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This research explores the interplay between innovation, economic systems, governance structures, and law, and how they interact with one another in the context of China and Ethiopia's investments in the Digital Silk Road. The way cutting-edge methods related to governance and economic systems might help lower the risks involved in major infrastructure projects, like the Digital Silk Road, particularly in light of law and 5G developments, is investigated. China–Africa connections are to be strengthened, sustainable development is to be encouraged, and healthy economic progress is the goal of the partnership between Ethiopia and the Hainan Free Trade Port. The impact of these transnational investments on fair growth and sustainable development is assessed, while exploring the evolving agendas and procedures governing investments. This research draws attention to how the law and legal cooperation between Ethiopia and China may promote mutually advantageous outcomes, promote transparency and governance mechanisms, and lessen the likelihood of disputes. This research on the factors influencing the future of the Digital Silk Road and its consequences for long-term, sustainable economic growth, and business in the area, aims to provide valuable insights for policymakers, development professionals, and academics, and for the copromotion of China and Ethiopia in terms of digital investment. This research relates to the promotion of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), in terms of construction and economic development. It also examines how the DSR raises concerns about data security and privacy, cross-border transactions, technology transfer, and cyberterrorism, as well as encourages digital investment, such as through enhancing digital governance regulations, modernizing international investment agreements (IIAs), and bolstering global health, coordination, and cooperation; the article concludes by analyzing the implications for Africa. The findings show that such cooperation would support Africa's digital transformation and sustainable development, while strengthening China–Africa cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is devoted to the study of certain aspects of control by the tax service over the implementation of controlled transactions by taxpayers. The author summarises the main criteria for transactions that fall under controlled transactions. The author emphasises that controlled transactions are under close scrutiny of the tax authorities. These are transactions involving non-residents and affecting the financial result of taxpayers and are carried out: with related non-residents; with non-residents registered in low-tax jurisdictions; with non-residents whose legal form is included in the relevant list; through non-resident commission agents; between a non-resident and its permanent establishment in Ukraine. Since cross-border pricing is one of the ways to minimise taxes, this increases the interest of the controlling authorities. Attention is drawn to both the type of controlled transaction and the income received by the taxpayer based on the results of the activity, which should be considered in the complex. It is emphasised that the main element of the controlled transaction audit is the correct pricing. In this case, the arm's length principle is used for the audit. The Tax Code of Ukraine clearly defines the conditions under which transactions are recognised as not complying with this principle. The author emphasises that in case of violation of this principle, the financial result is adjusted, which entails additional taxation. In addition, attention is focused on the existence of a business purpose (reasonable economic reason) for the controlled transaction, which can only be present if the taxpayer intends to obtain an economic effect as a result of economic activity. The economic effect mainly implies an increase in the taxpayer's assets and/or their value, as well as the creation of conditions for such an increase (preservation) in the future. Taxpayers should focus on the correct pricing not only as a basis for avoiding a tax offence, but also for proper tax planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study is aimed at considering topical international legal problems related to notarial proceedings on the territory of Russia and foreign countries, including within the framework of the EAEU. This article deals with some modern actual international legal problems of notarial proceedings in private international law.Aim . Find ways to solve certain topical problems of notarial proceedings in private international law, in particular, the use of electronic documents issued outside the territory of the Russian Federation and the performance of notarial acts in connection with the introduction of economic measures in the context of sanctions against the Russian Federation.Tasks. Outline the essence and depth of certain topical problems of modern notarial proceedings in private international law, in particular, the use of electronic documents issued outside the territory of the Russian Federation and the performance of notarial acts in connection with the introduction of economic measures in the context of sanctions against the Russian Federation; formulate conclusions and suggestions on the specified research topic.Methods. The methodological basis of this study was the method of analysis and synthesis, the analytical method, the comparative legal method, the system-structural method, and some others.Results . During the study, the authors concluded that notary activity with a foreign element is a complex and responsible process that requires not only a high level of professionalism and competence from a notary public, but also the ability to work with clients from different countries, as well as with other specialists, in order to ensure the correct and accurate execution of documents. It is important to understand that each case can be unique, and a notary must be prepared to adapt to different situations and provide effective problem solving for his clients. However, a properly organized and professionally executed notarial activity with a foreign element can be an important step towards a successful international transaction or legal procedure.Conclusions . If we turn to modern problems of notarial proceedings in private international law, we can conclude that notarial proceedings in the Russian Federation were significantly affected by the global pandemic and the imposed sanctions conditions, which made it difficult or impossible to provide paper documents necessary for notarial acts. We believe that the transition to electronic document management will have a positive impact on international cooperation and will facilitate the performance of notarial acts. As a solution to the problem, we proposed the conclusion of an international treaty regulating electronic document management, in which it would be possible to establish the possibility of accepting international electronic documents.

This article examines the persisting problem of IBAN discrimination in the EU, which is the practice of refusing or charging more for cross-border payments based on the IBAN of the payer or payee. It explains the origin and function of IBANs and VIBANs, which are identifiers for bank accounts and payment transactions, and how they are supposed to facilitate cross-border payments within the EU and beyond. It also analyses the existing EU legislation that prohibits lBAN discrimination, such as the PSD2 and the SEPA Regulation, and the challenges and gaps in their implementation and enforcement. It then explores the potential solutions and prospects for ending IBAN discrimination and whether introducing a pan-EU IBAN system, developing innovative and secure payment solutions, or amending existing anti-discrimination laws could help, IBAN discrimination not only a breach of EU law, but also a barrier to the completion of the Banking Union and the digital Single Market, and EU legislative policymakers should have a vested interested to achieve a truly integrated and competitive payment market during 2024. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research explores the interplay between innovation, economic systems, governance structures, and law, and how they interact with one another in the context of China and Ethiopia’s investments in the Digital Silk Road. The way cutting-edge methods related to governance and economic systems might help lower the risks involved in major infrastructure projects, like the Digital Silk Road, particularly in light of law and 5G developments, is investigated. China–Africa connections are to be strengthened, sustainable development is to be encouraged, and healthy economic progress is the goal of the partnership between Ethiopia and the Hainan Free Trade Port. The impact of these transnational investments on fair growth and sustainable development is assessed, while exploring the evolving agendas and procedures governing investments. This research draws attention to how the law and legal cooperation between Ethiopia and China may promote mutually advantageous outcomes, promote transparency and governance mechanisms, and lessen the likelihood of disputes. This research on the factors influencing the future of the Digital Silk Road and its consequences for long-term, sustainable economic growth, and business in the area, aims to provide valuable insights for policymakers, development professionals, and academics, and for the copromotion of China and Ethiopia in terms of digital investment. This research relates to the promotion of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), in terms of construction and economic development. It also examines how the DSR raises concerns about data security and privacy, cross-border transactions, technology transfer, and cyberterrorism, as well as encourages digital investment, such as through enhancing digital governance regulations, modernizing international investment agreements (IIAs), and bolstering global health, coordination, and cooperation; the article concludes by analyzing the implications for Africa. The findings show that such cooperation would support Africa’s digital transformation and sustainable development, while strengthening China–Africa cooperation.