Search

The article is the presidential address from the Western Journal of Communication. The author reflects on the theme of Communication and Well-Being for the 2023 convention and shares their personal experience with well-being. They conducted a qualitative content analysis of last year's convention program and identified four themes of communication and well-being: well-being with, well-being through, well-being for, and well-being against. The author emphasizes the importance of relationships, policies, and inclusivity in promoting well-being and encourages compassion and care in communication. [Extracted from the article]

Import and export controls ensure plant pests and diseases harmful to food production, the plants across our landscape, and ecosystem services, are not moved during trade. The 'International Plant Protection Convention' (IPPC) provides the framework for applying preventive measures where they are technically justified, and stipulates controls are not to be used as arbitrary restrictions on international trade. This article examines the aims of the Brexit trade agreements and reviews their alignment with the IPPC and other World Trade Organisation agreements. It argues that unjustified controls have been applied under the guise of protective requirements (contributing to EU-GB trade disruption) and identifies a divergence at the point of regulatory implementation of these laws and treaties by official bodies on both sides. The article reviews the position of Northern Ireland, which, to avoid a 'hard border' on the island of Ireland, remains under the European Union (EU)'s plant health (phytosanitary) regime. Reflecting on legislative options available to bring the application of plant health regulations into alignment with the IPPC (such as dispute resolution), these options remain unused. However, the possibility of utilising 'import authorisations' would leave neither Great Britain nor EU Member States exposed to any greater environmental risk than that under the single market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding the origins of primary elections has important implications for evaluating their role in American elections. While there is little argument about the importance of primaries to the American electoral system, there is less agreement about why states adopted the direct primary and what they were intended to accomplish. Previous scholarship has laid out three theories: the strength of the progressive movement, parties' efforts to maintain one-party rule, and the urbanization of American society. Using comprehensive state-level data from 1892 to 1930, we test these theories of states' adoption of direct primaries. We find a strong influence of the strength of the progressive movement and the rate of urbanization on the adoption of the direct primary, but we do not, however, find any influence of state partisan competition. Our findings reinforce original arguments about the importance of the progressive movement and urbanization in the adoption of the direct primary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is important to have effective protection mechanisms that ensure that human rights are not violated in armed conflict. The aim of the study is to analyse the role and effectiveness of protective mechanisms used by European bodies and institutions to ensure human rights during military operations. The research employed formal logical, dialectical, logical semantic methods, as well as the method of comparative law. The study results show that the provisions of the Convention and international humanitarian law complement each other, providing comprehensive protection of persons during conflicts, not competing. The academic novelty is a thorough analysis of the relationship between the provisions of the Convention and international humanitarian law with an emphasis on the fundamental right to life in the context of military operations, using a historical analysis of the decisions of the ECHR in armed conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tidsskrift for Psykisk Helsearbeid is the property of H. Aschehoug & Co. (W. Nygaard) AS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Evolutionary, game-theoretic approaches to justice and the social contract have become increasingly popular in contemporary moral and political philosophy. (Vanderschraaf, Strategic justice: convention and problems of balancing divergent interests, Oxford University Press, 2019) theory of strategic justice represents the most recent contribution to this tradition and, in many ways, can be viewed as a culmination of it. This article discusses some of the central features of Vanderschraaf’s theory and relates them to the contributions in this collection. Some of the contributions directly address Vanderschraaf’s work, while others explore related topics in game theory, bargaining theory, formal philosophy, rationality, equality, justice, and the theory of conventions. This collection aims to bridge a gap between disjoint but closely related literature spanning a wide range of disciplines. The contributions allow readers to systematically engage with the topic of strategic justice, advance dialogue, and more easily follow this rich and expanding field of study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we report on how authors of academic writing in Chinese (AWC) refer to themselves as single authors in the area of language studies. We find that AWC writers rely on the 1st-person plural 我们 women "we," 3rd-person NPs such as 作者/笔者 zuozhe/bizhe "this author," and inanimate NPs such as 本文 benwen "this article/paper" for self-reference. Based on these findings and subsequent surveys of journal style guides and interviews of authors, we propose that (1) these self-referring expressions are a set of conventions; (2) the motivation for these conventions is modesty, a deep-routed value of Chinese society; and (3) these expressions serve as indexicals to the writers' identity of a modest scholar in the particular discursive