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32 results on '"Borghesi, M"'

1. Transmon qubit modeling and characterization for Dark Matter search

Author

Moretti, R., Labranca, D., Campana, P., Carobene, R., Gobbo, M., Castellanos-Beltran, M. A., Olaya, D., Hopkins, P. F., Banchi, L., Borghesi, M., Candido, A., Corti, H. A., D'Elia, A., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Nucciotti, A., Origo, L., Pasquale, A., Komnang, A. S. Piedjou, Rettaroli, A., Tocci, S., Carrazza, S., Gatti, C., and Giachero, A.

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

This study presents the design, simulation, and experimental characterization of a superconducting transmon qubit circuit prototype for potential applications in dark matter detection experiments. We describe a planar circuit design featuring two non-interacting transmon qubits, one with fixed frequency and the other flux tunable. Finite-element simulations were employed to extract key Hamiltonian parameters and optimize component geometries. The qubit was fabricated and then characterized at $20$ mK, allowing for a comparison between simulated and measured qubit parameters. Good agreement was found for transition frequencies and anharmonicities (within 1\% and 10\% respectively) while coupling strengths exhibited larger discrepancies (30\%). We discuss potential causes for measured coherence times falling below expectations ($T_1\sim\,$1-2 \textmu s) and propose strategies for future design improvements. Notably, we demonstrate the application of a hybrid 3D-2D simulation approach for energy participation ratio evaluation, yielding a more accurate estimation of dielectric losses. This work represents an important first step in developing planar Quantum Non-Demolition (QND) single-photon counters for dark matter searches, particularly for axion and dark photon detection schemes.

Published
2024

2. Interpretable machine learning approach for electron antineutrino selection in a large liquid scintillator detector

Author

Gavrikov, A., Cerrone, V., Serafini, A., Brugnera, R., Garfagnini, A., Grassi, M., Jelmini, B., Lastrucci, L., Aiello, S., Andronico, G., Antonelli, V., Barresi, A., Basilico, D., Beretta, M., Bergnoli, A., Borghesi, M., Brigatti, A., Bruno, R., Budano, A., Caccianiga, B., Cammi, A., Caruso, R., Chiesa, D., Clementi, C., Dusini, S., Fabbri, A., Felici, G., Ferraro, F., Giammarchi, M. G., Giugice, N., Guizzetti, R. M., Guardone, N., Landini, C., Lippi, I., Loffredo, S., Loi, L., Lombardi, P., Lombardo, C., Mantovani, F., Mari, S. M., Martini, A., Miramonti, L., Montuschi, M., Nastasi, M., Orestano, D., Ortica, F., Paoloni, A., Percalli, E., Petrucci, F., Previtali, E., Ranucci, G., Re, A. C., Redchuck, M., Ricci, B., Romani, A., Saggese, P., Sava, G., Sirignano, C., Sisti, M., Stanco, L., Farilla, E. Stanescu, Strati, V., Torri, M. D. C., Triossi, A., Tuvé, C., Venettacci, C., Verde, G., and Votano, L.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Computer Science - Machine Learning, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability
Abstract

Several neutrino detectors, KamLAND, Daya Bay, Double Chooz, RENO, and the forthcoming large-scale JUNO, rely on liquid scintillator to detect reactor antineutrino interactions. In this context, inverse beta decay represents the golden channel for antineutrino detection, providing a pair of correlated events, thus a strong experimental signature to distinguish the signal from a variety of backgrounds. However, given the low cross-section of antineutrino interactions, the development of a powerful event selection algorithm becomes imperative to achieve effective discrimination between signal and backgrounds. In this study, we introduce a machine learning (ML) model to achieve this goal: a fully connected neural network as a powerful signal-background discriminator for a large liquid scintillator detector. We demonstrate, using the JUNO detector as an example, that, despite the already high efficiency of a cut-based approach, the presented ML model can further improve the overall event selection efficiency. Moreover, it allows for the retention of signal events at the detector edges that would otherwise be rejected because of the overwhelming amount of background events in that region. We also present the first interpretable analysis of the ML approach for event selection in reactor neutrino experiments. This method provides insights into the decision-making process of the model and offers valuable information for improving and updating traditional event selection approaches.

Published
2024

3. Distillation and Stripping purification plants for JUNO liquid scintillator

Author

Landini, C., Beretta, M., Lombardi, P., Brigatti, A., Montuschi, M., Parmeggiano, S., Ranucci, G., Antonelli, V., Basilico, D., Caccianiga, B., Giammarchi, M. G., Miramonti, L., Percalli, E., Re, A. C., Saggese, P., Torri, M. D. C., Aiello, S., Andronico, G., Barresi, A., Bergnoli, A., Borghesi, M., Brugnera, R., Bruno, R., Budano, A., Cammi, A., Cerrone, V., Caruso, R., Chiesa, D., Clementi, C., Dusini, S., Fabbri, A., Felici, G., Garfagnini, A., Giudice, N., Gavrikov, A., Grassi, M., Guizzetti, R. M., Guardone, N., Jelmini, B., Lastrucci, L., Lippi, I., Loi, L., Lombardo, C., Mantovani, F., Mari, S. M., Martini, A., Nastasi, M., Orestano, D., Ortica, F., Paoloni, A., Petrucci, F., Previtali, E., Redchuck, M., Ricci, B., Romani, A., Sava, G., Serafini, A., Sirignano, C., Sisti, M., Stanco, L., Farilla, E. Stanescu, Strati, V., Triossi, A., Tuvè, C., Venettacci, C., Verde, G., and Votano, L.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The optical and radiochemical purification of the scintillating liquid, which will fill the central detector of the JUNO experiment, plays a crucial role in achieving its scientific goals. Given its gigantic mass and dimensions and an unprecedented target value of about 3% @ 1 MeV in energy resolution, JUNO has set severe requirements on the parameters of its scintillator, such as attenuation length (Lat>20 m at 430 nm), transparency, light yield, and content of radioactive contaminants (238U,232Th<10-15 g/g). To accomplish these needs, the scintillator will be processed using several purification methods, including distillation in partial vacuum and gas stripping, which are performed in two large scale plants installed at the JUNO site. In this paper, layout, operating principles, and technical aspects which have driven the design and construction of the distil- lation and gas stripping plants are reviewed. The distillation is effective in enhancing the optical properties and removing heavy radio-impurities (238U,232Th, 40K), while the stripping process exploits pure water steam and high-purity nitrogen to extract gaseous contaminants (222Rn, 39Ar, 85Kr, O2) from the scintillator. The plant operating parameters have been tuned during the recent com- missioning phase at the JUNO site and several QA/QC measurements and tests have been performed to evaluate the performances of the plants. Some preliminary results on the efficiency of these purification processes will be shown., Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures

Published
2024

4. Refractive index in the JUNO liquid scintillator

Author

Zhang, H. S., Beretta, M., Cialdi, S., Yang, C. X., Huang, J. H., Ferraro, F., Cao, G. F., Reina, G., Deng, Z. Y., Suerra, E., Altilia, S., Antonelli, V., Basilico, D., Brigatti, A., Caccianiga, B., Giammarchi, M. G., Landini, C., Lombardi, P., Miramonti, L., Percalli, E., Ranucci, G., Re, A. C., Saggese, P., Torri, M. D. C., Aiello, S., Andronico, G., Barresi, A., Bergnoli, A., Borghesi, M., Brugnera, R., Bruno, R., Budano, A., Cammi, A., Cerrone, V., Caruso, R., Chiesa, D., Clementi, C., Dusini, S., Fabbri, A., Felici, G., Garfagnini, A., Giudice, N., Gavrikov, A., Grassi, M., Guizzetti, R. M., Guardone, N., Jelmini, B., Lastrucci, L., Lippi, I., Loi, L., Lombardo, C., Mantovani, F., Mari, S. M., Martini, A., Montuschi, M., Nastasi, M., Orestano, D., Ortica, F., Paoloni, A., Petrucci, F., Previtali, E., Redchuck, M., Ricci, B., Romani, A., Sava, G., Serafini, A., Sirignano, C., Sisti, M., Stanco, L., Farilla, E. Stanescu, Strati, V., Triossi, A., Tuvé, C., Venettacci, C., Verde, G., and Votano, L.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

