 % rule: OR 1.55, 95 % CI 1.19–2.02; 20 % rule: OR 1.71, 95 % CI 1.16–2.50). The coexistence of asymmetry and weakness was related to a significant increase in depression score (10 % rule: β 0.96, 95 % CI 0.38–1.54; 20 % rule: β 0.94, 95 % CI 0.08–1.81). The complete case analysis supported the results, and the associations were not modified by age, sex, and hand dominance. Depressive assessment was based on self-reported screening instrument. The presence of both HGS asymmetry and weakness was associated with a higher risk of depression. Examining HGS asymmetry along with weakness may aid in identifying individuals at risk of depression to enable early interventions. • The presence of both HGS asymmetry and weakness was strongly associated with incident depression. • HGS asymmetry combined with weakness was related to a significant increase in depression score. • Early recognition and intervention of HGS asymmetry and weakness may help reduce depression risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relationship between chronic disease status (CDS) and transitions in depressive symptoms (DS) remains unclear. This study explores the association between CDS and DS transitions. This cohort study analyzed data from 8175 participants aged 45+, sourced from China Family Panel Studies (2016, 2018, 2020). DS were assessed using a brief version of Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). CDS was categorized into healthy, single disease, and multimorbidity. Markov models were used to estimate state transition intensities, mean sojourn times and hazard ratios (HRs). DS transitions occurred between adjacent and non-adjacent states, but transition intensity between adjacent states was higher than among non-adjacent states. Self-transition intensities of severe-DS, mild-DS, and non-DS progressively increased, with average durations of 1.365, 1.482, and 7.854 years, respectively. Both single disease and multimorbidity were significantly associated with an increased risk of transitioning from non-DS to mild-DS, with multimorbidity showing a stronger association. In contrast, HRs for single diseases transitioning from mild-DS to severe-DS were significantly lower than 1. Furthermore, their HRs were almost <1 in recovery transitions but not statistically significant. Specific chronic diseases and their combinations were not analyzed. The progression of DS exhibits various pathways. CDS is associated with DS transitions, but the roles of single disease and multimorbidity may differ across different DS progression stages. Both conditions were significantly linked to the risk of new-onset DS, with multimorbidity posing a greater association. However, this relationship is not observed in other progression stages. These findings could provide insights for early prevention and intervention for DS. • This is the first study to explore the longitudinal state transitions of depressive symptoms in China. • The progression of depressive symptoms followed two pathways:gradual and leapfrogging. • Chronic disease status is associated with the state transitions of depressive symptoms. • The impacts of single disease and multimorbidity on the state transitions of depressive symptoms varied. • It could provide insights for depression prevention and intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractPurposeMethodResultsConclusions\nIMPLICATIONS OF REHABILITATIONFamilies experience stress and burden following their child’s traumatic brain injury (TBI). Parenting styles are related to parent stress and child behavior problems and executive dysfunction. Parent-child interactions are shown to be a promising intervention target. We aimed to examine the preliminary efficacy of Gaining Real life skills Over the Web (GROW) in improving responsive parenting and reducing parent stress and depression in parents of children ages 0-4 who experienced TBI.Participants (n = 11) were parents of children four years old or younger, at the time of enrollment, and previously hospitalized overnight for TBI. Parent-reported measures included the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, Parenting Stress Inventory—Short Form, and Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System. Recordings of parent-child interactions were coded using the Play and Learning Strategies coding scheme. Study hypotheses were analyzed using independent samples t-tests, chi square analyses, and linear mixed models.Parental warmth (t=-3.64, p = 0.001, d=.97), responsiveness (t=-2.09, p = 0.047, d = 0.70), and verbal stimulation (t=-2.30, p = 0.029, d = 0.75) increased significantly from pretreatment to posttreatment. Improvements in parental warmth were maintained 3 months posttreatment (t=-3.15, p = 0.004, d = 1.16). There were no significant changes in depression, parental stress, or quality of life.Results provide preliminary support for the efficacy of GROW in improving responsive parenting for children following early TBI. Future directions include tailoring GROW to better fit the needs of families and testing the utility through a randomized control trial.Traumatic Brain InjuryTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of childhood disability, and children who experience TBI under the age of 7 are more susceptible to short- and long-term neurocognitive difficulties.Children who experience TBI under the age of 7 also demonstrate less rehabilitation in skills essential for school readiness, academic success, and emotional well-being.The stress and burden experienced by a family from their child’s TBI influences the child’s rehabilitation, making responsive parenting a promising target for intervention following early childhood TBI.In a pilot study sample, this study demonstrates improvements in responsive parenting skills and no worsening effects on parent depression, stress, or quality of life following participation in an intervention following a child’s early TBI.Rehabilitation professionals should consider targeting responsive parenting skills given the benefit to a child’s recovery following an early TBI and the low likelihood of adverse effects on parent functioning.Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of childhood disability, and children who experience TBI under the age of 7 are more susceptible to short- and long-term neurocognitive difficulties.Children who experience TBI under the age of 7 also demonstrate less rehabilitation in skills essential for school readiness, academic success, and emotional well-being.The stress and burden experienced by a family from their child’s TBI influences the child’s rehabilitation, making responsive parenting a promising target for intervention following early childhood TBI.In a pilot study sample, this study demonstrates improvements in responsive parenting skills and no worsening effects on parent depression, stress, or quality of life following participation in an intervention following a child’s early TBI.Rehabilitation professionals should consider targeting responsive parenting skills given the benefit to a child’s recovery following an early TBI and the low likelihood of adverse effects on parent functioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Inter-generational interaction is a carrier of Chinese traditional culture, and it can exert important influence on the depressive symptoms on Chinese older adults. The study aims to analyze gender differences in the association between inter-generational interaction and depressive symptoms among Chinese older adults and explore factors contributing to the differences. Method: Data from China Family Panel Studies in 2020 were used. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 8-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. The latent class analysis was applied to identify patterns of inter-generational interaction of older adults (aged 60 and above). Before the comparison between older man and older woman, we used Coarsened Exact Matching to control confounding factors and improve causal inferences. Multiple linear regression was conducted to explore the association between inter-generational interaction and depression symptoms. Oaxaca-blinder decomposition method was used to analyze the gender difference and the sources. Result: Our study identified three types of inter-generational interaction: detached, nearby but discordant and two-way tight-knit. Analysis indicated that most of older man (54.39%) and older woman (49.78%) were in the type of nearby but discordant. Older man and older woman who in detached type had higher depression scores than other types, and the depression score of two-way tight-knit type accounted for 12.42 and 13.77 respectively. Our findings demonstrated that two-way tight-knit type (-11.89%) significantly decreased the gender differences in the depression symptoms. Other major contributors also included living without spouse (20.56%), primary school and junior middle school (15.95%), higher middle school and above (9.50%) and no illness for two weeks (47.70%). Conclusion: Our study highlighted three patterns of inter-generational interaction, and most of older man and older woman were in the pattern of nearby but discordant. In addition, the two-way tight-knit pattern significantly can decrease gender differences in depression symptoms. The contributors should be taken into account in more targeted intervention strategies for narrowing gender differences in the depression symptoms, which could achieve a gender dividend in the era of China's aging population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Misgendering–using the wrong name, pronoun, or gendered language to refer to someone–is known to have negative impacts on the mental health and well-being of trans individuals generally. However, little is known about the effects of misgendering on nonbinary people specifically. Aims: As such, our research asked: 1) Among nonbinary people, what factors are associated with frequency of misgendering?; and 2) Do nonbinary people who experience misgendering less often have better health outcomes? Methods and Results: We analyzed data from Trans PULSE Canada, a community-based survey of trans and nonbinary people living in Canada, using a subset (n = 1091) who identified as nonbinary and completed questions on misgendering. Misgendering was a frequent and distressing experience for nonbinary participants, with 59% misgendered daily, 30% weekly or monthly, and only 11% yearly or less. Most (58%) reported being very or quite upset when misgendered. About one in eight (13%) corrected others most or all of the times they were misgendered. Daily misgendering was more common among nonbinary people who were younger than 25 years old (64%, p <.0001), visibly disabled (74%, p =.003), assigned female at birth (61%, p <.0001) or racialized as a person of color and assigned male at birth (65%, p <.0001) compared with their counterparts. In multivariable regression analyses, less frequent misgendering (weekly/monthly vs. daily) was associated with a lower OASIS anxiety score (β = −0.555, 95% CI = −1.062, −0.048). Discussion: Our research highlights the complexity of outness, passing, concealment, and affirmation for nonbinary people living at the intersections of marginalizations. Future research could build stronger causal analyses of the impacts of misgendering, how nonbinary people cope with misgendering, and policy and interventions to decrease misgendering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The association between depression and ambulatory care utilization is unclear. The authors sought to determine the association between untreated depression and ambulatory care utilization, including the extent to which care is fragmented, or spread across providers. The authors conducted a longitudinal study using data from the nationwide REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke study linked to Medicare fee-for-service claims (N = 1412). They categorized participants into three study groups, based on self-reported depressive symptoms (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale score ≥ 4) and a medication inventory for antidepressants: Symptomatic Untreated (SU), Symptomatic Treated (ST), and Asymptomatic Treated (AT). The authors used descriptive statistics to characterize ambulatory care patterns by study group. They determined the association between the study group and fragmentation score (with high fragmentation defined as a reversed Bice–Boxerman Index ≥ 0.85) using multivariable logistic regression. All groups had similar numbers of primary care visits, but the SU group had the fewest specialist visits. The SU group had the lowest proportion of participants who received care from a psychiatrist (3.4% vs. 10.7% for ST and 11.9% for AT, pairwise P-values < 0.001). The SU group was the least likely to have highly fragmented care (adjusted odds ratio 0.68; 95% confidence interval 0.48, 0.95, compared with the ST group). These results suggest that older adults with untreated depression are not engaged in excess care-seeking behaviors. Rather, the results suggest undertreatment of depression in primary care and underutilization of psychiatric care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are currently 2.3 million Americans incarcerated. In 2018, Black males were 5.8 times more likely to be incarcerated than White males. Every aspect of incarcerated individuals' lives is immensely impacted by the criminal justice system, this includes their romantic relationships. The purpose of this study is to examine if PTSD and depression impact romantic attachment. Using data from the Multi-site Family Study on Incarceration, Parenting, and Partnering study, our independent variables PTSD and depression used the 4-point Primary Care PTSD Scale (PC-PTSD) and The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D). The dependent variable of romantic attachment consisted of four questions regarding close relationships. Our results showed that race, PTSD, and depression are all significant predictors of romantic attachment within incarcerated males and their non-incarcerated romantic partners. Clinical implications and future directions for incarcerated men and their nonincarcerated female romantic partners are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depression is closely related to individual social functions. The current study aimed to examine whether depression is associated with ostracism, whether interpretation bias mediates this relationship, and whether trait mindfulness moderates direct and indirect relationships between depression and ostracism. Overall, 389 Chinese college students completed the Center for Epidemiological Survey, Depression Scale, Interpretation Bias Questionnaire, Philadelphia mindfulness scale, and perceived ostracism scale at two‐time points. Latent Profile analysis and moderated mediation analysis were performed. After controlling for sex and age, depression (t1) was positively correlated to perceived ostracism, with this relationship being partially mediated by negative interpretation bias (IBN, t2). The effect of IBN on perceived ostracism was weak when awareness was high at time 2. Acceptance had a non‐significant moderating role in the relationship between IBN and perceived ostracism at time 2. LPA delineated three profiles: high awareness, high acceptance, and medium mindfulness. The moderating role of the different profiles in the relationship between IBN (t2) and perceived ostracism (t2) was significant. Depressed individuals appear to experience more ostracism because of IBN. Awareness might alleviate the effect of IBN on perceived ostracism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While debts are widely used financial tools, few longitudinal studies investigating potential causal links between debts and mental wellbeing exist among older adults. Older adults, particularly those not employed, are less likely to have increasing incomes to help them pay off their debts. This study investigates whether older adults with non-mortgage debts in three different labour market states have lower mental wellbeing and, separately, whether it is likely that reducing their debts helps to improve mental wellbeing. Using the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing, the study focuses on the English context, which is particularly interesting due to the high levels of, and a unique policy approach to, private indebtedness. The results indicate that people with debts have lower mental wellbeing (more depressive symptoms and lower quality of life) in all