context: the genre of academic writing. By so doing, our work links language use to social values, to identity studies, as well as to genre analysis, thus contributing to the literature in all these fields of investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jerash Journal for Research & Studies is the property of Jerash University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The overall resilience of the Convention – its durability, its flexibility and its plasticity in the face of myriad challenges that have unfolded over time – is largely attributable to certain design features within the Convention, to a willingness to 'bend' the Convention toward practical outcomes when necessary, and to the foresight of the drafters in closely tying the Convention to other agreements and standards, as well as to the general field of international law, so that the Convention might evolve as the world evolves. There are risks in flexibility and plasticity; in measured doses they promote resilience, while if taken too far they can erode confidence and support in the regime. Ultimately, such resilience rests on the good faith of States and other relevant actors in pursuing common ground in regulating a common space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses a few practical details in collection proceedings for final arbitral awards for monetary claims in Switzerland under the Convention on the Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards of June 10, 1958 (“New York Convention” or “NYC”). A diligent observance of the formalities at the place of enforcement is required and typically leads to success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Vendée War (1793-1795) was an essential part of the French Revolution (1789-1799). A region of western France, south of Nantes, the Vendée, refused to continue obeying the new authorities of the Republic (1792), against a backdrop of forced military mobilization and anti-Catholic religious persecution. This peasant insurrection, led by nobles like Charette, suffered terrible repression, beyond military counter-insurgency. The Convention, the assembly governing the Republic, was very frightened in 1793, in a context of difficult foreign war and multiple domestic disputes. It took revenge by organizing a populicide in the Vendée. Carrier's infamous massacres in Nantes, carried out to order, were the norm, not a pathological exception. The infernal columns of the Republican army carried out the Vendée genocide. We propose to rediscover these historical facts, sometimes still hidden.

Can conventional rituals be meaningful? When and how can conventionality be part of processes of meaning-making rather than a mere obstacle that the cultural analyst must overcome? The article traces the meanings of minor rituals that populate the world of modern industrial societies and seem to have universal appeal. The article applies a Blochian regressive method to ethnological history in order to re-create the gradual process in which conventions appear, are disseminated, popularized, turned into group icons, and ritualized, and only then—and only sometimes—acquire discursive meanings that are often contested. This sequential model reveals the power of conventionality—the lack of contemplation about social conventions—in the processes of popularizing, ritualizing, and iconizing conventional acts. In the terms of Alexander's meaning-centered performance theory, this conventionality exemplifies a "perfect" or "effortless" fusion of performers and audience. The article thus argues that the meanings of conventional rituals—and perhaps also of conventional performances of more "sacred" rituals—often lie not in symbolic significance or semiotic thickness, but in deep conventionality : meaningfulness encoded in the convention itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article examines the current trends in legal regulation of relations on granting jurisdictional immunity to a foreign state in the countries of the continental legal family. The author analyzes the regulations in this area and shows the role of judicial practice in this process. A comparative characterization of the application of the concept of limited immunity in Western countries is given. The term «immunity of a State as a subject of international law» means that each State is not subject to the jurisdiction of another State and is not subject to any authority (legislative, executive or judicial) of a foreign State. Sovereignty and the fact that all states are equal are the basis of state immunity. Ancient Rome used well-known phrases to define the equality of states: «par in parem pop habet imperium», which means «equal over equal has no power», and «par in parem non habet iurisdictionem», which means «equal over equal has no jurisdiction». According to the idea of limited immunity, a foreign state may have jurisdictional immunity when it executes acts of juris imperii. In the same cases, the state can be sued as a private person, and it cannot rely on immunity from foreign jurisdiction, as well as immunity from seizure of property as a means of securing a claim and recovering property. According to the proponents of this idea, the main criterion for determining the sovereignty of state actions is the participation of the state in transactions that are usually carried out by individuals and corporations, and not the ultimate goal of these actions. In this case, the practice of national courts should take into account both the interests of states (uninterrupted performance of their public duties) and the interests of private plaintiffs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the legal status of women and children during the war is discussed in terms of Islamic jurisprudence and international conventions. In the first step, an attempt was made to define women from a legal point of view, then an attempt was made to examine the definition of a child and the general concept of a child in Islamic jurisprudence, law and teachings, and