Search

Centaurea thracica (Janka) Hayek is a plant common in southern Bulgaria. The inflorescences were collected during June and September 2021, while their seeds were obtained in September 2021. The chemical and lipid composition of the inflorescences during the vegetation process of the plant were established. A significant decrease in total proteins (from 8.7 to 7.4%), glyceride oils (2.0–1.7%), and ash (4.5–4.2%) content was observed, while the amount of carbohydrates (72.3–77.2%) and fibers (28.7–35.8%) increased. During the vegetation of the plant, the content of oleic and linoleic acids increased up to 2–3 times, while the level of palmitic acid decreased. The lipids from the seeds were rich in oleic (53.0%) and palmitic (36.2%) acids. The tocopherol content in the oils of the inflorescences during vegetation increased from 58 to 110 mg/kg, and the content in the oil from the seeds was 260 mg/kg. The phospholipid content decreased during vegetation, and differences were observed in the composition between the inflorescences and the seeds. The high content of oleic acid, linoleic acid, tocopherols, and phospholipids determine the nutritional and biological value of the oils isolated from Centaurea thracica, and contribute to their potential use in various directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smoking is one of the factors that can affect serum glucose in patients with type 1 diabetes (T1DM). Control of T1DM is associated with achieving glycated hemoglobin [HbA1c] levels of approximately 7%, which leads to reduced long-term cardiovascular risk. Thyroid hormones can also affect blood sugar levels. Therefore, appropriate control of diabetes can reduce the risk of developing thyroid disorders and vice versa. The aim of the study is to determine whether smoking affects glycemic control and thyroid function in established type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Materials and methods: A heterogeneous group of 73 patients aged 39±13 years were examined: men 49 (65.3%), women 24 (32%) with T1DM upon admission to the endocrinology department "St. Georgi" (Plovdiv); smokers 25; non-smokers 48. The following were investigated: blood glucose profile (BGP): serum glucose (mmol/L) at 6, 12, 17, 21, 24 hours; HBA1c (%); FT4 pmol/L; TSH mIU/L; TC: total cholesterol mmol/L; HDL-C mmol/L; LDL-C mmol/L; TAG mmol/L; BMI kg/m2 on admission to the ward. Results: In smokers compared to non-smokers, we found statistically significant, p<0.05: increased fasting serum glucose at 6 hours (15.59±6 mmol/L vs 9.67±3.3 mmol/L); decreased BMI (23.21±4.62 kg/m2 vs 26.16±4.79 kg/m2); HDL-C (1.05±0.35 mmol/L vs 1.57±0.43 mmol/L); as well as increased TSH (1.84±0.99 mIU/L vs 0.85±0.94 mIU/L). HBA1c at admission to the clinic showed no significant difference in smokers compared to non-smokers (9.15±1.66% vs. 10.07±1.98%, p=0.574). Conclusion: Smoking worsens glycemic control and thyroid function in patients with T1DM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]