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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the lived experience of leadership within outpatient physical therapists and to assess if the participants' lived experience of leadership is congruent with existing leadership theory., Design/methodology/approach: Qualitative, in-depth, semi-structured interviews were conducted with eight outpatient physical therapists within a single southeastern state of the USA to discuss their lived experience with leadership within their professional roles. The data was analyzed inductively through in vivo coding, second cycle coding and development of themes., Findings: The results of this study produced three themes surrounding the lived experience of leadership by outpatient physical therapists: How they lead, the important skills necessary to lead and the rewards of leadership., Research Limitations/implications: The lived experience of outpatient physical therapists appears to be congruent with transformational leadership theory. Researchers should consider using the transformational leadership theory framework to investigate and assess the effectiveness of leadership within physical therapy., Originality/value: To the best of the authors' knowledge, this research is the first time that the perspectives of those living the experience of leadership in physical therapy have been sought out for their perspectives on what leadership is within the field, which has implications for future research, leadership development and assessment of effective leadership., (© Emerald Publishing Limited.)

Introduction: Accessing affordable and high-quality healthcare remains a persistent challenge in low- and middle-income countries like Ethiopia. Community-based health insurance (CBHI) programs offer a promising solution to expand healthcare coverage and provide financial protection, particularly for vulnerable populations such as women. This study aimed to investigate the factors that influence CBHI enrollment among women in Sidama National Regional State, Ethiopia, using a multilevel analysis. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted using a multistage sampling technique from December 15th to January 12th, 2024, in the central Sidama zone, Sidama National Regional State. The study included 835 women aged 18 years and older, residing both in rural and urban areas. Face-to-face interviews were conducted using a pre-tested questionnaire to collect comprehensive data on socio-demographic, economic, and scheme-related factors. Data collection utilized the Open Data Kit mobile application, and data analysis was performed using Stata version 16, employing multilevel modified Poisson modeling to identify determinants of CBHI enrollment. Results: Among 845 samples, 835 women were interviewed, resulting in a response rate of 98.8%. Individual-level factors such as older age (APR = 1.02, 95%CI: 1.01–1.03, p<0.001), larger family size (APR = 1.09, 95%CI: 1.03–1.16, p = 0.001), and moderate wealth index (APR = 2.72, 95%CI: 1.28–5.79, p = 0.009) showed positive associations with CBHI enrollment, depicted a higher likelihood of individuals joining the insurance scheme. In addition, at the community level, higher rates of women's literacy (APR = 1.73, 1.18–2.55, p = 0.005), and women's autonomy (APR = 2.64, 95%CI: 1.50–4.65, p = 0.001) were positively correlated with CBHI enrollment. Conclusions: The study revealed that the enrollment rate among women in the CBHI scheme was 35%, indicating a need for improved outreach efforts. Significant factors that affected enrollment included older age, larger family size, and moderate wealth. Additionally, positive community-level influences such as higher literacy rates and increased autonomy for women contributed to higher enrollment. To improve CBHI enrollment, the target should focus on younger women and those from smaller families. Financial support, such as subsidies for low-income women, can also encourage participation. Investing in women's literacy and empowerment programs will enable them to make informed health choices, thereby increasing enrollment. Finally, ongoing research is necessary to track enrollment trends and identify barriers. Utilizing qualitative methods will yield insights into women's perceptions of CBHI, facilitating more effective strategies. Implementing these recommendations can enhance women's access to healthcare through CBHI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The Journal of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics (JCDE) is an English-language journal published by the Indian Association of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics. It was indexed in PubMed in 2010 in periodical publications. The purpose of this paper was to review and analyze the publications in JCDE over the 6 years from 2019 to 2024. Materials and Methods: This article evaluated the subject, number, and type of articles published, key topics addressed, authorship patterns, and article citations of the JCDE over the last 6-year period. Results: A total of 750 papers were found, and the publication output peaked in 2024 when 133 articles were published. On average, each volume had 1.5 times as many publications on endodontic topics compared to restorative topics. An average of eleven articles per volume addressed multidisciplinary or other dental disciplines. Original research articles followed by literature reviews and case reports/series accounted for the most articles per volume. The most of the authors were from India followed by the Middle East, America, and other Asian countries. With about 2802 citations, the 2019 issue had the most citations. Esthetic Dentistry was the main topic in the top 10 most cited articles. JCDE