in the next step, an attempt was made to define the rights of women and their protection. and their immunity during the war has been discussed and also about the killing of women during the war and the verdict of killing them in terms of Islamic jurisprudence and international conventions and in the next discussion about the rights and protection of children during the war their immunity And the decision to kill them has been discussed by the warring parties from the perspective of Islam and international conventions, and recently about non-compliance with the laws of protection of women and children during the war and who is responsible for the implementation of these laws? And why does it not match? And women and children are always victims of armed battles, and what measures can be taken to ensure the security and peace of these two oppressed groups and what solutions are there? To support these two groups in the right way. It has been discussed and the views of Islamic jurists and international conventions have also been considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this scientific paper is paying attention to the application of a very important convention, which during the period of intensification of the mutual physical and legal relations in the foreign element, enables a significant facilitation in the delivery of judicial and non-judicial acts on civil or commercial matters through channels of delivery which are provided with this Convention. Of course, the main accent is the application of this Convention in the Republic of North Macedonia and the supplies or statements provided during its signing and ratification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bulletin of Ablai Khan KazUIRandWL: Series 'International Relations & Regional Studies' is the property of Kazakh Ablai Khan University of International Relations & World Languages and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Two opposed views of the history of Gothic fiction claim that a) the genre went into decline and 'died' in the early nineteenth century, and b) it has gone from strength to strength into the twenty-first century. This article defends a third hypothesis: that Gothic neither died nor endured but transformed into other genres to which the term 'Gothic' can apply analogically at best. Leaning on formal criteria (the codes or compositional conventions of eighteenth-century Gothic) it then offers a comparison between two short narratives thirty-three years apart, which, while being essentially 'the same' text, yet can be shown to belong to different genres. The article then projects the notion of language drift onto literary evolution to suggest that a form of genre drift accounts for this seeming oddity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of University of Sharjah Journal of Law Sciences (JLS) is the property of University of Sharjah - Scientific Publishing Unit and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Constitutional Convention in Chile, like other constitution-making mechanisms in democracies, carried out its work within the democratic institutional framework. In a democracy, the success of a constitution-making process depends not only on internal factors, such as its capacity for representation and the procedural rules by which it is governed, but also on external factors such as participation, the government's role and other contingent factors. When the process – including both internal and external factors – fails to produce adherence to the new constitution, institutional resistance to changes is very likely to occur. This article argues that the manner in which the political and social spectrum was represented in the Chilean Convention, combined with the way participation was implemented and the rules governing the Convention, insulated it from society and the rest of the democratic institutions. As a result, party and public adherence to the proposal made by the Convention was low and its contents generated institutional resistance from outside. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Council of Europe Convention on Preventing and Combating Violence against Women and Domestic Violence (Istanbul Convention, 2014) is the first legally binding instrument in Europe in this area and the most far-reaching international treaty to combat this serious violation of human rights. The Convention aims at zero tolerance towards violence against women and domestic violence and represents a major step forward in legal terms. By accepting the Istanbul Convention, the governments of the signatory countries undertake to reform their laws, to introduce concrete measures and to allocate resources for the effective prevention and fight against violence against women and domestic violence. The global importance of the Convention is contained in the comprehensive approach to the fight against violence against women and domestic violence and in the fact that it is open for access to countries that are not members of the Council of Europe. In order to monitor the effectiveness of the implementation of the Convention, the independent expert body GREVIO was established. Serbia ratified the Istanbul Convention in 2013. The question arises to what extent the provisions of the Istanbul Convention have been applied in Serbia, especially when it comes to the prevention and fight against sexual and gender-based violence against women. GREVIO Report with recommendations for Serbia was published in January 2020. The standards and principles established in the Istanbul Convention on preventing and combating violence against women and domestic violence have an emancipatory character and a positive transformative potential for the modernization of the relevant legal framework, public policy measures and administrative practice in Serbia. The concluding remarks are focused on accentuating the importance of implementing the necessary legal reform in Serbia, as a starting point and catalyst for removing negative gender stereotypes towards women.