In the field of rare event physics, it is common to have huge masses of organic liquid scintillator as detection medium. In particular, they are widely used to study neutrino properties or astrophysical neutrinos. Thanks to its safety properties (such as low toxicity and high flash point) and easy scalability, linear alkyl benzene is the most common solvent used to produce liquid scintillators for large mass experiments. The knowledge of the refractive index is a pivotal point to understand the detector response, as this quantity (and its wavelength dependence) affects the Cherenkov radiation and photon propagation in the medium. In this paper, we report the measurement of the refractive index of the JUNO liquid scintillator between 260-1064 nm performed with two different methods (an ellipsometer and a refractometer), with a sub percent level precision. In addition, we used an interferometer to measure the group velocity in the JUNO liquid scintillator and verify the expected value derived from the refractive index measurements., Comment: 6 pages, 9 figures

Published
2024

5. Global characterization of a laser-generated neutron source

Author

Higginson, DP, Lelièvre, R, Vassura, L, Gugiu, MM, Borghesi, M, Bernstein, LA, Bleuel, DL, Goldblum, BL, Green, A, Hannachi, F, Kar, S, Kisyov, S, Quentin, L, Schroer, M, Tarisien, M, Willi, O, Antici, P, Negoita, F, Allaoua, A, and Fuchs, J

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Synchrotrons and Accelerators, Physical Sciences, intense particle beams, plasma diagnostics, plasma applications, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Quantum Physics, Fluids & Plasmas, Nuclear and plasma physics
Abstract

Laser-driven neutron sources are routinely produced by the interaction of laser-accelerated protons with a converter. They present complementary characteristics to those of conventional accelerator-based neutron sources (e.g. short pulse durations, enabling novel applications like radiography). We present here results from an experiment aimed at performing a global characterization of the neutrons produced using the Titan laser at the Jupiter Laser Facility (Livermore, USA), where protons were accelerated from 23 m thick plastic targets and directed onto a LiF converter to produce neutrons. For this purpose, several diagnostics were used to measure these neutron emissions, such as CR-39, activation foils, time-of-flight detectors and direct measurement of residual activity in the LiF converters. The use of these different, independently operating diagnostics enables comparison of the various measurements performed to provide a robust characterization. These measurements led to a neutron yield of neutrons per shot with a modest angular dependence, close to that simulated.

Published
2024

6. Saturation of the compression of two interacting magnetic flux tubes evidenced in the laboratory

Author

Sladkov, A., Fegan, C., Yao, W., Bott, A. F. A., Chen, S. N., Ahmed, H., Filippov, E. D., Lelièvre, R., Martin, P., McIlvenny, A., Waltenspiel, T., Antici, P., Borghesi, M., Pikuz, S., Ciardi, A., d'Humières, E., Soloviev, A., Starodubtsev, M., and Fuchs, J.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

Interactions between magnetic fields advected by matter play a fundamental role in the Universe at all possible scales. A crucial role these interactions play is in making turbulent fields highly anisotropic, leading to observed ordered fields. These in turn, are important evolutionary factors for all the systems within and around. Despite scant evidence, due to the difficulty in measuring even near-Earth events, the magnetic field compression factor in these interactions, measured at very varied scales, is limited to a few. However, compressing matter in which a magnetic field is embedded, results in compression up to several thousands. Here we show, using laboratory experiments and matching three-dimensional hybrid simulations, that there is indeed a very effective saturation of the compression when two independent magnetic fields are advected by plasmas encounter. We found that the observed saturation is linked to a build-up of the magnetic pressure at the inflows encounter point, which decelerates them and thereby stops further compression. Moreover, the growth of an electric field, induced by the incoming flows and the magnetic field, acts in redirecting the inflows transversely, further hampering field compression.

Published
2024

7. Weibel- and non-resonant Whistler wave growth in an expanding plasma in a 1D simulation geometry

Author

Dieckmann, M E, Palodhi, L, Fegan, C, and Borghesi, M

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

Ablating a target with an ultraintense laser pulse can create a cloud of collisionless plasma. A density ramp forms, in which the plasma density decreases and the ion's mean speed increases with distance from the plasma source. Its width increases with time. Electrons lose energy in the ion's expansion direction, which gives them a temperature anisotropy. We study with one-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations the expansion of a dense plasma into a dilute one, yielding a density ramp similar to that in laser plasma experiments and a thermal-anisotropy-driven instability. Non-propagating Weibel-type modes grow in the simulation with no initial magnetic field. Their magnetic field diffuses across the the shock and expands upstream. Circularly polarized propagating Whistler waves grow in a second simulation, in which a magnetic field is aligned with the ion expansion direction. Both wave modes are driven by non-resonant instabilities, they have a similar exponential growth rates, and they can leave the density ramp and expand into the dilute plasma. Their large magnetic amplitude should make them detectable in experimental settings., Comment: 18 pages, 9 figures, accepted for publication in Physica Scripta

Published
2024

8. Broadband Parametric Amplification in DARTWARS

Author

Faverzani, M., Campana, P., Carobene, R., Gobbo, M., Ahrens, F., Avallone, G., Barone, C., Borghesi, M., Capelli, S., Carapella, G., Caricato, A. P., Callegaro, L., Carusotto, I., Celotto, A., Cian, A., D’Elia, A., Di Gioacchino, D., Enrico, E., Falferi, P., Fasolo, L., Ferri, E., Filatrella, G., Gatti, C., Giubertoni, D., Granata, V., Guarcello, C., Irace, A., Labranca, D., Leo, A., Ligi, C., Maccarrone, G., Mantegazzini, F., Margesin, B., Maruccio, G., Mezzena, R., Monteduro, A. G., Moretti, R., Nucciotti, A., Oberto, L., Origo, L., Pagano, S., Piedjou Komnang, A. S., Piersanti, L., Rettaroli, A., Rizzato, S., Tocci, S., Vinante, A., Zannoni, M., and Giachero, A.

Published
2024
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10. Development of KI-TWPAs for the DARTWARS project

Author

Ahrens, F, Ferri, E, Avallone, G, Barone, C, Borghesi, M, Callegaro, L, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Carusotto, I, Cian, A, D'Elia, A, Gioacchino, D, Enrico, E, Falferi, P, Fasolo, L, Faverzani, M, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giachero, A, Giubertoni, D, Granata, V, Guarcello, C, Labranca, D, Leo, A, Ligi, C, Maccarrone, G, Mantegazzini, F, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Moretti, R, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Origo, L, Pagano, S, Piedjou, A, Piersanti, L, Rettaroli, A, Rizzato, S, Tocci, S, Vinante, A, Zannoni, M, Ahrens F., Ferri E., Avallone G., Barone C., Borghesi M., Callegaro L., Carapella G., Caricato A. P., Carusotto I., Cian A., D'Elia A., Gioacchino D. D., Enrico E., Falferi P., Fasolo L., Faverzani M., Filatrella G., Gatti C., Giachero A., Giubertoni D., Granata V., Guarcello C., Labranca D., Leo A., Ligi C., Maccarrone G., Mantegazzini F., Margesin B., Maruccio G., Mezzena R., Monteduro A. G., Moretti R., Nucciotti A., Oberto L., Origo L., Pagano S., Piedjou A. S., Piersanti L., Rettaroli A., Rizzato S., Tocci S., Vinante A., Zannoni M., Ahrens, F, Ferri, E, Avallone, G, Barone, C, Borghesi, M, Callegaro, L, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Carusotto, I, Cian, A, D'Elia, A, Gioacchino, D, Enrico, E, Falferi, P, Fasolo, L, Faverzani, M, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giachero, A, Giubertoni, D, Granata, V, Guarcello, C, Labranca, D, Leo, A, Ligi, C, Maccarrone, G, Mantegazzini, F, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Moretti, R, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Origo, L, Pagano, S, Piedjou, A, Piersanti, L, Rettaroli, A, Rizzato, S, Tocci, S, Vinante, A, Zannoni, M, Ahrens F., Ferri E., Avallone G., Barone C., Borghesi M., Callegaro L., Carapella G., Caricato A. P., Carusotto I., Cian A., D'Elia A., Gioacchino D. D., Enrico E., Falferi P., Fasolo L., Faverzani M., Filatrella G., Gatti C., Giachero A., Giubertoni D., Granata V., Guarcello C., Labranca D., Leo A., Ligi C., Maccarrone G., Mantegazzini F., Margesin B., Maruccio G., Mezzena R., Monteduro A. G., Moretti R., Nucciotti A., Oberto L., Origo L., Pagano S., Piedjou A. S., Piersanti L., Rettaroli A., Rizzato S., Tocci S., Vinante A., and Zannoni M.

