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Pure NiO, BaFe12O19, and Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by the co-precipitation method. Four ternary (1 − x–y)NiO/xNi0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4/yBaFe12O19 (x and y between 0 and 1) nanocomposites (NCs) were prepared by the wet ball milling technique, then calcined at 950 °C for 4 h. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) validated the production of pure NiO and Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 without impurities, while BaFe12O19 was produced with the α-Fe2O3 additional phase. When compared to the initial weight percentages, the Rietveld refinement technique revealed different weight percentages for the three phases. The transmission electron microscope (TEM) and the selected area electron diffraction (SAED) investigated the morphology and the microstructure of the samples, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) showed that nanocomposites were successfully formed from the examination of the elements constituting the nanocomposites (Ba2+, Ni2+, Ni3+, Zn2+, Fe3+and O2−). The vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements identified the effect of the weight percentage of each phase in the nanocomposite on the magnetic parameters. The switching field distribution (SFD) curves indicated significant exchange coupling interactions in the samples that include a small weight percentage of BaFe12O19. Exchange and dipolar interactions were both recognized in Henkel plots of all samples, although exchange coupling predominated. Four laws of approach to saturation (LAS) were applied to the samples and showed magnetization dependency on H−1 and H−1/2 rather than the summation of H−1, H−2, and H for almost all samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanocomposites of (Mg0.9Ni0.1O)x/(CoFe2O4)1-x, with 0 ≤ x ≤ 1 in weight fractions, were synthesized through the co-precipitation method followed by high-speed ball milling. The investigation of the structural, optical, and magnetic properties was conducted for the synthesized samples. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the formation of CoFe2O4 and Mg0.9Ni0.1O distinct phases in the nanocomposites without any detectable impurities or minor phases. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) revealed the presence of spherical particles in both the individual phases and their nanocomposites. Raman spectroscopy exhibited strong, well-defined modes for CoFe2O4, indicating its spinel phase formation, while Mg0.9Ni0.1O displayed two broad peaks (G and D bands). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was utilized to analyze the elemental compositions and oxidation states (Co2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Mg2+, Ni2+, and O2−). The magnetic measurements revealed the soft ferromagnetic behavior of pure cobalt ferrite and a combination of weak ferromagnetism and paramagnetic behavior at high magnetic fields for pure Mg0.9Ni0.1O. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the impact of adding hard ferrite Ba0.5Sr0.5Fe12O19 (BSF) nanoparticles to the Bi1.8Pb0.4Sr2Ca2Cu3.2O10+δ (Bi, Pb)-2223) superconductor phase. The investigation specifically focused on evaluating the critical current density, fluctuation-induced conductivity, and magnetoresistance of nano-(BSF)x/(Bi, Pb)-2223 composite, where 0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.20 wt.%. The results revealed that the critical current density, Jc, increased with the addition of nano-(BSF) up to x = 0.04 wt.%, reaching a value of 441.20 A/cm2. The Aslamazov and Larkin (A–L) approach has been evaluated the fluctuation-induced conductivity. Several superconducting parameters, including coherence length ζc(0), effective layer thickness d, penetration depth λpd(0), and Fermi energy E F showed improvement as the concentration of nano-(BSF) increased up to x = 0.04 wt.%. In addition to Ginzburg–Landau critical parameters, such as the thermodynamic critical field Bc(0), lower critical magnetic field Bc1(0), upper critical magnetic field Bc2(0), and critical current density Jc(0) demonstrated an increase up to x = 0.04 wt.%, followed by a decrease for higher concentrations. The magnetoresistance measurements were performed at various applied DC magnetic fields, with values ranging from 0.29 to 4.44 kG, and were analyzed using the thermally activated flux creep (TAFC) and Ambegaokar–Halperin (AH) models. The calculated flux pinning energy (U) increased with the addition of nano-(BSF) up to x = 0.04 wt.% and then decreased for x > 0.04 wt.%. Furthermore, the transition width (ΔT), was observed to increase as the applied magnetic field values increased. Moreover, the addition of nano-(BSF) increased the field-independent critical current density, Jc,0(0), up to x = 0.04 wt.