has the 7th-highest h5-index across both endodontic and operative dentistry journals. Conclusions: Many manuscripts in endodontics, dental materials, restorative dentistry, and a few other pertinent specializations have been published in JCDE over the past 6 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Declining soil fertility is worrying in sub-Saharan Africa. Various technologies serve to mitigate or rebuild soil fertility, but uptake by farmers, especially smallholders, is low. The study addresses this adoption problem in a novel way, assessing empirically many factors from various domains (economic, socio-demographic, individual, institutional, networks and information sources) to identify what drives adoption. Design/Methodology/Approach: The panel study used data from baseline and endline surveys with 1870 smallholders in Ghana, Kenya, Mali, and Zambia. Quantitative data were analysed simultaneously via logistic regression, complemented by qualitative interviews. The study demonstrates the advantage of panel studies, as they can measure changes in practice or in farmers' attitudes. Findings: Individual factors, for example innovativeness, perception about soil fertility and correct knowledge, have the biggest influence on adoption. Socio-demographic and economic factors, by contrast, play hardly any role, as do individual information sources. Practical implications: Future research should focus on in-depth studies of individual factors, e.g. innovativeness and knowledge, and on the information environment of farmers. Communication efforts must primarily target innovative farmers, ensure high quality, address competing messages, and communicate through many different channels. Theoretical implications: The importance of 'intrinsic' factors that have previously been overlooked in adoption studies in SSA becomes clear. Originality/Value: The study is one of very few that empirically assesses a wide range of independent variables to identify the drivers of adoption. It reports not only significance but also effect sizes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to examine the relationship between institutional logics and specifications quality, and how this relationship is mediated by the legitimacy of the procurement process and stewardship behaviour. Design/methodology/approach: This study draws on insights from institutional logics theory, and legitimacy and stewardship behaviour literature. We conducted an extended literature review to gain a comprehensive understanding of "institutional logics" and their manifestations in organizational contexts, utilizing the 2000–2024 data collected from the EBSCO, Scopus and Web of Science databases, complemented with Google Scholar. We gather that institutional logics manifest in several forms, and that while some organizations may thrive on a single logic, in certain contexts institutional logics can manifest in combinations – "multiple logics or hybrids". Based on this understanding, we developed testable research hypotheses, predicting the influences of institutional logics – professional logic, efficient service logic and delivery (market) logic, on legitimacy, stewardship behaviour and specifications quality. We then carried out an empirical study, adopting a quantitative cross-sectional survey design with a self-administered questionnaire to test the hypothesized relationships. The empirical data were obtained from 162 procuring and disposing entities in Uganda and analyzed using the partial least squares structural equation modelling technique. Findings: The study findings reveal that institutional logics exert a strong positive effect on the legitimacy of the procurement process and on stewardship behaviour, which, in turn, both positively influence specifications quality. Research limitations/implications: The study findings have implications for theory and practice. The study findings provide useful insights that support the conceptual and theoretical development of institutional logics theory and applications in procurement literature. In addition, the study findings enhance procurement managers' understanding of the mechanisms through which institutional logics can foster specifications quality. However, considering the fact that the study was conducted in a single country context, and focused on the public sector only, the findings of the study might not be generalizable globally. Originality/value: This study contributes to established knowledge about quality management and procurement by examining the legitimacy of the procurement process and stewardship behaviour of those involved in procurement processes as mechanisms through which procuring entities are able to use institutional logics to enhance specifications quality. In addition, the study highlights areas for future research that may be explored to increase understanding of the value of institutional logics in ensuring specifications quality, and the link between specifications quality and the general performance of procuring entities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine whether the use of videoconferencing for communication between the audit committee (AC) and auditors affects the quality of client firms' audits. Design/methodology/approach: This paper analyzes the mandatory disclosure information on AC–auditors communication using 1,065 Korean listed firm-years for the fiscal years 2020 and 2021. The details of AC–auditor communication (i.e. the extent of firms' use of videoconferencing) are manually collected from audit reports. Findings: This study finds that videoconferencing has a negative impact on audit quality, suggesting that it is not an effective communication medium between AC and auditors. The results are robust to