Abstract

Noise at the quantum limit over a broad bandwidth is a fundamental requirement for future cryogenic experiments for neutrino mass measurements, dark matter searches and Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) measurements as well as for fast high-fidelity read-out of superconducting qubits. In the last years, Josephson Parametric Amplifiers (JPA) have demonstrated noise levels close to the quantum limit, but due to their narrow bandwidth, only few detectors or qubits per line can be read out in parallel. An alternative and innovative solution is based on superconducting parametric amplification exploiting the travelling-wave concept. Within the DARTWARS (Detector Array Readout with Travelling Wave AmplifieRS) project, we develop Kinetic Inductance Travelling-Wave Parametric Amplifiers (KI-TWPAs) for low temperature detectors and qubit read-out. KI-TWPAs are typically operated in a threewave mixing (3WM) mode and are characterised by a high gain, a high saturation power, a large amplification bandwidth and nearly quantum limited noise performance. The goal of the DARTWARS project is to optimise the KI-TWPA design, explore new materials, and investigate alternative fabrication processes in order to enhance the overall performance of the amplifier. In this contribution we present the advancements made by the DARTWARS collaboration to produce a working prototype of a KI-TWPA, from the fabrication to the characterisation.

Published
2024

11. Experimental Characterization of RF-SQUIDs Based Josephson Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifier Exploiting Resonant Phase Matching Scheme

Author

Fasolo, L, Ahrens, F, Avallone, G, Barone, C, Borghesi, M, Callegaro, L, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Carusotto, I, Cian, A, D'Elia, A, Gioacchino, D, Falferi, P, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giubertoni, D, Granata, V, Guarcello, C, Labranca, D, Leo, A, Ligi, C, Livreri, P, Maccarrone, G, Mantegazzini, F, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Moretti, R, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Origo, L, Pagano, S, Piedjou, A, Piersanti, L, Rettaroli, A, Rizzato, S, Tocci, S, Vinante, A, Zannoni, M, Giachero, A, Enrico, E, Fasolo, L., Ahrens, F., Avallone, G., Barone, C., Borghesi, M., Callegaro, L., Carapella, G., Caricato, A. P., Carusotto, I., Cian, A., D'Elia, A., Gioacchino, D. Di, Falferi, P., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Filatrella, G., Gatti, C., Giubertoni, D., Granata, V., Guarcello, C., Labranca, D., Leo, A., Ligi, C., Livreri, P., Maccarrone, G., Mantegazzini, F., Margesin, B., Maruccio, G., Mezzena, R., Monteduro, A. G., Moretti, R., Nucciotti, A., Oberto, L., Origo, L., Pagano, S., Piedjou, A. S., Piersanti, L., Rettaroli, A., Rizzato, S., Tocci, S., Vinante, A., Zannoni, M., Giachero, A., Enrico, E., Fasolo, L, Ahrens, F, Avallone, G, Barone, C, Borghesi, M, Callegaro, L, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Carusotto, I, Cian, A, D'Elia, A, Gioacchino, D, Falferi, P, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giubertoni, D, Granata, V, Guarcello, C, Labranca, D, Leo, A, Ligi, C, Livreri, P, Maccarrone, G, Mantegazzini, F, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Moretti, R, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Origo, L, Pagano, S, Piedjou, A, Piersanti, L, Rettaroli, A, Rizzato, S, Tocci, S, Vinante, A, Zannoni, M, Giachero, A, Enrico, E, Fasolo, L., Ahrens, F., Avallone, G., Barone, C., Borghesi, M., Callegaro, L., Carapella, G., Caricato, A. P., Carusotto, I., Cian, A., D'Elia, A., Gioacchino, D. Di, Falferi, P., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Filatrella, G., Gatti, C., Giubertoni, D., Granata, V., Guarcello, C., Labranca, D., Leo, A., Ligi, C., Livreri, P., Maccarrone, G., Mantegazzini, F., Margesin, B., Maruccio, G., Mezzena, R., Monteduro, A. G., Moretti, R., Nucciotti, A., Oberto, L., Origo, L., Pagano, S., Piedjou, A. S., Piersanti, L., Rettaroli, A., Rizzato, S., Tocci, S., Vinante, A., Zannoni, M., Giachero, A., and Enrico, E.

Abstract

This study presents recent advancements in Josephson Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifiers (JTWPAs) developed and tested at INRiM within the DARTWARS project framework. Combining Josephson junctions with superconducting coplanar waveguides, JTWPAs offer advanced capabilities for quantum-limited broadband microwave amplification and the emission of non-classical microwave radiation. The work delves into the architecture, optimization, and experimental characterization of a JTWPA with a Resonant Phase-Matching mechanism, highlighting signal gains and idler conversion factors in relation to pump power and signal frequency.

Published
2024

12. Design and Simulation of a Transmon Qubit Chip for Axion Detection

Author

Moretti, R, Corti, H, Labranca, D, Ahrens, F, Avallone, G, Babusci, D, Banchi, L, Barone, C, Beretta, M, Borghesi, M, Buonomo, B, Calore, E, Carapella, G, Chiarello, F, Cian, A, Cidronali, A, Costa, F, Cuccoli, A, D'Elia, A, Gioacchino, D, Pascoli, S, Falferi, P, Fanciulli, M, Faverzani, M, Felici, G, Ferri, E, Filatrella, G, Foggetta, L, Gatti, C, Giachero, A, Giazotto, F, Giubertoni, D, Granata, V, Guarcello, C, Lamanna, G, Ligi, C, Maccarrone, G, Macucci, M, Manara, G, Mantegazzini, F, Marconcini, P, Margesin, B, Mattioli, F, Miola, A, Nucciotti, A, Origo, L, Pagano, S, Paolucci, F, Piersanti, L, Rettaroli, A, Sanguinetti, S, Schifano, S, Spagnolo, P, Tocci, S, Toncelli, A, Torrioli, G, Vinante, A, Moretti R., Corti H. A., Labranca D., Ahrens F., Avallone G., Babusci D., Banchi L., Barone C., Beretta M. M., Borghesi M., Buonomo B., Calore E., Carapella G., Chiarello F., Cian A., Cidronali A., Costa F., Cuccoli A., D'Elia A., Gioacchino D. D., Pascoli S. D., Falferi P., Fanciulli M., Faverzani M., Felici G., Ferri E., Filatrella G., Foggetta L. G., Gatti C., Giachero A., Giazotto F., Giubertoni D., Granata V., Guarcello C., Lamanna G., Ligi C., Maccarrone G., Macucci M., Manara G., Mantegazzini F., Marconcini P., Margesin B., Mattioli F., Miola A., Nucciotti A., Origo L., Pagano S., Paolucci F., Piersanti L., Rettaroli A., Sanguinetti S., Schifano S. F., Spagnolo P., Tocci S., Toncelli A., Torrioli G., Vinante A., Moretti, R, Corti, H, Labranca, D, Ahrens, F, Avallone, G, Babusci, D, Banchi, L, Barone, C, Beretta, M, Borghesi, M, Buonomo, B, Calore, E, Carapella, G, Chiarello, F, Cian, A, Cidronali, A, Costa, F, Cuccoli, A, D'Elia, A, Gioacchino, D, Pascoli, S, Falferi, P, Fanciulli, M, Faverzani, M, Felici, G, Ferri, E, Filatrella, G, Foggetta, L, Gatti, C, Giachero, A, Giazotto, F, Giubertoni, D, Granata, V, Guarcello, C, Lamanna, G, Ligi, C, Maccarrone, G, Macucci, M, Manara, G, Mantegazzini, F, Marconcini, P, Margesin, B, Mattioli, F, Miola, A, Nucciotti, A, Origo, L, Pagano, S, Paolucci, F, Piersanti, L, Rettaroli, A, Sanguinetti, S, Schifano, S, Spagnolo, P, Tocci, S, Toncelli, A, Torrioli, G, Vinante, A, Moretti R., Corti H. A., Labranca D., Ahrens F., Avallone G., Babusci D., Banchi L., Barone C., Beretta M. M., Borghesi M., Buonomo B., Calore E., Carapella G., Chiarello F., Cian A., Cidronali A., Costa F., Cuccoli A., D'Elia A., Gioacchino D. D., Pascoli S. D., Falferi P., Fanciulli M., Faverzani M., Felici G., Ferri E., Filatrella G., Foggetta L. G., Gatti C., Giachero A., Giazotto F., Giubertoni D., Granata V., Guarcello C., Lamanna G., Ligi C., Maccarrone G., Macucci M., Manara G., Mantegazzini F., Marconcini P., Margesin B., Mattioli F., Miola A., Nucciotti A., Origo L., Pagano S., Paolucci F., Piersanti L., Rettaroli A., Sanguinetti S., Schifano S. F., Spagnolo P., Tocci S., Toncelli A., Torrioli G., and Vinante A.