categories, but the mental pain linked to debts is stronger for people who are jobless (not working, not retired). The analysis from a causal perspective suggests that getting rid of debts may reduce depressive symptoms among people who are jobless but may also improve quality of life among the retired and employed. Both these findings suggest that mental health services should work closely with debt advice when needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In China, individuals with substance use disorders (SUD) face severe stigma, but reliable stigma assessment tool is lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to validate the Chinese version of the Substance Use Stigma Mechanism Scale (SU-SMS-C) and set its cut-off point. Methods: We recruited 1005 individuals with SUDs from Chinese rehabilitation centers. These participants completed a battery of questionnaires that included the SU-SMS-C, The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), and Perceived Devaluation and Discrimination (PDD). Confirmatory factor analysis was used to assess the construct validity of the scale. Additionally, the Naive Bayes classifier was used to establish the cut-off point for the SU-SMS-C. We additionally explored the correlation between patient demographic characteristics and stigma. Results: A confirmatory factor analysis was utilized, revealing a second-order five-factor model. Based on the Naive Bayes classifier, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUCROC) of 0.746, the cut-off point for the SU-SMS-C was established at 44.5. The prevalence of stigma observed in the study population was 49.05%. Significant disparities were observed in the distribution of stigma across genders, with males experiencing more pronounced stigma than females. Moreover, patients consuming different primary substances reported diverse levels of stigma. Notably, those primarily using heroin endured a higher degree of stigma than users of other substances. Conclusion: The study is the first to identify a cut-off point for the SU-SMS-C by Naive Bayes classifier, bridging a major gap in stigma measurement research. SU-SMS-C may help treat and manage SUDs by reducing stigma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives China introduced an innovative Supplementary High-Cost Illness Insurance (SHCII) program to enhance existing social health insurance by providing extra financial support for individuals facing catastrophic illnesses in 2015. The SHCII has notably increased access to healthcare and alleviated financial strain for economically disadvantaged individuals. However, there is a lack of information regarding the program's impact on the mental health of its beneficiaries. This study aims to assess the impact of SHCII on the mental well-being of middle-aged and older individuals. Methods Using data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (2011, 2013, 2015, and 2018), this study examined how SHCII affects mental health among middle-aged and older individuals in China using propensity score matching with the time-varying difference-in-differences method. Results We found that SHCII implementation can significantly reduce the Center for Epidemiologic Studies—Depression Scale scores of middle-aged and older individuals. This reduction was more pronounced among older individuals with poor self-rated health, chronic disease, and low household wealth when compared to their counterparts. Discussion The implementation of SHCII has had a significant and positive impact on mental health outcomes. We recommend that governments consider expanding the program to other areas within China, focusing especially on the most economically disadvantaged segments of the population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives In recent decades, risk of job loss in America after age 50 has been high, potentially causing significant stress during the period preceding retirement. Yet no study has quantified the burden of clinically relevant depressive symptoms attributable to job loss in this age group over this period or identified the most vulnerable populations. Methods Participants aged 50+ in the Health and Retirement Study (recruited 1992–2016) who were employed and scored <5 on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression 8-item scale (CESD-8) at baseline (N  = 18,571) were followed for depressive symptoms until they first had CESD-8 ≥5 or died, or through the 2018 survey. Parametric g-formula analyses examined the difference in cumulative risk of having CESD-8 ≥5 if there had been no involuntary job loss compared to the observed scenario, adjusting for sex, race/ethnicity, age, and dynamic measures of recent marriage end (divorce or widowhood), having a working spouse, assets/debt, and health changes. Results We estimated that risk of CESD-8 ≥5 would have been 1.1% (95% confidence interval [0.55, 1.37]) lower if no involuntary job loss had occurred; job loss accounted for 11% of the total burden among those who lost a job. Stronger associations were observed for women (1.2% [0.7, 1.8] vs men 0.5% [0.2, 1.1]), White respondents (1.0% [0.6, 1.5] vs Black respondents 0.5% [−0.1, 1.4]), and those in the lowest quartile of baseline assets (1.1% [0.4, 1.9] vs wealthiest quartile 0.5% [−0.4, 0.9]). Discussion Involuntary job loss is associated with high depressive symptom burden in older persons, suggesting that screening and intervention soon after job loss may help mitigate depression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Low-grade