alternative research designs (e.g. entropy-balanced sample, propensity score matching analysis and change analysis) that address endogeneity concerns. This study also finds that while the negative effect of videoconferencing is mitigated by holding more frequent AC meetings, neither AC independence nor expertise mitigates this effect. Research limitations/implications: This paper suggests that videoconferencing may affect audit quality by hurting the discussion between the AC and auditors. Practical implications: The findings that videoconferencing impairs the effectiveness of ACs and thus lowers audit quality have practical implications as the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly changed how AC members and auditors interact. This study offers timely and valuable insights into the potential implications of these pandemic-induced changes on audit environments. Originality/value: This study provides large-sample empirical evidence that directly examines the effect of videoconferencing on audit quality, enhancing the understanding of the communication dynamics between the AC and auditors. This study also contributes to the literature on the role of ACs in emerging markets by highlighting the information processing role of the AC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While many aspects of the leader–follower relationship have been studied, we know very little about the role of leader–follower distance in relationships and organizations. In particular, we propose to go beyond the current definition and examine distance as malleable and enacted by leaders. We explore this as acts of "doing distance" via two studies. In the first, we utilized the Critical Incident Technique to collect events of enacted distance from 97 managers working in diverse sectors and organizations. Drawing on the qualitative findings, we develop a conceptual model of the context, goals, and behavioral practices of enacted distance. In the second study (N = 543), we tested the proposed model using an experimental manipulation to examine the role of identity processes and levels (individual, relational, and collective) in leaders' doing distance. We identify specific managerial practices of doing distance and their related antecedents in terms of individuals' experiences and relationships, and discuss implications for theory and practice regarding distance in leader–follower relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research suggests that teams can greatly enhance their performance through boundary management, which comprises activities that establish, maintain, and regulate linkages with the surrounding environment. However, such performance gains do not materialize equally in all instances, and some teams struggle to benefit from boundary management. Integrating insights from social network and team-level resource allocation theories, we develop a contingency framework that considers the internal organization of a team's boundary management (i.e., the carrier, target, and type of such activities) as a key moderating factor that accounts for the varying effects. To test this framework, we use a meta-analytic approach that synthesizes >30 years of empirical research (i.e., 85 primary studies covering 10,848 teams). Our results show a positive main effect of team boundary management on team performance. Crucially, these performance benefits are more pronounced when the target of boundary management is extraorganizational rather than inside the home organization and when the type of boundary management activities is boundary spanning (e.g., coordination, representation, or information search) rather than boundary strengthening (e.g., buffering, guarding, or sentry activities). Moreover, boundary management is more effective when executed by formal team leaders rather than team members, and our results tentatively suggest that this may reflect differences in effectiveness between leaders and members in boundary strengthening, rather than boundary spanning. Overall, our findings advance theory on team boundary management by clarifying previously ambiguous findings and illustrating how teams can design their boundary management activities to be most effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research suggests that physically attractive employees receive myriad workplace and career advantages compared to less attractive employees. Despite calls for more attention to the role of organizational context in understanding this phenomenon, a theoretically grounded conceptualization of an employer's value for physically attractive employees and a method of measuring this aspect of the work environment is currently absent from the literature. In this study, we introduce the construct lookism climate, which reflects perceptions that a given work environment implicitly or explicitly values employee physical attractiveness. We develop and validate a measure of lookism climate using eight samples comprising 1,857 full-time employed adults in the United States and South Korea. We establish the psychometric properties and nomological network of the Lookism Climate Scale (LCS), including its factor structure, convergent, discriminant, and criterion validity, and measurement equivalence. We provide evidence that the LCS can be used as an assessment of an individual's perceptions of workplace climate as well as employees' shared conceptualization of climate. We also offer narrative examples of employee experiences with lookism climate. The introduction of the construct lookism climate and the LCS provides a pathway for future researchers to develop a deeper understanding of how organizational context contributes to the "beauty premium" in the workplace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While