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BackgroundGlioblastoma is characterized by neovascularization and diffuse infiltration into the adjacent tissue. T2*-based dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MR perfusion images provide useful measurements of the biomarkers associated with tumor perfusion. This study aimed to distinguish infiltrating tumors from vasogenic edema in glioblastomas using DSC-MR perfusion images.MethodsData were retrospectively collected from 48 patients with primary IDH-wild-type glioblastoma and 24 patients with meningiomas (Edemas-M). First, we attempted histological verification of cell density, Ki-67 index, and microvessel areas to distinguish between non-contrast-enhancing tumors (NETs) and edema (Edemas) which were obtained from stereotactically fused T2-weighted and perfusion images. This was performed for evaluating enhancing tumors (ETs), NETs, and Edemas. Second, we also performed radiological verification to distinguish NETs from Edemas. Two neurosurgeons manually assigned the regions of interests (ROIs) to ETs, NETs, and Edemas. The DSC-MR perfusion imaging-derived parameters calculated for each ROI included the cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and mean transit time (MTT).ResultsCell density and microvessel area were significantly higher in NETs than those in Edemas (pConclusionsDSC-MR perfusion images may prove useful in differentiating NETs from Edemas in non-contrast T2 hyperintensity regions of glioblastoma.

The nonreciprocal, diode-like electric transport in a superconductor/ferromagnet bilayer system, MoGe/Ni81Fe19, has been investigated. We found that a MoGe film on Ni81Fe19 spontaneously generates d.c. voltage by rectifying environmental fluctuations. By comparing the effect between MoGe films on different magnetic materials, we show that the amplitude of the spontaneous voltage generation is almost proportional to that of the nonreciprocal electric transport in MoGe, suggesting that the observed rectification mainly originates from the motion of superconducting vortex strings that can feel asymmetry in the magnetic environment between the MoGe surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nonreciprocal, diode-like electric transport in a superconductor/ferromagnet bilayer system, MoGe/Ni81Fe19, has been investigated. We found that a MoGe film on Ni81Fe19 spontaneously generates d.c. voltage by rectifying environmental fluctuations. By comparing the effect between MoGe films on different magnetic materials, we show that the amplitude of the spontaneous voltage generation is almost proportional to that of the nonreciprocal electric transport in MoGe, suggesting that the observed rectification mainly originates from the motion of superconducting vortex strings that can feel asymmetry in the magnetic environment between the MoGe surfaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Glioblastoma is characterized by neovascularization and diffuse infiltration into the adjacent tissue. T2*-based dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) MR perfusion images provide useful measurements of the biomarkers associated with tumor perfusion. This study aimed to distinguish infiltrating tumors from vasogenic edema in glioblastomas using DSC-MR perfusion images. Methods: Data were retrospectively collected from 48 patients with primary IDH-wild-type glioblastoma and 24 patients with meningiomas (Edemas-M). First, we attempted histological verification of cell density, Ki-67 index, and microvessel areas to distinguish between non-contrast-enhancing tumors (NETs) and edema (Edemas) which were obtained from stereotactically fused T2-weighted and perfusion images. This was performed for evaluating enhancing tumors (ETs), NETs, and Edemas. Second, we also performed radiological verification to distinguish NETs from Edemas. Two neurosurgeons manually assigned the regions of interests (ROIs) to ETs, NETs, and Edemas. The DSC-MR perfusion imaging-derived parameters calculated for each ROI included the cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and mean transit time (MTT). Results: Cell density and microvessel area were significantly higher in NETs than those in Edemas (p<0.01 and p<0.05, respectively). Regarding radiological analysis, the mean CBF ratio for Edemas was significantly lower than that for NETs (p<0.01). The mean MTT ratio for Edemas was significantly higher than that for NETs. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that CBF (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.890) could effectively distinguish between NETs and Edemas. The ROC analysis also showed that MTT (AUC = 0.946) could effectively distinguish between NETs and Edemas. Conclusions: DSC-MR perfusion images may prove useful in differentiating NETs from Edemas in non-contrast T2 hyperintensity regions of glioblastoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remote C(sp3)–H bond functionalization reactions are environmentally benign methods for not only acyclic molecules but also cyclic molecules. However, products in previous reports have been limited to aliphatic five-membered ring structures. Herein, we developed an unprecedented multitasking rhodium-catalyzed reaction that can synthesize benzene-fused heterocyclic compounds, 2,3-disubstituted dihydrobenzofurans, through a remote C(sp3)–H bond functionalization reaction (chain-walking/cycloisomerization/hydroboration reaction). This catalytic system promotes a twice-occurring chain-walking/functionalization set in one pot, thus allowing the synthesis of dihydrobenzofurans with various side chain lengths at the 2- and 3-positions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]