Various philosophical systems have been applied to questions of nonhuman animal ethics, but the ancient Cynics have been ignored despite their close association with dogs and their commitment to philosophy as a way of life. After explaining the neglect and clearing away some obstacles to treating Cynic ethics seriously, this article looks closely at Cynic shamelessness and its connection with conventions that may fail to withstand critical scrutiny. It then goes on to discuss Diogenes’ relationship with food conventions and explores what ancient Cynicism has to offer when it comes to thinking through virtuous relationships between humans and other animals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article I investigate the main passages in which Plato and Aristotle address the problem of the dichotomy between phýsis and nómos, nature and law/custom/convention in association with the philosophy practiced by the sophists. We will study primarily the passages in which these two philosophers speak generically of the opposition between phýsis and nómos present in the thought "of the ancients" (οἱ ἀρχαῖοι, as Aristotle says in Sophistical Refutations, 173b), that is to say: without attributing specifically to a particular individual, but to a group or current of thought, mainly to the sophists. According to the established criterion, we include three passages from Plato: Laws, X, 888d-890a, Sophist, 265c and Republic, II, 358a-359b; and one passage from Aristotle: Sophistical Refutations, 173a-b. The passage from Republic, II, 358a-359b refers to the speech of Thrasymachus that precedes it, in book I, 343c-344c, and the passage from Sophistical Refutations, 173a-b, mentions the speech of Callicles in Gorgias, 482c-486d, but in both cases taking them as particular examples of general ideas more widely spread; we refer to these specific passages, as well as others throughout the text, as auxiliaries to the understanding of the general ones. Through the analysis and comparison of these texts I hope to clarify how the importance of the discussion around the natural and conventional or legal in sophistical thought was perceived by Plato and Aristotle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the Victorian reception of Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre (1847) and the collision of literary criticism with political commentary. Brontë's novel has always had a reputation for being politically troublesome, but no one seems to know why. My essay develops two claims. First, I argue that the novel's political slipperiness stems from its critics' inability to agree on what the work actually is. Jane Eyre provoked contradictory judgements from readers who could not reconcile it with existing frameworks of literary convention. The stakes were high, as attempts to define the novel's genre fused with attempts to produce a coherent sense of literary and social history. Second, I argue that the liberal feminist subject that modern criticism projects backwards onto Jane Eyre did not exist for Victorian readers, and that Brontë's governess heroine instead activates a historically fraught relationship between character, type, and women's economic and legal roles. Rather than addressing Jane Eyre directly, I treat it as the absent centre of a debate over convention, waged in reviews, pamphlets and essays, that merged literary criticism with political commentary and set crucial precedents for mid-Victorian legal debates on the woman question. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Themis: Revista de Derecho is the property of Themis Asociacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

According to Mallet's perspective, the crux of an editorial lies in its embodiment of the social, moral, or political stance of the publisher, acting on behalf of the newspaper, concerning specific issues. The author's standpoint on the subjects at hand must be lucidly evident, necessitating a firm position taken related to the problem under consideration. Although editorials commonly appear without individual attribution, the ethical and legal responsibility in such cases rests with the publication's editorial board. It remains pivotal that the editorial commentary remains distinctly separate from the news content. This study aims to elucidate the author's demeanor when composing an editorial, setting it apart from other genres within journalism where the journalist traditionally abstains from personal inclinations and focuses solely on presenting facts. Adjectives lend color and nuance to nomenclature; however, the application of adjectives that convey particular attitudes is primarily reserved for subjective texts, impressionistic depictions, commentaries, and narratives. Similar classifications extend to adverbs as well (L. Rugova & Bardh Rugova, 2015: 169). The theory (Witaker et al., 2004: 1010) referenced through Rugova (2009: 199) suggests a principle for written media - encompassing newspapers, broadcast outlets, and public relations - advocating for prudence in the use of adverbs and adjectives. Hence, we posit that within this chosen analytical framework, attribution will be abundant, yet the extent of usage will fluctuate amongst different authors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The features of mediated communication, along with those of internet language, enable cyber space to be a home for violent language, the adoption of which generally stems from the sender user's intense emotions or malicious intentions. In accounting for the diffusion of violent language in online interaction from the perspective of cyberpragmatics and speech act theory, I deduce four major variables of violent language as target, intention, message and effect. Accordingly, the article suggests a pragmatic taxonomy of violent language in online interaction, which consists of six categories ranging from conventional violent language targeted at an individual to unconventional language which is not explicitly targeted. Analysis of the categories