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Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) historically has been a fatal disease in cats. Recent unlicensed use of antiviral medication has been shown to markedly improve survival of this infection. An 8‐month‐old female spayed domestic short‐haired cat undergoing treatment for presumptive FIP with the antiviral nucleoside analog GS‐441524 developed acute progressive azotemia. Abdominal ultrasound examination identified multifocal urolithiasis including renal, ureteral, and cystic calculi. Unilateral ureteral obstruction progressed to suspected bilateral ureteral obstruction and subcutaneous ureteral bypass (SUB) was performed along with urolith removal and submission for analysis. A 2‐year‐old male neutered domestic medium‐haired cat undergoing treatment for confirmed FIP with GS‐441524 developed dysuria (weak urine stream, urinary incontinence, and difficulty expressing the urinary bladder). This cat also was diagnosed sonographically with multifocal urolithiasis requiring temporary tube cystostomy after cystotomy and urolith removal. In both cases, initial urolith analysis showed unidentified material. Additional testing confirmed the calculi in both cats to be 98% consistent with GS‐441524. Additional clinical studies are required to determine best screening practices for cats presented for urolithiasis during treatment with GS‐441524. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gray leaf spot (GLS) is an important corn disease reportedly caused by Cercospora zeae-maydis and C. zeina. Recently, flutriafol, a demethylation inhibitor (azole) fungicide received EPA registration as Xyway® LFR®, a product that is applied at planting for management of fungal diseases in corn, including suppression of GLS. In this study, 448 Cercospora spp. isolates were collected in 2020 and 2021 from symptomatic corn leaf samples submitted from the United States and Ontario, Canada. The Cercospora spp. were identified using multi-locus genotyping of the internal transcribe spacer (ITS), elongation factor 1-α (EF1), calmodulin (CAL), histone H3 (HIS), and actin (ACT) gene. Based on the multi-locus phylogenetic analyses, six species were identified; C. cf. flagellaris (n = 77), C. kikuchii (n = 4), C. zeae-maydis (n = 361), Cercospora sp. M (n = 2), Cercospora sp. Q (n = 1), and Cercospora sp. T (n = 3). In subsequent pathogenicity tests using selected isolates from each of these species, only C. zeae-maydis resulted in symptoms on corn with no disease symptoms observed after inoculation with C. cf. flagellaris, C. kikuchii, Cercospora sp. M, Cercospora sp. Q, and Cercospora sp. T. While disease symptoms were observed on soybean following inoculation with C. cf. flagellaris, C. kikuchii, and Cercospora sp. Q, but not the other three species. Fungicide sensitivity of Cercospora spp. to flutriafol was assessed using a subset of 340 isolates. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to inhibit the growth of Cercospora spp. completely was determined based on growth of each species on flutriafol-amended clarified V8 agar at nine concentrations. The EC50 was also calculated from the same trial by measuring relative growth as compared to the non-amended control. Cercospora zeae-maydis was sensitive to flutriafol with mean MIC values of 2.5 µg/mL and EC50 values ranging from 0.016 to 1.020 µg/mL with a mean of 0.346 µg/mL. Cercospora cf. flagellaris, C. kikuchii, Cercospora sp. M, Cercospora sp. Q, and Cercospora sp. T had mean EC50 values of 1.25 µg/mL, 7.14 µg/mL, 2.48 µg/mL, 1.81 µg/mL, and 2.24 µg/mL respectively. These findings will assist in monitoring the sensitivity to the flutriafol fungicide in Cercospora spp. populations.

Objective: To describe compare and assess expert and consumer evaluations of videos the National Bowel Cancer Screening Program in Australia to inform the future development of effective promotional materials., Methods: From July to November, 2022 consumers (n = 487) were randomly assigned to see 3 of 15 videos and 34 "experts" (i.e., researchers, clinicians, and health promotion specialists) viewed all 15 videos. Participants completed 22 items reflecting positive and negative perceptions and perceived efficacy in encouraging screening participation. Multiple analyses of covariance assessed mean differences in expert and consumer ratings controlling for age and gender differences., Results: Experts and consumers reported similar perceptions about videos, with no difference in the degree to which each would encourage kit completion. However, compared to those containing personal stories, experts rated instructional and informational videos significantly lower than consumers in terms of encouraging actions that facilitate kit completion., Conclusions: Experts may underestimate the degree to which information and personal narratives resonate with consumers viewing bowel cancer screening videos., Practical Implications: It is valuable to consult consumers when designing bowel cancer screening promotion and education videos as opposed to relying solely on expert opinion especially in the context of encouraging actions that lead to kit completion., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests:Mark Jenkins reports financial support was provided by National Health and Medical Research Council. Mark Jenkins is a member of the Clinical Advisory Group for the National Bowel Cancer Screening Program If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)