Abstract

Quantum Sensing is a rapidly expanding research field that finds one of its applications in Fundamental Physics, as the search for Dark Matter. Devices based on superconducting qubits have already been successfully applied in detecting few-GHz single photons via Quantum Non-Demolition measurement (QND). This technique allows us to perform repeatable measurements, bringing remarkable sensitivity improvements and dark count rate suppression in experiments based on high-precision microwave photon detection, such as for Axions and Dark Photons search. In this context, the INFN Qub-IT project goal is to realize an itinerant single-photon counter based on superconducting qubits that will exploit QND for enhancing Axion search experiments. In this study, we present Qub-IT's status towards the realization of its first superconducting qubit device, illustrating design and simulation procedures and the characterization of fabricated Coplanar Waveguide Resonators (CPWs) for readout. We match target qubit parameters and assess a few-percent level agreement between lumped and distributed element simulation models. We reach a maximum internal quality factor of 9.2×105 for -92 dBm on-chip readout power.

Published
2024

13. Broadband Parametric Amplification in DARTWARS

Author

Faverzani, M, Campana, P, Carobene, R, Gobbo, M, Ahrens, F, Avallone, G, Barone, C, Borghesi, M, Capelli, S, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Callegaro, L, Carusotto, I, Celotto, A, Cian, A, D’Elia, A, Di Gioacchino, D, Enrico, E, Falferi, P, Fasolo, L, Ferri, E, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giubertoni, D, Granata, V, Guarcello, C, Irace, A, Labranca, D, Leo, A, Ligi, C, Maccarrone, G, Mantegazzini, F, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Moretti, R, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Origo, L, Pagano, S, Piedjou Komnang, A, Piersanti, L, Rettaroli, A, Rizzato, S, Tocci, S, Vinante, A, Zannoni, M, Giachero, A, Faverzani, M., Campana, P., Carobene, R., Gobbo, M., Ahrens, F., Avallone, G., Barone, C., Borghesi, M., Capelli, S., Carapella, G., Caricato, A. P., Callegaro, L., Carusotto, I., Celotto, A., Cian, A., D’Elia, A., Di Gioacchino, D., Enrico, E., Falferi, P., Fasolo, L., Ferri, E., Filatrella, G., Gatti, C., Giubertoni, D., Granata, V., Guarcello, C., Irace, A., Labranca, D., Leo, A., Ligi, C., Maccarrone, G., Mantegazzini, F., Margesin, B., Maruccio, G., Mezzena, R., Monteduro, A. G., Moretti, R., Nucciotti, A., Oberto, L., Origo, L., Pagano, S., Piedjou Komnang, A. S., Piersanti, L., Rettaroli, A., Rizzato, S., Tocci, S., Vinante, A., Zannoni, M., Giachero, A., Faverzani, M, Campana, P, Carobene, R, Gobbo, M, Ahrens, F, Avallone, G, Barone, C, Borghesi, M, Capelli, S, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Callegaro, L, Carusotto, I, Celotto, A, Cian, A, D’Elia, A, Di Gioacchino, D, Enrico, E, Falferi, P, Fasolo, L, Ferri, E, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giubertoni, D, Granata, V, Guarcello, C, Irace, A, Labranca, D, Leo, A, Ligi, C, Maccarrone, G, Mantegazzini, F, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Moretti, R, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Origo, L, Pagano, S, Piedjou Komnang, A, Piersanti, L, Rettaroli, A, Rizzato, S, Tocci, S, Vinante, A, Zannoni, M, Giachero, A, Faverzani, M., Campana, P., Carobene, R., Gobbo, M., Ahrens, F., Avallone, G., Barone, C., Borghesi, M., Capelli, S., Carapella, G., Caricato, A. P., Callegaro, L., Carusotto, I., Celotto, A., Cian, A., D’Elia, A., Di Gioacchino, D., Enrico, E., Falferi, P., Fasolo, L., Ferri, E., Filatrella, G., Gatti, C., Giubertoni, D., Granata, V., Guarcello, C., Irace, A., Labranca, D., Leo, A., Ligi, C., Maccarrone, G., Mantegazzini, F., Margesin, B., Maruccio, G., Mezzena, R., Monteduro, A. G., Moretti, R., Nucciotti, A., Oberto, L., Origo, L., Pagano, S., Piedjou Komnang, A. S., Piersanti, L., Rettaroli, A., Rizzato, S., Tocci, S., Vinante, A., Zannoni, M., and Giachero, A.

Abstract

Superconducting parametric amplifiers offer the capability to amplify feeble signals with extremely low levels of added noise, potentially reaching quantum-limited amplification. This characteristic makes them essential components in the realm of high-fidelity quantum computing and serves to propel advancements in the field of quantum sensing. In particular, Traveling-Wave Parametric Amplifiers (TWPAs) may be especially suitable for practical applications due to their multi-Gigahertz amplification bandwidth, a feature lacking in Josephson Parametric Amplifiers (JPAs), despite the latter being a more established technology. This paper presents recent developments of the DARTWARS (Detector Array Readout with Traveling Wave AmplifieRS) project, focusing on the latest prototypes of Kinetic Inductance TWPAs (KITWPAs). The project aims to develop a KITWPA capable of achieving 20 dB of amplification. To enhance the production yield, the first prototypes were fabricated with half the length and expected gain of the final device. In this paper, we present the results of the characterization of one of the half-length prototypes. The measurements revealed an average amplification of approximately 9 dB across a 2 GHz bandwidth for a KITWPA spanning 17 mm in length.

Published
2024

14. Thromboprophylaxis during neoadjuvant chemotherapy before cystectomy is associated with a lower risk of venous thromboembolism and bleeding, a multicentric retrospective study

Author

Antonelli, L., primary, Afferi, L., additional, Leonardo, C., additional, Borghesi, M., additional, Antonelli, A., additional, Tully, K., additional, Umari, P., additional, Albisinni, S., additional, Mari, A., additional, Pichler, R., additional, Claps, F., additional, Teoh, J.Y-C., additional, Schulz, G.B., additional, Soria, F., additional, Poyet, C., additional, Alrumayyan, M., additional, Rink, M., additional, Zamboni, S., additional, Campi, R., additional, Mertens, L., additional, Roupret, M., additional, Lavallee, L., additional, Moschini, M., additional, and Fankhauser, C.D., additional

Published
2024
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15. Intravesical instillations in octagenerian high grade, non muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients: Could they offer a real survival advantage?

Author

Guano, G., primary, Chierigo, F., additional, Rebuffo, S., additional, Parodi, S., additional, Tappero, S., additional, Ambrosini, F., additional, Vecco, F., additional, Paola, C., additional, Granelli, G., additional, Vecchio, E., additional, Lo Monaco, L.L.B., additional, Col, B., additional, Ragno, G., additional, Mantica, G., additional, Terrone, C., additional, and Borghesi, M., additional

Published
2024
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16. Nonlinear Behavior of Josephson Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifiers

Author

Guarcello, C, Ahrens, F, Avallone, G, Barone, C, Borghesi, M, Callegaro, L, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Carusotto, I, Cian, A, D'Elia, A, Gioacchino, D, Enrico, E, Falferi, P, Fasolo, L, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giachero, A, Giubertoni, D, Granata, V, Leo, A, Labranca, D, Ligi, C, Maccarrone, G, Mantegazzini, F, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Moretti, R, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Origo, L, Komnang, A, Pagano, S, Piersanti, L, Rettaroli, A, Rizzato, S, Tocci, S, Vinante, A, Zannoni, M, Guarcello, Claudio, Ahrens, Felix, Avallone, Guerino, Barone, Carlo, Borghesi, Matteo, Callegaro, Luca, Carapella, Giovanni, Caricato, Anna Paola, Carusotto, Iacopo, Cian, Alessandro, D'Elia, Alessandro, Gioacchino, Daniele Di, Enrico, Emanuele, Falferi, Paolo, Fasolo, Luca, Faverzani, Marco, Ferri, Elena, Filatrella, Giovanni, Gatti, Claudio, Giachero, Andrea, Giubertoni, Damiano, Granata, Veronica, Leo, Angelo, Labranca, Danilo, Ligi, Carlo, Maccarrone, Giovanni, Mantegazzini, Federica, Margesin, Benno, Maruccio, Giuseppe, Mezzena, Renato, Monteduro, Anna Grazia, Moretti, Roberto, Nucciotti, Angelo, Oberto, Luca, Origo, Luca, Komnang, Alex Stephane Piedjou, Pagano, Sergio, Piersanti, Luca, Rettaroli, Alessio, Rizzato, Silvia, Tocci, Simone, Vinante, Andrea, Zannoni, Mario, Guarcello, C, Ahrens, F, Avallone, G, Barone, C, Borghesi, M, Callegaro, L, Carapella, G, Caricato, A, Carusotto, I, Cian, A, D'Elia, A, Gioacchino, D, Enrico, E, Falferi, P, Fasolo, L, Faverzani, M, Ferri, E, Filatrella, G, Gatti, C, Giachero, A, Giubertoni, D, Granata, V, Leo, A, Labranca, D, Ligi, C, Maccarrone, G, Mantegazzini, F, Margesin, B, Maruccio, G, Mezzena, R, Monteduro, A, Moretti, R, Nucciotti, A, Oberto, L, Origo, L, Komnang, A, Pagano, S, Piersanti, L, Rettaroli, A, Rizzato, S, Tocci, S, Vinante, A, Zannoni, M, Guarcello, Claudio, Ahrens, Felix, Avallone, Guerino, Barone, Carlo, Borghesi, Matteo, Callegaro, Luca, Carapella, Giovanni, Caricato, Anna Paola, Carusotto, Iacopo, Cian, Alessandro, D'Elia, Alessandro, Gioacchino, Daniele Di, Enrico, Emanuele, Falferi, Paolo, Fasolo, Luca, Faverzani, Marco, Ferri, Elena, Filatrella, Giovanni, Gatti, Claudio, Giachero, Andrea, Giubertoni, Damiano, Granata, Veronica, Leo, Angelo, Labranca, Danilo, Ligi, Carlo, Maccarrone, Giovanni, Mantegazzini, Federica, Margesin, Benno, Maruccio, Giuseppe, Mezzena, Renato, Monteduro, Anna Grazia, Moretti, Roberto, Nucciotti, Angelo, Oberto, Luca, Origo, Luca, Komnang, Alex Stephane Piedjou, Pagano, Sergio, Piersanti, Luca, Rettaroli, Alessio, Rizzato, Silvia, Tocci, Simone, Vinante, Andrea, and Zannoni, Mario

Abstract

Recent advancements in quantum technologies and advanced detection experiments have underscored the pressing need for the detection of exceedingly weak signals within the microwave frequency spectrum. Addressing this challenge, the Josephson Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifier (JTWPA) has been proposed as a cryogenic front-end amplifier capable of approaching the quantum noise limit while providing a relevant bandwidth. This research is centered on a comprehensive numerical investigation of the JTWPA, without resorting to simplifications regarding the nonlinearity of the essential components. Specifically, this study focuses on a thorough examination of the system, characterized by coupled nonlinear differential equations representing all components of the device. Proper input and output signals at the device's boundaries are considered. The analysis of the output signals undergoing the parametric amplification process involves a detailed exploration of phase-space dynamics and Fourier spectral analysis of the output voltage. This study is conducted while considering the parameters ruling the response of the device under pump and signal excitations. In addition to the expected signal amplification, the findings reveal that the nonlinear nature of the system can give rise to unforeseen phenomena, depending on the system's operational conditions, which include: the generation of pump tone harmonics, modulation of the signal gain, and incommensurate frequency generation—effects that are not easily accommodated by simplistic linearized approaches. IEEE

Published
2024

17. Background studies for the HOLMES experiment

Author

Borghesi, M and Borghesi, M

Abstract

Determining the mass of neutrinos is one of the most compelling topics in particle physics. HOLMES, an experiment for a direct measurement of the neutrino mass, is addressing this subject through a calorimetric approach, exploiting arrays of Low-Temperature Transition-Edge Sensor Detectors (TESs) loaded with 163Ho. The experiment has entered its first phase in 2023, implanting approximately 1 Bq per pixel in an array of 64 detectors. In this work, I present the measurement made before this stage, in order to determine the expected background arising from natural radioactivity and cosmic rays. The significance of this background depends on the activity per pixel, which has yet to be defined based on the result of the first phase.

Published
2024

18. In-situ formation of solidified hydrogen thin-membrane targets using a pulse tube cryocooler

Author

Astbury, S., Bedacht, S., Brummitt, P., Carroll, D., Clarke, R., Crisp, S., Hernandez-Gomez, C., Holligan, P., Hook, S., Merchan, J. S., Neely, D., Ortner, A., Rathbone, D., Rice, P., Schaumann, G., Scott, G., Spindloe, C., Spurdle, S., Tebartz, A., Tomlinson, S., Wagner, F., Borghesi, M., Roth, M., Tolley, M. K., Astbury, S., Bedacht, S., Brummitt, P., Carroll, D., Clarke, R., Crisp, S., Hernandez-Gomez, C., Holligan, P., Hook, S., Merchan, J. S., Neely, D., Ortner, A., Rathbone, D., Rice, P., Schaumann, G., Scott, G., Spindloe, C., Spurdle, S., Tebartz, A., Tomlinson, S., Wagner, F., Borghesi, M., Roth, M., and Tolley, M. K.

Abstract

An account is given of the Central Laser Facility's work to produce a cryogenic hydrogen targetry system using a pulse tube cryocooler. Due to the increasing demand for low Z thin laser targets, CLF (in collaboration with TUD) have been developing a system which allows the production of solid hydrogen membranes by engineering a design which can achieve this remotely; enabling the gas injection, condensation and solidification of hydrogen without compromising the vacuum of the target chamber. A dynamic sealing mechanism was integrated which allows targets to be grown and then remotely exposed to open vacuum for laser interaction. Further research was conducted on the survivability of the cryogenic targets which concluded that a warm gas effect causes temperature spiking when exposing the solidified hydrogen to the outer vacuum. This effect was shown to be mitigated by improving the pumping capacity of the environment and reducing the minimum temperature obtainable on the target mount. This was achieved by developing a two-stage radiation shield encased with superinsulating blanketing; reducing the base temperature from 14 ± 0.5 K to 7.2 ± 0.2 K about the coldhead as well as improving temperature control stability following the installation of a high-performance temperature controller and sensor apparatus. The system was delivered experimentally and in July 2014 the first laser shots were taken upon hydrogen targets in the Vulcan TAP facility.

Published
2024

19. Design and Simulation of a Transmon Qubit Chip for Axion Detection

Author

Moretti, R., primary, Corti, H. Atse, additional, Labranca, D., additional, Ahrens, F., additional, Avallone, G., additional, Babusci, D., additional, Banchi, L., additional, Barone, C., additional, Beretta, M. M., additional, Borghesi, M., additional, Buonomo, B., additional, Calore, E., additional, Carapella, G., additional, Chiarello, F., additional, Cian, A., additional, Cidronali, A., additional, Costa, F., additional, Cuccoli, A., additional, D'Elia, A., additional, Gioacchino, D. Di, additional, Pascoli, S. Di, additional, Falferi, P., additional, Fanciulli, M., additional, Faverzani, M., additional, Felici, G., additional, Ferri, E., additional, Filatrella, G., additional, Foggetta, L. G., additional, Gatti, C., additional, Giachero, A., additional, Giazotto, F., additional, Giubertoni, D., additional, Granata, V., additional, Guarcello, C., additional, Lamanna, G., additional, Ligi, C., additional, Maccarrone, G., additional, Macucci, M., additional, Manara, G., additional, Mantegazzini, F., additional, Marconcini, P., additional, Margesin, B., additional, Mattioli, F., additional, Miola, A., additional, Nucciotti, A., additional, Origo, L., additional, Pagano, S., additional, Paolucci, F., additional, Piersanti, L., additional, Rettaroli, A., additional, Sanguinetti, S., additional, Schifano, S. F., additional, Spagnolo, P., additional, Tocci, S., additional, Toncelli, A., additional, Torrioli, G., additional, and Vinante, A., additional

Published
2024
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20. Development of KI-TWPAs for the DARTWARS Project

Author

Ahrens, F., Ferri, E., Avallone, G., Barone, C., Borghesi, M., Callegaro, L., Carapella, G., Caricato, A. P., Carusotto, I., Cian, A., D'Elia, A., Gioacchino, D. Di, Enrico, E., Falferi, P., Fasolo, L., Faverzani, M., Filatrella, G., Gatti, C., Giachero, A., Giubertoni, D., Granata, V., Guarcello, C., Labranca, D., Leo, A., Ligi, C., Maccarrone, G., Mantegazzini, F., Margesin, B., Maruccio, G., Mezzena, R., Monteduro, A. G., Moretti, R., Nucciotti, A., Oberto, L., Origo, L., Pagano, S., Piedjou, A. S., Piersanti, L., Rettaroli, A., Rizzato, S., Tocci, S., Vinante, A., and Zannoni, M.