%, after which it decreased for higher concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ramy Awad,1 Alaa Atef Ghaith,2 Khaled Awad,1 Marina Mamdouh Saad,1 Ahmed Ak Elmassry2 1Department of Ophthalmology, Alexandria General Ophthalmology Hospital, Alexandria, Egypt; 2Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, EgyptCorrespondence: Ahmed Ak Elmassry, Ophthalmology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Champollion Street, Al Attarin, Alexandria, Egypt, Tel +2 0122 215 2435, Email ahmad.elmassry@gmail.comAbstract: Fungal keratitis is one of the major causes of microbial keratitis that may lead to corneal blindness. Many problems related to diagnosis and therapy are encountered in fungal keratitis, including difficulty in obtaining laboratory diagnoses and the availability and efficacy of antifungal medications. Intensive and prolonged use of antifungal topical preparations may not be enough. The use of antifungal medications is considered the main treatment for fungal keratitis. It is recommended to start antifungal therapy after confirmation of the clinical diagnosis with a smear or positive cultures. Topical application of antifungal medications is a mainstay for the treatment of fungal keratitis; however, systemic, intra-stromal, or intra-cameral routes may be used. Therapeutic keratoplasty is the main surgical procedure approved for the management of fungal keratitis with good success rate. Intrastromal corneal injection of antifungal medications may result in steady-state drug levels within the corneal tissue and prevent intervals of decreased antifungal drug concentration below its therapeutic level. In cases of severe fungal keratitis with deep stromal infiltration not responding to treatment, intracameral injection of antifungal agents may be effective. Collagen cross-linking has been proposed to be beneficial for cases of fungal keratitis as a stand-alone therapy or as an adjunct to antifungal medications. Although collagen cross-linking has been extensively studied in the past few years, its protocol still needs many modifications to optimize UV fluence levels, irradiation time, and concentration of riboflavin to achieve 100% microbial killing.Keywords: fungal keratitis, keratomycosis, PACK-CXL, antifungal, voriconazole, intracorneal injection, targeted therapy

In this study, we investigated a novel polymer nano-composite, PS-PbO, containing two distinct nano-sizes of lead oxide nanoparticles (PbO-A and PbO-B), in addition to the bulk size (PbO-K). These nanoparticles were embedded separately in a polystyrene (PS) matrix at different weight percentages (10%, 15%, 25%, and 35%) using roll mill mixing and compressing molding. Our evaluation focused on the radiation attenuation ability of PS-PbO and the effect of particle size, considering gamma-ray energies ranging from 0.06 to 1.3 MeV (from sources like 241 Am, 133 Ba, 137 Cs, and 60 Co). The linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) was determined by analyzing samples of the synthesized composite with different thicknesses. Then, various shielding parameters were calculated, including total molecular, atomic, and electronic cross-sections (σ mol , σ atm , σ el ), as well as the effective atomic number and the electron density (Z eff and N eff ). Surprisingly, modifying PbO particle sizes had a significant impact on shielding efficiency. For instance, the composite with 25 wt% of the smallest PbO-B particles showed a 26.7% increase in LAC at 0.059 keV compared to the composite with 25 wt% of PbO-K (larger particles). Notably, the LAC peaked at low energy (0.059 keV), close to the K-edge of Pb, where interaction is directly proportional to Z 4 . With increasing PbO concentrations, the LAC of PS-PbO composites increased steadily. Additionally, as PbO concentration increased, the composite's effective atomic number Z eff and the electron density N eff increased, leading to a greater total Gamma-ray interaction cross-section. Furthermore, when comparing the Half-Value Layers of the novel nanocomposite to traditional lead shielding, a 70% reduction in mass was observed. Notably, the composite containing the smallest nano-size of PbO exhibited the highest radiation-shielding efficiency among all combinations and could therefore be used to create inexpensive and lightweight shields., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: This study aimed at measuring the effect of contact lens hygiene risk factors on the prevalence of contact lens-related keratitis and identifying the specific risk factors to both microbial and non-microbial keratitis independently., Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Alexandria Ophthalmology Hospital from May to October 2023. All contact lens wearers attending the outpatient clinic had undergone face-to-face interviews using a standardized validated questionnaire which included demographic data and contact lenses (CLs) hygiene risk factors. Participants were classified into