systemic inflammation may be a key player in the immune activation that has been reported for mental health deterioration. We hypothesised that elevated serum levels of inflammatory cytokines increase neuroinflammation and exacerbate depressive symptoms. Methods: The participants were part of a cohort study for whom data was available for both 2015 and 2019. In 2015, blood samples were collected from 232 participants. Their depressive symptoms were assessed both 2015 and 2019 using the Centre for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) (n = 33). The multiplex immunoassay system (Luminex® 200) was used to measure the serum concentrations of IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, IL-17A and TNFα. Data were analysed using linear models with the level of significance considered to be p < 0.05. Results: After controlling for age, BMI, smoking and alcohol consumption, in 2015 the serum concentrations of IL-17A and TNFα in 2015 were significantly positively associated with the CES-D scores of women (standardised β (B) =.027, p < 0.01 and B = 0.26, p < 0.01, respectively). The serum concentrations of IL-17A and TNFα of men were significantly positively associated with the CES-D scores of 2019 (B = 0.62, p = 0.02 and B = 0.59, p = 0.02, respectively). Conclusions: In this cross-sectional study, we found a significant positive correlation between the depressive symptoms and serum TNFα and IL-17A levels of women. In addition, our longitudinal findings suggest the possibility that TNFα and IL-17A could elevate the depressive symptoms of men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transgender individuals face challenges to identity as they transition from their sex assigned at birth to their affirmed gender. Memories may support a sense of self through the recall of events with more phenomenological detail than others, making them feel closer to the current self. Autobiographical memories of 90 transgender and 90 cisgender adults were compared on self-reported memory phenomenology. Memory phenomenology was more variable in transgender individuals, with a larger difference between phenomenological ratings of recent and distant memories. Memory phenomenology specifically varied in relation to the timing of coming out to a parent. High points reported after this time were rated with higher phenomenological quality and these ratings were linked to positive well-being. Results affirm the relevance of phenomenological continuity to the identity of transgender individuals, suggesting that events from before coming out are recalled with less phenomenological quality than events after coming out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Evidence-based interventions for dementia caregivers, such as the Savvy Caregiver Program (SC), seek to address skills and knowledge deficits, caregiver burden, depressive symptoms, and grief. Little research has examined mechanisms by which these interventions accomplish their goals. Caregiver preparedness may be a possible mechanism by which caregiver interventions may confer benefits. Methods: The sample included 76 dementia caregivers who completed the 6-session SC. Participants completed the Anticipatory Grief Scale, Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale, the Preparedness for Caregiving Scale, and the Zarit Burden Interview-Short Form. Results: A repeated measures ANOVA was utilized to determine the interaction between baseline scores and pre-post change in caregiver preparedness. Analysis significantly predicted caregiver burden, (F(1) = 6.68, p=.012, partial η2=.10), depressive symptom endorsement, (F(1) = 6.41, p=.014, partial η2=.09, and anticipatory grief, (F(1) = 6.22, p=.02, partial η2=.1), post-treatment. Conclusions: Pre-post change in caregiver preparedness significantly predicted pre-post change across measures of caregiver burden, depressive symptom endorsement, and anticipatory grief. Findings suggest that caregiver preparedness may be one mechanism by which the SC confers positive outcomes. These findings provide an empirical and theoretical basis for tailoring future dementia caregiver interventions. Clinical Implications: Clinical Interventions may seek to improve caregiver preparedness and subsequent outcomes through utilization of programs like SC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Objectives: Individuals with mental health conditions such as depression are vulnerable to poor dietary habits, potentially due to the maladaptive eating behaviors often used to regulate negative emotion. However, the specific dietary components most associated with depression, as well as the mediating roles of emotion regulation and other eating behaviors, remains ambiguous in young adults. Methods: For this cross-sectional evaluation, a total of 151 (86 F, 65 M; BMI: 22.0 ± 5.1 kg/m2; age: 21.4 ± 2.5 y) multi-ethnic participants (50 White, 36 Black, 60 Asian, and 5 White Hispanic) completed a digital 24-h dietary recall and self-reported measures of depressive symptoms, emotional regulation, and eating behaviors. LASSO regression was used to identify the dietary variables most associated with each subscale and to remove extraneous dietary variables, and multiple regression and mediation analyses were conducted for the remaining variables. Results: Out of >100 dietary factors included, only added sugar in the combined sample (p = 0.043), and relative sugar in females (p = 0.045), were retained and positively associated with depressive symptoms. However, the