Abstract

Noise at the quantum limit over a broad bandwidth is a fundamental requirement for future cryogenic experiments for neutrino mass measurements, dark matter searches, and Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) measurements as well as for fast high-fidelity read-out of superconducting qubits. In the last years, Josephson Parametric Amplifiers (JPA) have demonstrated noise levels close to the quantum limit, but due to their narrow bandwidth, only few detectors or qubits per line can be read out in parallel. An alternative and innovative solution is based on superconducting parametric amplification exploiting the travelling-wave concept. Within the Detector Array Readout with Travelling Wave AmplifieRS (DARTWARS) project, we develop Kinetic Inductance Travelling-Wave Parametric Amplifiers (KI-TWPAs) for low temperature detectors and qubit read-out. KI-TWPAs are typically operated in a three-wave mixing (3WM) mode and are characterised by a high gain, a high saturation power, a large amplification bandwidth, and nearly quantum limited noise performance. The goal of the DARTWARS project is to optimise the KI-TWPA design, explore new materials, and investigate alternative fabrication processes in order to enhance the overall performance of the amplifier. In this contribution we present the advancements made by the DARTWARS collaboration to produce a working prototype of a KI-TWPA, from the fabrication to the characterisation.

Published
2024
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21. Experimental Characterization of RF-SQUIDs Based Josephson Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifier Exploiting Resonant Phase Matching Scheme

Author

Fasolo, L., Ahrens, F., Avallone, G., Barone, C., Borghesi, M., Callegaro, L., Carapella, G., Caricato, A. P., Carusotto, I., Cian, A., D'Elia, A., Gioacchino, D. Di, Falferi, P., Faverzani, M., Ferri, E., Filatrella, G., Gatti, C., Giubertoni, D., Granata, V., Guarcello, C., Labranca, D., Leo, A., Ligi, C., Livreri, P., Maccarrone, G., Mantegazzini, F., Margesin, B., Maruccio, G., Mezzena, R., Monteduro, A. G., Moretti, R., Nucciotti, A., Oberto, L., Origo, L., Pagano, S., Piedjou, A. S., Piersanti, L., Rettaroli, A., Rizzato, S., Tocci, S., Vinante, A., Zannoni, M., Giachero, A., and Enrico, E.

Abstract

This study presents recent advancements in Josephson Traveling Wave Parametric Amplifiers (JTWPAs) developed and tested at Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica within the Detector Array Readout with Traveling Wave AmplifieRS project framework. Combining Josephson junctions with superconducting coplanar waveguides, JTWPAs offer advanced capabilities for quantum-limited broadband microwave amplification and the emission of non-classical microwave radiation. The work delves into the architecture, optimization, and experimental characterization of a JTWPA with a Resonant Phase-Matching mechanism, highlighting signal gains and idler conversion factors in relation to pump power and signal frequency.

Published
2024
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22. A0897 - Thromboprophylaxis during neoadjuvant chemotherapy before cystectomy is associated with a lower risk of venous thromboembolism and bleeding, a multicentric retrospective study.

Author

Antonelli, L., Afferi, L., Leonardo, C., Borghesi, M., Antonelli, A., Tully, K., Umari, P., Albisinni, S., Mari, A., Pichler, R., Claps, F., Teoh, J.Y-C., Schulz, G.B., Soria, F., Poyet, C., Alrumayyan, M., Rink, M., Zamboni, S., Campi, R., and Mertens, L.

Subjects
*THROMBOEMBOLISM, *NEOADJUVANT chemotherapy, *CYSTECTOMY, *HEMORRHAGE, *RETROSPECTIVE studies
Published
2024
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23. A0733 - Intravesical instillations in octagenerian high grade, non muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients: Could they offer a real survival advantage?

Author

Guano, G., Chierigo, F., Rebuffo, S., Parodi, S., Tappero, S., Ambrosini, F., Vecco, F., Paola, C., Granelli, G., Vecchio, E., Lo Monaco, L.L.B., Col, B., Ragno, G., Mantica, G., Terrone, C., and Borghesi, M.

Subjects
*INTRAVESICAL administration, *CANCER invasiveness, *BLADDER cancer, *CANCER patients
Published
2024
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24. Prostate cancer diagnostic pathway in men with lower urinary tract symptoms or performing opportunistic screening: The Italian Society of Urology (SIU) position paper.

Author

Ficarra V, Bartoletti R, Borghesi M, DE Nunzio C, Falagario UG, Gandaglia G, Giannarini G, Minervini A, Mirone V, Porpiglia F, Rocco B, Salonia A, Verze P, and Carrieri G

Subjects
Male, Humans, Early Detection of Cancer methods, Italy, Urology standards, Critical Pathways standards, Prostate-Specific Antigen blood, Societies, Medical, Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods, Prostatic Neoplasms diagnosis, Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms diagnosis
Abstract

Background: Voluntary PCa screening frequently results in excessive use of unnecessary diagnostic tests and an increasing risk of detection of indolent PCa and unaffordable costs for the various national health systems. In this scenario, the Italian Society of Urology (Società Italiana di Urologia, SIU) proposes an organized flow chart guiding physicians to improve early diagnosis of significant PCa avoiding unnecessary diagnostic tests and prostate biopsy., Methods: According to available evidence and international guidelines [i.e., European Association of Urology (EAU), American Association of Urology (AUA) and National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN)] on PCa, a Panel of expert urologists selected by Italian Society of Urology (SIU, Società Italiana di Urologia) proposed some indications to develop a stepwise diagnostic pathway based on the diagnostic tests mainly used in the clinical practice. The final document was submitted to six expert urologists for external revision and approval. Moreover, the final document was shared with patient advocacy groups., Results: In voluntary men and symptomatic patients with elevated PSA value (>3 ng/mL), the Panel strongly discourage the use of antibiotic agents in absence of urinary tract infection confirmed by urine culture. DRE remains a key part of the urologic physical examination helping urologists to correctly interpret PSA elevation and prioritizing the execution of multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging (mpMRI) in presence of suspicious PCa. Men with negative mpMRI and low clinical suspicion of PSA (PSA density < 0.20 ng/mL/cc, negative DRE findings, no family history) can be further monitored. Men with negative mpMRI and a higher risk of PCa (familial history, suspicious DRE, PSAD>0.20 ng/mL/cc or PSA>20 ng/mL) should be considered for systematic prostate biopsy. While PI-RADS 4-5 lesions represent a strong indication for prostate biopsy, PI-RADS 3 lesions should be further stratified according to PSAD values and prostate biopsy performed when PSAD is higher than 0.20. Accreditation, certification, and quality audits of radiologists and centers performing prostatic mpMRI should be strongly considered. The accessibility and/or the waiting list for MRI examinations should be also evaluated in the diagnostic pathway. The panel suggests performing transperineal or transrectal targeted plus systematic biopsies as standard of care., Conclusions: Scientific societies must support the use of shared diagnostic pathway with the aim to increase the early detection of significant PCa reducing a delayed diagnosis of advanced PCa. Moreover, a shared diagnostic pathway can reduce the incorrect use of antibiotic, the number of unnecessary laboratory and radiologic examinations as well as of prostate biopsies.

Published
2024
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25. Organized prostate cancer screening program: a proposal from the Italian Society of Urology (SIU).