two groups; normal group and keratitis group. Keratitis group was further subdivided into non-microbial and microbial group., Results: The study included 245 contact lens wearers; 149 normal cases, 50 (20.4%) contact lens-related non-microbial keratitis (CLNK) cases, and 46 (18.8%) contact lens-related microbial keratitis (CLMK) cases. Sharing contact lenses and eye trauma were significant risk factors for both CLNK (p=0.036), (p=0.001) and CLMK (p=0.003), (p=0.017). CLs wear duration for more than 12 hours was associated with an increased risk of CLNK by about 4 times (p=0.030) and overnight wear of contact lenses increased the risk of CLNK by 2.6 times (p=0.030). Showering or swimming in lenses was identified as a significant risk factor for CLMK (p=0.012), moreover washing lenses with tap water increased the risk of CLMK (p=0.030)., Conclusions: Poor compliance with contact lenses hygiene rules results in a high prevalence of contact lens-related keratitis. Eye trauma and sharing contact lenses were significant hygiene risk factors for both contact lens-related non-microbial keratitis and contact lens-related microbial keratitis., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Beam-like members use corrugated webs to increase their shear strength, stability, and efficiency. The corrugation positively affects the members' structural characteristics, especially those governed by the web parameters, such as the shear strength, while reducing the total weight. Existing code and analytical models for predicting the shear strength of trapezoidal corrugated steel webs (TCSWs) are summarized. This paper presents an optimized Artificial Neural Network (ANN)-based model to estimate the shear strength of steel girders with a TCSW subjected to a concentrated force. A database of 206 experimental results from the literature is used to feed the ANNs. Six geometrical and material parameters were identified as input variables, and the experimental shear strength at failure was considered the output variable. Four hyperparameter optimization techniques are applied to refine the ANN models: Bayesian Optimization (BO), Limited-memory Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (L-BFGS), Firefly Algorithm (FA), and African Buffalo Optimization (ABO). The performance metrics indicate that the ABO-ANN model is the most effective among these. The predictions of the developed ML model were also compared with those of existing code and analytical models. The comparisons illustrated that the ANN-based model outperforms the other existing models. The sensitivity analysis using the proposed ANN-based model captured the relationships and interactions among the geometric and material parameters and their impact on shear strength. One main finding is that the corrugation angle in the 35-45° range maximized the TCSW shear strength., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Competing Interests: None declared.

Objectives: To evaluate and compare the effectiveness of Endoflas and Zinc Oxide Eugenol (ZOE) as root canal filling materials (RCFMs) for the pulpectomy of deciduous teeth by analyzing multiple clinical and radiographic success and failure follow-ups in previously published studies., Data: All clinical studies that investigated the pulpectomy of the deciduous teeth of children aged 3-9 years., Sources: The databases used for source identification included MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library. No limitations were imposed on the publication year or language. The selection of studies and extraction of relevant study characteristics were conducted from December 26, 2021, to September 7, 2023. Additionally, the risk of bias (RoB) in the included studies was evaluated by using a RoB instrument (RoB 2). Eligible studies were then combined, and a random-effects model was applied by using the maximum likelihood estimations of log risk ratios and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals., Study Selection: Of the 3913 records found in the abovementioned databases, nine were eligible for systematic review and eight were eligible for meta -analysis. The studies included 628 pulpectomies of deciduous molar teeth in children. The overall results showed that compared with Endoflas, ZOE was associated with a higher risk ratio for clinical evaluation (LOG[RR] = 0.06, CI 0.03-0.09, p -value 0.001) and radiographic evaluation (LOG[RR] = 0.68, CI 0.35-1.00, p -value 0.001). This association was highly significant at 6- and 9-month follow-ups., Conclusion: Compared with ZOE, Endoflas was associated with a lower risk of the clinical and radiographic failure of deciduous teeth pulpectomy and a 6%-6.8% higher risk ratio, especially at 6- and 9-month follow-ups., Clinical Significance: This study suggests the superiority of Endoflas over ZOE as an RCFM for deciduous teeth., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 THE AUTHORS.)