relationships between depression and added and relative sugar intake were mediated by craving control and emotional eating, respectively. Individuals with higher added sugar intake (p = 0.012–0.037), and females with higher relative sugar intake (p = 0.029–0.033), had significantly higher odds of risk for major depression disorder and the use of mental health medications. Conclusions: Added and relative sugar intake are significantly associated with depressive symptoms in young adults, but these relationships may be mediated by facets of emotional dysregulation, such as emotional eating and craving control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This cross‐sectional study examined sleep disturbance associations between parents and their school‐age children with overweight and obesity. A 7‐day wrist‐worn actigraph recording was performed on 246 children aged 6–9 years with overweight and obesity recruited from 10 public elementary schools in Taipei, Taiwan. Children's sleep disturbance was assessed using the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire. Parental subjective sleep quality was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, with parental depressive symptoms measured using the Epidemiologic Studies‐Depression Scale. General linear models were used to examine sleep disturbance associations within parent‐child dyads. The results showed that 208 (84.6%) children had a clinically significant sleep disturbance score, and 123 (50%) parents had poor sleep quality. Higher children's sleep disturbance scores significantly predicted poorer parental sleep quality (b = 0.11, p < 0.001). Poorer parental sleep quality was associated with more severe sleep disturbances in children (b = 0.46, p < 0.001). This association was independent of children's actigraphic sleep (all p > 0.05) and was not attenuated by adjustment for parental depressive symptoms (b = 0.14, p < 0.001). Findings from our study suggest that sleep disturbances occur in both parents and their school‐age children with overweight and obesity, with a significant bidirectional association between the two. Nurses and healthcare professionals should proactively assess and screen for sleep disturbances in parent‐child dyads of children with overweight and obesity. Future studies should develop family‐based sleep interventions and evaluate their effects on the sleep, health, and well‐being of children with overweight and obesity and their parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore differences in depressive symptoms for older adults (Black, Latinx, and White) by cognitive status during the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: Data from the Health and Retirement Study identified older adults as cognitively normal, cognitively impaired without dementia (CIND), and persons living with dementia (PLWD). Multiple linear regression analyses examined associations between cognitive status and depressive symptoms among these racialized groups. Results: Compared to the cognitively normal older adults racialized as Black, those with CIND reported higher depressive symptoms during the pandemic (overall and somatic) and PLWD had higher somatic symptoms (p <.01). Older adults racialized as White with CIND reported higher somatic (p <.01) symptoms compared to cognitively normal older adults racialized as White. Discussion: The COVID-19 pandemic was a challenging event among older adults racialized as Black with CIND and PLWD. Future studies should examine if these depressive symptoms persist over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) continues to be a public health challenge. The prevalence of experiencing CSA is higher among men who have sex with men (MSM) than the general population. CSA has been linked to compulsive sexual behavior (CSB) among varying populations but has not been examined among MSM who were newly diagnosed with HIV. Therefore, the aims of this study were to assess the direct association between CSA and CSB among newly diagnosed MSM living with HIV, and to identify the potential mediating roles of depressive symptoms and emotion regulation in the association between CSA and CSB. The study was a secondary data analysis using data obtained from 2012 to 2017 from two community HIV clinics in New York City (n = 202). CSA was operationalized with questions asking about sexual abuse during childhood/adolescence. CSB was measured using the 13-item Compulsive Sexual Behavior Inventory (CSBI). Depressive symptoms were measured using the 20-item Centers for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) scale and emotion regulation was measured using a 36-item Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS). Path analysis was conducted to determine the mediating role of depressive symptoms and emotion regulation in the association between CSA and CSB. There was a statistically significant association between CSA and CSB (β = 0.160; p = 0.019). There were statistically significant indirect associations between CSA, depressive symptoms, emotion regulation, and CSB (depressive symptoms β = 0.0.071; p = 0.010; DERS: β = 0.080; p = 0.006). Depressive symptoms were also correlated with emotion regulation (r = 0.596; p < 0.001). The relationship between CSA and CSB was significantly mediated by depressive symptoms and emotion regulation. Trauma-informed interventions addressing depressive symptoms and difficulties in emotion regulation may help to reduce CSB among MSM living with HIV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]