Author

Ficarra V, Bartoletti R, Borghesi M, Caffo O, DE Nunzio C, Falagario UG, Gandaglia G, Giannarini G, Minervini A, Mirone V, Porpiglia F, Rocco B, Salonia A, Verze P, and Carrieri G

Subjects
Male, Humans, Italy epidemiology, Middle Aged, Mass Screening methods, Societies, Medical, Risk Factors, Prostatic Neoplasms diagnosis, Prostatic Neoplasms epidemiology, Early Detection of Cancer methods, Prostate-Specific Antigen blood
Abstract

To contrast opportunistic PCa screening, the European Union Council suggested extending screening programs to PCa by recommending the implementation of a stepwise approach in the EU Countries to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of an organized program based on PSA testing in combination with additional MRI as a follow-up test. The objective of this expert-based document is to propose an organized PCa screening program according to the EU Council recommendations. The Italian Society of Urology (SIU) developed a team of experts with the aim to report 1) the most recent epidemiologic data about incidence, prevalence, and mortality of PCa; 2) the most important risk factors to identify categories of men with an increased risk to eventually develop the disease; 3) the most relevant studies presenting data on population-based screening; and 4) the current recommendations of the leading International Guidelines. According to previous evidence, the Panel proposed some indications to develop a new organized PCa screening program for asymptomatic men with a life-expectancy of at least fifteen years. The SIU Panel strongly supports the implementation of a pilot, organized PCa screening program inviting asymptomatic men in the age range of 50-55 years. Invited men who are already performing opportunistic screening will be randomized to continue opportunistic screening or to cross into the organized protocol. Men with PSA level ≤3 ng/mL and familiarity for PCa received a DRE as well as all those with PSA levels >3 ng/mL. All other men with PSA levels greater than 3 ng/mL proceed to secondary testing represented by mpMRI. Men with Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) lesions 3 and PSAD 0.15 ng/mL/cc or higher as well as those with PI-RADS 4-5 lesions proceed to targeted plus systematic prostate biopsy. The primary outcome of the proposed pilot PCa screening program will be the detection rate of clinically significant PCa defined as a tumor with a ISUP Grade Group ≥2. Main secondary outcomes will be the detection rate of aggressive PCa (ISUP Grade Group ≥4); the detection rate of insignificant PCa (ISUP Grade Group 1); the number of unnecessary prostate biopsy avoided, the metastasis-free survival, and the overall survival. Men will be invited over a one-year period. Preliminary analyses will be planned 2 and 5 years after the baseline enrollment. According to the recent EU Council recommendations on cancer screening, pilot studies evaluating the feasibility and effectiveness of PCa screening programs using PSA as the primary and mpMRI as the secondary screening test in selected cohorts of patients must be strongly promoted by scientific societies and supported by national governments.

Published
2024
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26. Age differentially impacts adaptive immune responses induced by adenoviral versus mRNA vaccines against COVID-19.

Author

Dallan B, Proietto D, De Laurentis M, Gallerani E, Martino M, Ghisellini S, Zurlo A, Volpato S, Govoni B, Borghesi M, Albanese V, Appay V, Bonnini S, Llewellyn-Lacey S, Pacifico S, Grumiro L, Brandolini M, Semprini S, Sambri V, Ladell K, Parry HM, Moss PAH, Price DA, Caputo A, Gavioli R, and Nicoli F

Subjects
Humans, Aged, Middle Aged, Adult, Male, Female, Antibodies, Viral blood, Antibodies, Viral immunology, Adenovirus Vaccines immunology, Adenovirus Vaccines administration & dosage, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology, Age Factors, ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, Aging immunology, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes immunology, Vaccines, Synthetic immunology, Vaccines, Synthetic administration & dosage, COVID-19 immunology, COVID-19 prevention & control, BNT162 Vaccine immunology, SARS-CoV-2 immunology, 2019-nCoV Vaccine mRNA-1273, Adaptive Immunity immunology, COVID-19 Vaccines immunology, COVID-19 Vaccines administration & dosage, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus immunology, mRNA Vaccines immunology
Abstract

Adenoviral and mRNA vaccines encoding the viral spike (S) protein have been deployed globally to contain severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Older individuals are particularly vulnerable to severe infection, probably reflecting age-related changes in the immune system, which can also compromise vaccine efficacy. It is nonetheless unclear to what extent different vaccine platforms are impacted by immunosenescence. Here, we evaluated S protein-specific immune responses elicited by vaccination with two doses of BNT162b2 or ChAdOx1-S and subsequently boosted with a single dose of BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273, comparing age-stratified participants with no evidence of previous infection with SARS-CoV-2. We found that aging profoundly compromised S protein-specific IgG titers and further limited S protein-specific CD4 + and CD8 + T cell immunity as a probable function of progressive erosion of the naive lymphocyte pool in individuals vaccinated initially with BNT162b2. Our results demonstrate that primary vaccination with ChAdOx1-S and subsequent boosting with BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273 promotes sustained immunological memory in older adults and potentially confers optimal protection against coronavirus disease 2019., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature America, Inc.)

Published
2024
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27. Thromboprophylaxis during neoadjuvant chemotherapy for bladder cancer reduces thromboembolism and bleeding.

Author

Antonelli L, Wendel-Garcia PD, Deforth M, Afferi L, Leonardo C, Esperto F, Borghesi M, Antonelli A, Tully K, Umari P, Albisinni S, Mari A, Pichler R, Claps F, Teoh JY, Roumiguié M, Schulz GB, Orecchia L, Soria F, Roupret M, Marcq G, Poyet C, Alrumayyan M, Rink M, Zamboni S, Montes MR, Okoye S, Campi R, Krajewski W, Mertens L, Culpan M, Lavallée LT, Moschini M, Held U, and Fankhauser CD

Abstract

Objectives: To assess the risk of venous thromboembolic events (VTEs) and bleeding with or without thromboprophylaxis during neoadjuvant chemotherapy in bladder cancer patients scheduled for radical cystectomy., Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study in 4886 patients with non-metastatic bladder cancer undergoing cystectomy across 28 centres in 13 countries between 1990 and 2021. Inverse probability weighting analyses were performed to estimate the effect of thromboprophylaxis on VTE and bleeding., Results: In 147 patients (3%) VTEs were recorded within the first year. These occurred a median (interquartile range [IQR]) of 127 (82-198) days after bladder cancer diagnosis. Bleeding events occurred in 131 patients (3%) within the first year. These occurred a median (IQR) of 101 (83-171) days after cancer diagnosis. In inverse probability weighting analyses, compared to patients without thromboprophylaxis during chemotherapy, patients with thromboprophylaxis had not only a lower risk of VTE (hazard ratio [HR] 0.32, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.12-0.81; P = 0.016) but also a lower bleeding risk (HR 0.03, 95% CI 0.09-0.12; P <0.0001). The retrospective nature of the study was its main limitation., Conclusions: In this retrospective analysis, the benefit of thromboprophylaxis during neoadjuvant chemotherapy before cystectomy is in line with data from randomised trials in other malignancies. Our data suggest thromboprophylaxis is protective against VTEs and should be the standard of care during neoadjuvant chemotherapy., (© 2024 The Author(s). BJU International published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of BJU International.)

Published
2024
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28. [Drug-eluting stents in contemporary interventional practice: the STENT PANORAMA project (Part I)].

Author

Masiero G, Barioli A, Borghesi M, Donazzan L, Fabris E, Fabris T, Fraccaro C, Gratta A, Giacoppo D, Lanzellotti D, Lunardi M, Mammone C, Marchese G, Mojoli M, Nai Fovino L, Pascotto A, Zilio F, and Pesarini G

Subjects
Humans, Italy, Percutaneous Coronary Intervention methods, Prosthesis Design, Coronary Artery Disease therapy, Coronary Artery Disease surgery, Drug-Eluting Stents
Abstract

STENT PANORAMA is a project carried out by the Young Interventional Cardiologists of Triveneto coordinated by the Italian Society of Interventional Cardiology (GISE) Veneto delegation. The project includes two parts: the first, here reported, is aimed at describing in a standardized and easily usable way the main technological characteristics of the latest generation of the drug eluting stents (DES) that are most widely used in the Italian cath-labs. The second, to follow, will aim to summarize the main scientific evidence regarding the performance of individual devices with particular reference to subgroups of clinical interest. The ambitious goal of the STENT PANORAMA working group is to provide the interventional cardiologist with a thorough, practical, and functional knowledge of the DES currently available in the modern therapeutic armamentarium to promote a therapeutic strategy tailored to the patient.

Published
2024
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29. The association of type and number of high-risk criteria with cancer-specific mortality in prostate cancer patients treated with radical prostatectomy.