Background: Management of benign vocal fold lesions (BVFLs) is variable with individuals receiving surgery, voice therapy, or a combination of these approaches. Some evidence suggests that the best outcomes may be achieved when patients are offered pre- and post-operative voice therapy in addition to phonosurgery, but what constitutes pre- and post-operative voice therapy is poorly described. The pre- and post-operative voice therapy (PAPOV) intervention has been developed and described according to the TIDieR checklist and Rehabilitation Treatment Specification System (RTSS) for voice. The PAPOV intervention is delivered by specialist speech and language therapists trained in the intervention and comprises 7 essential and 4 additional components, delivered in voice therapy sessions with patients who are having surgery on their vocal folds for removal of BVFLs., Study Design: Non-randomised, multicentre feasibility trial with embedded process evaluation., Method: Forty patients from two sites who are due to undergo phonosurgery will be recruited to receive the PAPOV intervention. Measures of feasibility, including recruitment, retention, and adherence, will be assessed. The feasibility of gathering clinical and cost effectiveness data will be measured pre-treatment, then at 3 and 6 months post-operatively. An embedded process evaluation will be undertaken to explain feasibility findings., Discussion: This study will assess the feasibility of delivering a described voice therapy intervention protocol to patients who are undergoing surgery for removal of BVFLs. Findings will be used to inform the development and implementation of a subsequent effectiveness trial, should this be feasible., Trial Registration: This trial has been prospectively registered on ISRCTN (date 4th January 2023), registration number 17438192, and can be viewed here: https://www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN17438192 ., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Since the clock of antimicrobial resistance was set, modern medicine has shed light on a new cornerstone in technology to overcome the worldwide dread of the post-antimicrobial era. Research organizations are exploring the use of nanotechnology to modify metallic crystals from macro to nanoscale size, demonstrating significant interest in the field of antimicrobials. Herein, the antimicrobial activities of aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ), cobalt aluminum oxide (CoAl 2 O 4 ), and aluminum doped zinc oxide (Zn 0.9 Al 0.1 O) nanoparticles were examined against some nosocomial pathogens. The study confirmed the formation and characterization of Al 2 O 3 , CoAl 2 O 4 , and Zn 0.9 Al 0.1 O nanoparticles using various techniques, revealing the generation of pure nanoscale nanoparticles. With inhibition zones ranging from 9 to 14 mm and minimum inhibitory concentrations varying from 4 mg/mL to 16 mg/mL, the produced nanoparticles showed strong antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli , Klebsiella pneumoniae , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , and Staphylococcus aureus . Meanwhile, the bactericidal concentrations ranged from 8 mg/mL to 40 mg/mL. In culture, Zn 0.9 Al 0.1 O NPs demonstrated a unique ability to inhibit the development of nosocomial infections with high bactericidal activity (8 mg/mL). Transmission electron microscope images revealed changes in cell shape, bacterial cell wall morphology, cytoplasmic membrane, and protoplasm due to the introduction of tested nanoparticles. These results pave the way for the use of these easily bacterial wall-piercing nanoparticles in combination with potent antibiotics to overcome the majority of bacterial strains' resistance., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.)

