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This research have examined the facile bio-fabrication of the rutile phase of TiO2-NPs nanoparticles using phytoconstituents of Phyllanthus emblica seeds as a reducer and stabilizers under microwave irradiations. XRD confirmed the incidence of phase with the formation of nanostructured crystals with average crystallite size ∼ 19 nm. FTIR spectra exhibited the attendance of the O–Ti–O band with a remnant of phytoconstituents. SEM and HRTEM have shown an almost spherical morphology with smooth particle surfaces in the 30–50 nm size range. The results of the antimicrobial tests were determined with the zone of inhibitions observed in the incubated culture plates. The effective zone of inhibitions were noted to be 23.33 ± 0.5, 24.67 ± 0.5, and 22.67 ± 0.5 mm against Bacillus sp., Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas sp., respectively. This research has demonstrated an inexpensive, rapid, and facile technique for the formation of rutile TiO2-NPs with suitable structural and morphology features for antimicrobial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The evolution of caries management has shifted towards minimally invasive approaches, with resin infiltration emerging as a promising treatment for non cavitated carious lesions. Aim: To evaluate the effectiveness of resin infiltration by varying etching times and assessing the material's penetration depth in enamel. Materials and Methods: An in-vitro study was conducted in the Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India during September 2018 to May 2019, on 40 extracted teeth were divided into four groups. The control group was etched for 2 minutes as this is the optimum etching time as suggested by the manufacturer, while the other groups were etched for 1, 3, and 4 minutes, respectively. Artificial lesions were induced using a caries demineralisation solution. The resin infiltration process was initiated by etching the teeth using Hydrchloric Acid (HCl) gel (ICON Etch), followed by drying of the lesions with ICON Dry (ethanol) and then ICON Infiltrant was applied on the surface with resin infiltration. Samples were sectioned and dipped in Sodium Fluorescein dye and analysed by using a fluorescent microscope. The results were tabulated and subjected to suitable statistical analysis. Results: Etching the teeth for 4 minutes prior to resin infiltration resulted in the deepest penetration of the material thus being more efficacious in arresting the progression of caries in comparison to 3 min, 2 min and 1 min etching times. It also showed 4 min etching time to have greater penetration of the material into the lesion. Conclusion: This finding highlights the importance of optimising the etching time for improved resin infiltration outcomes in the management of non cavitated carious lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Orthodontic treatment plays an important role in improving facial aesthetics. One of the important components of orthodontic diagnosis are the evaluation of soft tissue profile. There have been many attempts to quantify the soft tissue profile based on the lateral cephalogram. Populations differ in character, size, growth and shape. These differences are due to complicated interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Indian children differ from western population in physical growth, maturation, dentition etc, due to factors like morphogenetic pattern and nutritional status. Therefore, the cephalometric standards for one ethnic and racial group or sub-group do not necessarily apply to other ethnic or racial groups. Aim: To determine and compare Cephalometric norms for Mewari and Marwari children of Rajasthan between the age group of 11-13 years using Holdaway and Arnett analysis and to compare values obtained for Mewari and Marwari children using Holdaway and Arnett analysis with the values/norms given by Holdaway and Arnett for Caucasian population. Materials and Methods: A cephalometric study was conducted in the Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal. Lateral Cephalogram radiographs of 200 consenting children, 100 belonging to Mewari community and 100 belonging to Marwari community of Rajasthan with equal male and female ratio, between the age group of 11-13 years who met the inclusion criteria were included in the study. The radiographs were collected over a perioid of 6 months, in collaboration with Department of Pedodontics, Darshan Dental College and Hospital, Udaipur and Government Dental College, Jaipur. The radiographs were analysed using Arnett"s and Holdaway's Soft tissue analysis method. The obtained data was then statistically analysed. Results: The present study showed a significant difference when Mewari and Marwari children were compared with values given by Arnett and Holdaway. The soft tissue profile of Marwari and Mewari children was found to be convex. Conclusion: The study establishes that soft tissue features and craniofacial structures which may influence the size, shape, form, morphology of face and dental arches are predetermined genetically. The view that a single standard of facial aesthetics should not be applied to all racial and ethnic groups, as the soft tissue pattern is peculiar to its ethnic or racial group is validated from the present study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Difficulty in conceiving is a widespread problem. World Health Organisation (WHO) classifies infertility as a disease which deserves treatment as like any other medical condition. Invitro Fertilisation-Embryo Transfer (IVF-ET) is the fertilisation of an ovum outside the body and the transfer of the fertilised ovum to the uterus of a woman, is one of the popular treatment modalities of infertility. Aim: To evaluate the relationship between oral health behaviour of IVF children and spontaneously conceived children. Materials and Methods: A random sample of 107 IVF childrenwere and 169 spontaneously conceived children were included in this cross sectional observational study conducted at The Institute of Reproductive Medicine (IRM) Kolkata, West Bengal, India; Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Sciences & Research (GNIDSR), Kolkata, West Bengal, India and various educational institutions which are situated in West Bengal during June 2018 to 2020. Oral health behaviour of both groups was analysed with suitable statistical analysis i.e. Chi-square