Author

Chierigo F, Flammia RS, Sorce G, Hoeh B, Hohenhorst L, Panunzio A, Tian Z, Saad F, Graefen M, Gallucci M, Briganti A, Montorsi F, Chun FKH, Shariat SF, Antonelli A, Guano G, Mantica G, Borghesi M, Suardi N, Terrone C, and Karakiewicz PI

Abstract

Objectives: This study aimed to test the association between of type and number of D'Amico high-risk criteria (DHRCs) with cancer-specific mortality (CSM) in high-risk prostate cancer patients treated with radical prostatectomy., Materials and Methods: In the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (2004-2016), we identified 31,281 radical prostatectomy patients with at least 1 DHRC, namely, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) >20 ng/mL (hrPSA), biopsy Gleason Grade Group (hrGGG) score of 4 and 5, or clinical tumor stage ≥T3 (hrcT). Multivariable Cox regression models and competing risks regression models (adjusting for other cause mortality) tested the association between DHRCs and 5-year CSM., Results: Of 31,281 patients, 14,394 (67%) exclusively harbored hrGGG, 3189 (15%) harbored hrPSA, and 1781 (8.2%) harbored hrcT. Only 2132 patients (6.8%) harbored a combination of the 2 DHRCs, and 138 (0.6%) had all 3 DHRCs. Five-year CSM rates ranged from 0.9% to 3.0% when any individual DHRC was present (hrcT, hrPSA, and hrGGG, in that order), 1.6% to 5.9% when 2 DHRCs were present (hrPSA-hrcT, hrcT-hrGGG, and hrPSA-hrGGG, in that order), and 8.1% when all 3 DHRCs were present. Cox regression models and competing risks regression confirmed the independent predictor status of DHRCs for 5-year CSM that was observed in univariable analyses, with hazard ratios from 1.00 to 2.83 for 1 DHRC, 2.35 to 5.88 for combinations of 2 DHRCs, and 7.13 for all 3 DHRCs., Conclusions: Within individual DHRCs, hrcT and hrPSA exhibited weaker effects than hrGGG did. Moreover, a dose-response effect was identified according to the number of DHRCs. Accordingly, the type and number of DHRCs allow further risk stratification within the high-risk subgroup., Competing Interests: All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any organization or entity with any financial or non-financial interests in the subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

Published
2024
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30. Overall Survival of Metastatic Prostate Cancer Patients According to Location of Visceral Metastatic Sites.

Author

Tappero S, Piccinelli ML, Incesu RB, Cano Garcia C, Barletta F, Morra S, Scheipner L, Baudo A, Tian Z, Parodi S, Dell'Oglio P, de Cobelli O, Graefen M, Chun FKH, Briganti A, Longo N, Ahyai S, Carmignani L, Saad F, Shariat SF, Suardi N, Borghesi M, Terrone C, and Karakiewicz PI

Subjects
Male, Humans, Prognosis, Survival Analysis, Lymphatic Metastasis, Prostatic Neoplasms pathology, Lung Neoplasms secondary, Bone Neoplasms secondary
Abstract

Introduction: It is unknown whether specific locations of visceral metastatic sites affect overall survival (OS) of metastatic prostate cancer (mPCa) patients. We tested the association between specific locations of visceral metastatic sites and OS in mPCa patients., Materials and Methods: Within Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database (2010-2016), survival analyses relied on specific locations of visceral metastases: lung only vs. liver only vs. brain only vs. ≥2 visceral sites. Kaplan-Meier plots and Cox regression models were fitted., Results: Of 1827 patients, 1044 (57%) harbored lung only visceral metastases vs. 457 (25%) liver only vs. 131 (7%) brain only vs. 195 (11%) ≥2 visceral sites. Median OS was 22 months in all patients vs. 33 months in lung only vs. 15 months in liver only vs. 16 months in brain only vs. 15 months in patients with ≥2 visceral sites. Highest OS was recorded in lung only visceral metastases patients, especially when concomitant nonvisceral metastases were located in lymph nodes only (median OS 57 months) vs. bone only (26 months) vs. lymph nodes and bone (28 months). Liver only, brain only or ≥2 visceral sites exhibited poor OS, regardless of concomitant nonvisceral metastases type (median OS from 13 to 19 months)., Conclusion: In mPCa patients, lung only visceral metastases, especially when associated with lymph node only nonvisceral metastases, portend the best prognosis. Conversely, visceral metastatic sites other than lung portend poor prognosis, regardless of concomitant nonvisceral metastases type., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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31. Advanced Age Impacts Survival After Radical Nephroureterectomy for Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma.

Author

Ferro M, Chiujdea S, Vartolomei MD, Bove P, Porreca A, Busetto GM, Del Giudice F, Antonelli A, Foschi N, Racioppi M, Autorino R, Chiancone F, Longo N, Barone B, Crocetto F, Musi G, Luzzago S, Piccinelli ML, Mistretta FA, de Cobelli O, Tataru OS, Hurle R, Liguori G, Borghesi M, Veccia A, Greco F, Schips L, Marchioni M, Lucarelli G, Dutto D, Colucci F, Russo GI, Giudice AL, Montanari E, Boeri L, Simone G, Rosazza M, Livoti S, Gontero P, and Soria F

Subjects
Humans, Aged, Nephroureterectomy, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, Retrospective Studies, Prognosis, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local surgery, Urinary Bladder Neoplasms surgery, Carcinoma, Transitional Cell surgery, Ureter surgery, Ureteral Neoplasms surgery
Abstract

Introduction: Upper tract urothelial carcinoma is rare but has a poor prognosis. Prognostic factors have been extensively studied in order to provide the best possible management for patients. We have aimed to investigate commonly available factors predictive of recurrence and survival in this patient population at high risk of death and recurrence, with an emphasis on the effects of age (using a cutoff of 70 years) on survival outcomes., Patients and Methods: From 1387 patients with clinically nonmetastatic upper tract urothelial carcinoma treated with radical nephroureterectomy at 21 academic hospital centers between 2005 and 2021, 776 patients were eligible and included in the study. Univariable and multivariable Cox regression models were built to evaluate the independent prognosticators for intravesical and extravesical recurrence, overall survival, and cancer-specific survival according to age groups. A P value of <.05 was considered statistically significant., Results: We did not find an association between groups aged <70 and >70 years old and preoperatively clinical or histopathological characteristics. Kaplan-Meier analysis was found no statistical significance between the 2 age groups in terms of intravesical or extravesical recurrence (P = .09 and P = .57). Overall survival (P = .0001) and cancer-specific survival (P = .0001) have been found to be statistically significantly associated with age as independent predictors (confounding factors: gender, tumor size, tumor side, clinical T stage, localization, preoperative hydronephrosis, tumor localization, type of surgery, multifocality of the tumor, pathological grade, lymphovascular invasion, concomitant CIS, lymph node status, necrosis, or history of previous bladder cancer)., Conclusion: This research confirms that patients aged 70 and above who undergo radical nephroureterectomy may have worse outcomes compared to younger patients, older patients needing an improved care and management of UTUC to improve their outcomes in the setting of an increase in this aged population group., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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32. Survival of patients with clear cell renal carcinoma according to number and location of organ-specific metastatic sites.

Author

Tappero S, Barletta F, Piccinelli ML, Cano Garcia C, Incesu RB, Morra S, Scheipner L, Baudo A, Tian Z, Parodi S, Dell'Oglio P, Briganti A, de Cobelli O, Chun FKH, Graefen M, Longo N, Ahyai S, Carmignani L, Saad F, Shariat SF, Suardi N, Borghesi M, Terrone C, and Karakiewicz PI

Subjects
Humans, Proportional Hazards Models, Nephrectomy methods, Retrospective Studies, Carcinoma, Renal Cell pathology, Kidney Neoplasms pathology, Bone Neoplasms secondary, Liver Neoplasms
Abstract

Background: The prognostic significance of number and location of organ-specific metastatic sites in treated metastatic clear cell renal carcinoma (ccmRCC) patients is object of debate. The current study aimed to test the association between number and location of organ-specific metastatic sites and overall survival (OS) in ccmRCC., Materials and Methods: Within Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database (2010-2018), all ccmRCC patients treated with cytoreductive nephrectomy and/or systemic therapy were identified. Kaplan-Meier plots and Cox regression models focused on: A). number of organ-specific metastatic sites: solitary vs. 2 vs. 3 or more; B). solitary organ-specific metastatic sites (lung vs. bone vs. liver vs. brain); C). combinations of 2 and 3 or more different organ-specific metastatic sites., Results: Of 4,527 patients (median OS: 19 months), 3,054 (67%) harbored solitary organ-specific metastatic sites (27 months) vs. 1,153 (25%) combinations of 2 different organ-specific metastatic sites (12 months) vs. 320 (8%) combinations of 3 or more different organ-specific metastatic sites (7 months). In patients with solitary organ-specific metastatic sites, bone metastases portended the longest median OS (median OS: 31 months) vs. liver metastases portended the shortest median OS (16 months). Both were independent predictors of OS (multivariable hazard ratio, bone: 0.87; liver: 1.21). Median OS was similarly poor in patients with combinations of 2 different organ-specific metastatic sites (9-13 months), regardless of their location. The same pattern applied to patients with combinations of 3 or more different organ-specific metastatic sites (6-7 months)., Conclusions: Solitary organ-specific metastatic sites portend the most favorable OS (16-31 months). Solitary bone metastases yield the longest vs. liver metastases the shortest OS. Invariably poor OS applies to combinations of 2 (9-13 months), as well as 3 or more different organ-specific metastatic sites (6-7 months), regardless of their location., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that there is no conflict of interests., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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