Magnetic nanoparticles have emerged as a promising tool for wastewater treatment due to their unique properties. In this regard, Co 0.33 Mg 0.33 Ni 0.33 Sm x Fe 2-x O 4 (0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.08) nanoparticles were prepared to examine their magnetic separation efficiency (MSE), photocatalytic, antibacterial, and antibiofilm performances. Pure nanoparticles, having the highest saturation magnetization (M s  = 31.87 emu/g), exhibit the highest MSE, where 95.6% of nanoparticles were separated after 20 min of applying a magnetic field of 150 mT. The catalytic performance of the prepared samples is examined by the photodegradation of rhodamine B (RhB) dye exposed to direct sunlight radiation. Improved photocatalytic activity is exhibited by Co 0.33 Mg 0.33 Ni 0.33 Sm 0.04 Fe 1.96 O 4 nanoparticles, labeled as Sm0.04, where the rate of the degradation reaction is enhanced by 4.1 times compared to pure nanoparticles. Rising the pH and reaction temperature improves the rate of the photodegradation reaction of RhB. The incorporation of 15 wt% reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with Sm0.04 enhanced the rate of the reaction by 1.7 and 2.4 times compared with pure Sm0.04 sample and rGO, respectively. The antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against Escherichia coli, Leclercia adecarboxylata, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus faecium are assessed by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) broth microdilution, the agar well diffusion, the time-kill assays, the biofilm formation, and destruction assays. The bacteria used in these assessments are isolated from wastewater. The nanoparticles exhibit a bacteriostatic activity, with a better effect against the Gram-positive isolates. Co 0.33 Mg 0.33 Ni 0.33 Sm x Fe 2 O 4 (x = 0.00) nanoparticles have the best effect. The effect is exerted after 2-3 h of incubation. Gram-positive biofilms are more sensitive to nanoparticles., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) encompass pain and dysfunction in the jaw, muscles, and adjacent structures. This study aimed to explore the quantitative (condylar position, morphology) and qualitative (bone mineral density (BMD)) therapeutic outcomes following a stabilization splint (S.S.) therapy in adult patients diagnosed with TMD (Arthralgia) with/without lateral mandibular asymmetry (MA) using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT)., Methods: In this retrospective clinical study, 60 adult TMD patients who received S.S. therapy were enrolled and allocated into the TMD group (TMDG) and TMD with MA group (TMD + MAG). The diagnosis was made according to the Diagnostic Criteria for TMD (DC/TMD) AXIS I. MA was measured from the mid-sagittal plane to the Menton point. CBCT was used to scan the temporomandibular joints pre- (T0) and post- (T1)-treatment for three-dimensional analysis. Intra- and intergroup statistical comparisons were performed using the Wilcoxon signed ranks and the Kruskal‒Wallis test., Results: For quantitative comparisons, there was a statistically significant difference between T0 and T1 in the joint spaces of TMD + MAG (anterior, superior, posterior, and coronal lateral on the deviated side as well as in the superior, coronal medial joint space of the contralateral side). Morphologically, the deviated side had a narrower condylar width, reduced condylar height, and a steeper eminence angle. In contrast, the contralateral side tended to have a greater condylar length. For qualitative measurements, BMD also showed statistical significance between T0 and T1 in the majority of the condyle slopes (AS, SS, PS, and LS on the deviated side and in AS and MS on the contralateral side) of TMD + MAG. Additionally, only the AS and PS showed significance in TMDG., Conclusion: Multiple joint space widening (AJS and CMS) and narrowing (SJS, PJS, and CLS) could characterize the deviated side in TMD + MA. Factors like narrower condylar width, reduced condylar height, and steeper eminence angle on the deviated side can worsen TMD + MA. Proper alignment of the condyle-disc position is essential for optimal function and load distribution, potentially affecting bone mineral density (BMD). MA plays a prominent role in disturbing bone densities. S.S. therapy shows more evident outcomes in TMD + MAG (on the deviated side compared to the contralateral side) than the TMDG., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a multifactorial disorder whose primary manifestation usually initiates with elevated blood sugar levels. Several antidiabetic agents are used to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus, of which empagliflozin is an oral sodium-glucose co-transporter (SGLT-2) inhibitor in the kidney. This research aims to develop and validate a simple analytical method for determining empagliflozin levels in biological fluid and to further evaluate grapefruit juice's impact on empagliflozin pharmacokinetics in rats. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used to establish a simple, rapid, and accurate method for determining empagliflozin levels in rat plasma, in the presence of grapefruit juice. Four groups of rats ( n = 10 rats in each) were used in the preclinical study. Group A (healthy rats) received empagliflozin alone; Group B (healthy rats) received empagliflozin with grapefruit; Group C (diabetic rats) received empagliflozin with grapefruit; and Group D (healthy, negative control) received no medication. The rats ( n = 10) were given grapefruit juice instead of water for seven days before receiving the empagliflozin dose (0.16 mg/kg). Some pharmacokinetic parameters for each group were determined. The maximum plasma concentration (C max ) and area under the curve (AUC) of empagliflozin in Group A without grapefruit intake were 730 ng/mL and 9264.6 ng × h/mL, respectively, with T max (2 h). In Group B, C max was 1907 ng/mL and AUC was 10,290.75 ng × h/mL in the presence of grapefruit, with T max (1 h); whereas, in Group C, the C max was 2936 ng/mL and AUC was 18657 ng × h/mL, with T max (2 h). In conclusion, our results showed that the co-administration of grapefruit with empagliflozin should be cautiously monitored and avoided, in which grapefruit elevates the plasma level of empagliflozin. This may be attributed to the inhibition of the uridine enzyme in the grapefruit by hesperidin, naringin, and flavonoid.

Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting the immune checkpoint axis, which contains the programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) and its ligand PD-L1, revolutionized the field of oncology. Unfortunately, the large size of mAbs and the presence of an Fc fraction limit their tumor penetrative capacities and support off-target effects, potentially resulting in unresponsive patients and immune-related adverse events (irAEs) respectively. Single-domain antibodies (sdAbs) are ten times smaller than conventional mAbs and represent an emerging antibody subclass that has been proposed as next generation immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapeutics. They demonstrate favorable characteristics, such as an excellent stability, high antigen-binding affinity and an enhanced tumor penetration. Because sdAbs have a short half-life, methods to prolong their presence in the circulation and at the target site might be necessary in some cases to unfold their full therapeutic potential. In this study, we investigated a peptide-based hydrogel as an injectable biomaterial depot formulation for the sustained release of the human PD-L1 sdAb K2. We showed that a hydrogel composed of the amphipathic hexapeptide hydrogelator H-FQFQFK-NH 2 prolonged the in vivo release of K2 after subcutaneous (s.c.) injection, up to at least 72 h, as monitored by SPECT/CT and fluorescence imaging. Additionally, after encapsulation in the hydrogel and s.c. administration, a significantly extended systemic presence and tumor uptake of K2 was observed in mice bearing a melanoma tumor expressing human PD-L1. Altogether, this study describes how peptide hydrogels can be exploited to provide the sustained release of sdAbs, thereby potentially enhancing its clinical and therapeutic effects., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest KB, NDV, and JB have patents on the use of K2 for imaging and therapy purposes (WO2019166622A1; Human pd-l1-binding immunoglobulins). The remaining authors declare no competing interests., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

The two main classifications of antidepressant medications are selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Out of the available choices, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) have emerged as the most commonly prescribed option. The class demonstrates a greater degree of diversity in its structural characteristics in contrast to its neurochemical effects. Nevertheless, it is important to acknowledge that the chemical composition of a drug within this specific class does not carry substantial significance in the selection process. A comprehensive analysis of the pharmacodynamic and pharmacodynamic properties of antidepressant drugs proves advantageous for clinicians and managed care providers responsible for selecting preferred selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) from a roster of authorized medications. The physicochemical characteristics, which possess considerable significance, are frequently disregarded except during the drug development stage. Pharmacodynamic properties refer to the physiological and biochemical effects that drugs exert on the human body. It is noteworthy that the inclusion of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) in a comprehensive depression management protocol may demonstrate enhanced effectiveness in clinical environments as opposed to controlled trials.

Lead-based metal halide perovskite (MHP) nanocrystals (NCs) have emerged as a promising class of semiconducting nanomaterials for a wide range of optoelectronic and photoelectronic applications. However, the intrinsic lead toxicity of MHP NCs has significantly hampered their large-scale device applications. Copper-base MHP NCs with composition-tunable optical properties have emerged as a prominent lead-free MHP NC candidate. However, comprehensive synthesis space exploration, development, and synthesis science studies of copper-based MHP NCs have been limited by the manual nature of flask-based synthesis and characterization methods. In this study, we present an autonomous approach for the development of lead-free MHP NCs via seamless integration of a modular microfluidic platform with machine learning-assisted NC synthesis modeling and experiment selection to establish a self-driving fluidic lab for accelerated NC synthesis science studies. For the first time, a successful and reproducible in-flow synthesis of Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 NCs is presented. Autonomous experimentation is then employed for rapid in-flow synthesis science studies of Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 NCs. The autonomously generated experimental NC synthesis dataset is then utilized for fast-tracked synthetic route optimization of high-performing Cs 3 Cu 2 I 5 NCs.