testifies that the use of violent language in online interaction is not confined to enemies or adversaries, but extends to people who are close to each other. In such a case, rather than ruin or undermine their relationship, violent language could maintain or even strengthen it. In addition to clarifying how to deal with internet language, the article offers some suggestions for further research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the international legal status of the Caspian Sea and analyzes the provisions of the current instruments of international law entered into by Russia and the other Caspian littoral states (Azerbaijan, Iran, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan). The authors study the provisions of the Framework Convention for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the Caspian Sea (Tehran, November 4, 2003) and the Convention on the Legal Status of the Caspian Sea (Aktau, August 12, 2018), express a number of constructive suggestions for the further development of the international cooperation between the Caspian littoral countries, including the establishment of an intergovernmental coordination body, and propose its powers for discussion. Since the implementation of international instruments involves the development of national legislation, the authors of the article conduct a comparative legal study of environmental legal acts of the five Caspian littoral states and identify their similarities and differences as well as advantages and disadvantages of the national approaches to the protection of the Caspian. They note that the international instruments aimed at regulating the use and protection of the natural resources of the Caspian do not mention the goal of joint movement of the Caspian littoral states to the transition to green economy standards and the objectives of sustainable development are formulated in them in a formal way. The authors substantiate the reasonability of developing model laws for the Caspian littoral states, which will consolidate their efforts to protect the nature of the Caspian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Facultad de Derecho y Ciencias Políticas is the property of Revista Faculdad de Derecho y Ciencias Politicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

After the Marseille attack in 1934, in which French Foreign Minister Louis Barthou and King Alexander I of Yugoslavia lost their lives, from 1935 to 1937 the League of Nations worked on drafting the first Convention for the prevention and punishment of international terrorism. Only British India ratified the Convention, which never came into force. Despite this, it represents the most significant precursor of the definition and regulation of international terrorism and of the affirmation of a nexus between arms trafficking and terrorism. Also availing of unpublished diplomatic documents, this essay analyses the debate raging in those years, investigating at the same time how a highly significant chapter in the history of relations between Great Britain and pre-independence India was shaped by the two countries' different political stances and priorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In work the general principles of transfer of thermal energy in limited space are theoretically considered. To simplify the task, the tasks are defined in the Cartesian coordinate system. The dependence of the transfer on the coefficients of thermal conductivity, heat capacity and eigencoefficients of differential partial differential equations of an inhomogeneous and homogeneous nature are analyzed. Modeling sets initial and boundary conditions. In solving the problem, the method of multiple separation of variables is used. In conclusion, the final form of the function of the phenomenon of heat transfer in a limited space is derived from 4 variables.

In 2013, Spain aligned its capacity modification processes (CM) legislation with the UN Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities, specifically for individuals with severe mental disorders (SMD). The reforms replaced incapacity verdicts with support provision and introduced the term "CM". However, the social impact of these changes remains uncertain. The RECAPACITA project was initiated to generate knowledge on SMD and CM, and this study aims to investigate modifications in CM sentences and associated terminology. Using a qualitative-quantitative methodology, content analysis was conducted on 56 sentences from individuals with SMD. Terminology analysis utilized 19 sentences to achieve information saturation. A comparison was made between sentences prior to 2013 and those spanning 2014 to 2023, analyzing the data through ANOVA and Bonferroni tests (significance level: 0.05). The analysis revealed that psychiatric illness, its evolution, lack of self-governance, and economic management were frequently mentioned aspects in the sentences. However, no significant correlations were found. Qualitatively, mentions of self-governance were more prevalent in sentences before 2013. Conversely, after 2013, there was an increased focus on substances use, lack of insight and medical adherence, and the need for support in daily life. The term "incapable person" appeared in 100% of the sentences, indicating no differences in terminology. The study suggests that current CM sentences provide increasingly individualized information, addressing the specific support needs of individuals. To enhance future legal proceedings, incorporating neuroscience in studying SMD individuals and reconsidering terminology based on Convention guidelines is recommended., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

This editorial of the first issue of 2024 looks back on 2023 and then reflects on the upcoming events in the Media Ecology Association that are also important to Explorations in Media Ecology (EME). It reaffirms the relevance of media ecology to important conversations about contemporary challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]