test. Statistical software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA) was used for the analysis. The statistical significance level for all applied tests was set to be 0.05. Results: Statistically significant oral health behaviour pattern was observed between oral health behaviour of the IVF and spontaneously conceived children. The result was found to be significant at p<0.05. Conclusion: This study may invite further scope for more cross sectional and longitudinal study for the researcher. Hopefully this kind of study will bring positive assurance to numerous parents of IVF children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Sufficient sleep plays a crucial role in the well-being and behaviours of children. Observable indications of insufficient sleep among youngsters include increased daytime drowsiness, under-eye circles, lack of focus, and frequent lateness or absence from school. Furthermore, potential consequences encompass overeating, weight gain, and increased vulnerability to accidental injuries. Research suggests that reduced sleep duration corresponds with elevated Body Mass Index (BMI) levels and an elevated risk of Traumatic Dental Injuries (TDIs) in obese children. Aim: To determine any association between childhood sleeping disorders with Traumatic Dental Injuries and Body Mass Index (BMI) among school children. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study a total of 600 children without health concerns were chosen from the Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India and local schools using a simple random sampling method was conducted for a period of one year. The children's BMI was calculated using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) BMI calculator for child and adolescent, and a visual inspection for signs of TDI was conducted following the International Association of Dental Traumatology (IADT) (2020) guidelines. Parents were provided with Sleep Behaviour Questionnaires (SBQ) and guidance for completion. Subsequently, the collected data was compiled and analysed statistically. Results: The study identified a TDI prevalence of 25.5% among 600 participants. Significant correlation (p = 0.033) was observed between TDI and SBQ scores. Mean SBQ scores reflected a BMI-related trend (Obesity> overweight > healthy), indicating that overweight or obese children experience more sleep issues. The link between TDI and BMI was notably strong (p<0.001), with individuals having high BMI being 2.436 times more likely to exhibit TDI. Conclusion: The present study provides a positive correlation among childhood sleeping disorders, TDIs and BMI among school children. Data on sleep behaviours, acquired when collecting the patient's history prior to a dental appointment, may be useful for a better orientation to parents/caregivers regarding the prevention of traumatic dental injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Dental caries, a common oral health issue globally, and childhood obesity shared common risk factors. However, their relationship and the impact of obesity, sugar intake, socioeconomic status and dental caries remained understudied in North 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India. By investigating these factors, the study aimed to enhance understanding of dental caries development and contribute valuable insights for oral health promotion and preventive measures among children. Aim: To assess the point prevalence of dental caries in relation to obesity, daily sugar intake, socio-economic status among children of the North 24 Parganas District of West Bengal. Materials and Methods: A comprehensive study was conducted in the Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, Guru Nanak Institute of Dental Sciences and Research, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, for a period of six months that is from January 2023 to June 2023 on a group of 231 children, aged 3 to 13 years. The examination focused on assessing dental caries using Decay-missing-filled Teeth (DMFT) and Decay-missing-filled Surfaces (DMFS) index, a detailed record of each child's dietary intake over single day was documented, along with the collection of physical measurements. Results: The point prevalence of dental caries was higher in children with low weight when compared to those with normal weight and overweight-obese children, and the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion: With the exception of height for age and obesity for age, all physical measurements of person's form and functional capacities showed a positive correlation with dental caries. The measurements of height for age and Body Mass Index (BMI) for age showed an inverse graded association with dental caries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Caries in primary teeth rapidly advances owing to its thin structure, thereby requiring restoration. However, restorations often fail due to various causes such as secondary caries and reduced microtensile bond strength (μTBS), which calls for the use of antimicrobial agents such as silver diamine fluoride (SDF)., Aim: This study aims to measure and analyse the effect of SDF application on the μTBS of three regularly used restorative materials to dentin of primary teeth as well as compare the types of bond failure interfaces under SEM., Materials and Methods: The study comprised 60 samples equally divided into six groups among three restorative materials, namely, glass ionomer cement (GIC, Groups I and II), resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC, Groups III and IV), and composite resin (Groups V and VI) with subdivisions of A and B, where A represented samples with SDF application and B represented samples without SDF application., Results and Observations: It was observed that μTBS of RMGIC to sound and carious dentin irrespective of SDF application was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05), and when GIC, RMGIC, and composite resins were compared to both sound and carious dentin irrespective of SDF application, it was statistically significant (P < 0.05). SEM analysis revealed predominantly cohesive failures among all the groups., Conclusion: Based on the results, it was concluded that SDF has no adverse effect on the μTBS of GIC, RMGIC, and composite resin to both carious and sound dentin of primary teeth., (Copyright © 2024 Copyright: © 2024 Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry.)