literature articulates the relevance of self-sacrificial leadership to crisis situations, little attention has been paid to employees' attitudinal and behavioral responses to self-sacrificial leadership. This is a particularly salient gap in the scholarship, given the decisions leaders must make to address challenges in the hospitality industry (e.g., the COVID-19 pandemic). Drawing on conservation of resources theory, this pair of field and experimental studies examines how individual differences in employee emotional suppression and leader coping strategy moderate the impacts of self-sacrificial leadership on employee perceptions of leader effectiveness. By sampling U.S. hospitality employees, the studies reveal that leaders who display self-sacrificial behaviors received more favorable ratings on leader effectiveness than others, an effect that is contingent on followers' emotional suppression and leaders' coping strategies. The perception of increased leader effectiveness in turn weakened employees' intentions to engage in negative word-of-mouth toward their organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Massive changes in many aspects related to social groups of different socioeconomic backgrounds were caused by the COVID-19 pandemic and as a result, the overall state of mental health was severely affected globally. This study examined how the pandemic affected Sri Lankan citizens representing a range of socioeconomic backgrounds in terms of their mental health. The data used in this research was gathered from 3,020 households using a nationwide face-to-face survey, from which a processed dataset of 921 responses was considered for the final analysis. Four distinct factors were identified by factor analysis (FA) that was conducted and subsequently, the population was clustered using unsupervised clustering to determine which population subgroups were affected similarly. Two such subgroups were identified where the respective relationships to the retrieved principal factors and their demographics were thoroughly examined and interpreted. This resulted in the identification of contrasting perspectives between the two groups toward the maintenance and the state of social relationships during the pandemic, which revealed that one group was more "socially connected" in nature resulting in their mental state being comparatively better in coping with the pandemic. The other group was seen to be more "socially reserved" showing an opposite reaction toward social connections while their mental well-being declined showing symptoms such as loneliness, and emptiness in response to the pandemic. The study examined the role of social media, and it was observed that social media was perceived as a substitute for the lack of social connections or primarily used as a coping mechanism in response to the challenges of the pandemic and results show that maintaining social connections physically or via online rather than the use of social media has helped one group over the other in decreasing their symptoms such as emptiness, loneliness and fear of death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human resource management (HRM) literature often uses motivational theories to examine how job design motivates employees to manage newly established employee behaviours such as knowledge-hiding. However, the literature finds that whereas job-design characteristics reduce knowledge hiding, others unexpectedly encourage it. By integrating the cost-benefit analysis framework into the job demands–resources (JD–R) theory, we examine how job demands and job resources as two distinct types of job-design characteristics influence the expected costs and benefits of sharing solicited knowledge to affect knowledge hiding differently. In summary, we find that job demands encourage knowledge hiding, whereas job resources lower it. We contribute that job-design characteristics act as job demands or resources to affect knowledge hiding differently. Further, we explain the unexpected findings concerning why and how job-design characteristics – as job demands – encourage knowledge hiding by stimulating the expected costs but do not motivate employees to produce the expected benefits. In addition, by integrating the cost-benefit analysis framework into the JD–R theory, we contribute that job demands and resources affect the cost-benefit analyses, influencing employees' rational choice behaviour. This integration considerably expands the JD–R theory's application scope from employee well-being and performance to rational choice behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to observe the effects of financial metrics, free float shareholders, GDP growth and firm age on dividend payout policy in both the short- and long-term scenarios. The study introduces the dynamic panel regression models, i.e. Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) for time series data and Weighted Least Squares (WLS) to account for autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity limitation. The dataset includes all companies listed on the Stock Exchange of Thailand during the years 2013–2023. The study finds that in the long-term, GDP growth negatively relates to dividend payout policy in all industrial sectors. Financial metrics, free float shareholders, GDP growth and firm age affect a mixed picture of industrial sectors on dividend payout policy. In the short-term, previous dividend payments significantly influence dividend payment policy. Furthermore, a higher debt-to-equity ratio, firm age, and free cashflows influence dividend payout policy in various industrial sectors. Also shown by the analysis is that factors influence short-run adjustment to half-life analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The psychological resilience of teachers has gained significant attention due to its positive effects on schools and students. This cross-sectional quantitative study investigates the moderating roles of gender and the length of time spent with the school principal in the relationship between principals' empowering leadership behaviors and teachers' psychological resilience. Data were collected from 362 teachers working in public primary, secondary, and high schools in Siirt, Türkiye. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and moderation analysis using the bootstrapping method were applied to analyze the data. The findings reveal that the empowering leadership behaviors of school principals positively correlate with teachers' psychological resilience, with variations based on gender and time spent with the principal. Specifically, the relationship is stronger for female teachers compared to male teachers and for those who have spent more time with the school principal. These results offer theoretical insights and practical recommendations for enhancing teacher resilience through leadership practices, highlighting the importance of understanding contextual and demographic factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The new teleworking conditions imposed by extreme events such as the COVID-19 pandemic blur the border between home and official working space, amplifying the conflicting demands of family and work life experienced by employees across national cultures. Drawing on conservation of resources (COR) theory, this study explores cross-national variances in the underlying mechanism of how family–work conflict (FWC) affects employees' operational and marketing productivity in the global epidemic-induced teleworking context. Design/methodology/approach: This study conducts a large-scale and cross-national survey of 710 remote employees who worked from home partially or fully during the COVID-19 outbreak across three countries: the USA, the UK and Vietnam. Findings: The results show that FWC drives affective commitment, leading to greater employees' operational and marketing productivity when teleworking. We also find distinct moderating effects of organizational factors (i.e. task control) and employees' psychological factors (i.e. emotional exhaustion) on the FWC–operational productivity link across the three countries. Moreover, centralization positively moderates the effect of operational productivity on marketing productivity in the teleworking context in Vietnam, while it is not the case in the USA and the UK. Originality/value: This study fills a gap in the literature by revealing cross-national differences in the underlying mechanism of the FWC effects on employees' operational and marketing productivity in the pandemic-induced teleworking conditions. It extends extant studies in the work–family literature by introducing affective commitment as an important mediator in translating the negative consequences of FWC to operational and marketing productivity gain in crisis-driven teleworking across national cultures. We also provide insights into the distinct moderating roles of task control and emotional exhaustion in determining the FWC effect on operational productivity as well as that of centralization in driving marketing productivity. The findings have substantive implications for teleworking design and management to improve employee productivity across different national settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The aim of this research is twofold: (1) to investigate when the effect of R&D investment on New Product Development (NPD) performance peaks – the sweet spot and (2) to analyze the influence of firms' export activities on where that spot is. Drawing on the knowledge-based view (KBV), we argue that export intensity and export experience lead to differential effects on how R&D investments are converted into new products. Design/methodology/approach: We test our conceptual framework using time lagged data and optimal-level analysis. The dataset consists of an unbalanced panel of 608,891 observations and 333,516 firms. Findings: The results support the expected inverted U-shaped relationship between R&D investment and NPD performance. They also show moderating effects of export intensity and experience. Export intensity enhances innovation processes by enabling firms to stretch the points at which R&D investments eventually taper off. In contrast, export experience improves firms' ability to convert R&D investments into NPD performance. Our results demonstrate that, all else equal, firms with relatively higher export experience can spend less on R&D and still achieve higher levels of NPD performance. Originality/value: We contribute to the literature by investigating how export activities provide a valuable context for understanding the theoretical mechanisms that help explain the inverted U-shaped relationship between R&D investment and innovation. We show the effects of exporting activities on the precise points where the R&D investment–NPD performance relationship peaks, thereby identifying the optimal point within this nonlinear relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Concerns about imprecise concepts and incoherent theories have long plagued management studies. Though systematic categorizing was once proposed as a remedy for those concerns, as it had resolved similar ones in other scientific disciplines, conversation about that potential ceased decades ago. This integrative review revives and refocuses that conversation by systematically categorizing how management scholars categorize concepts and phenomena, in four phases. Phases 1 and 2 (conceptual-mapping and etymological reviews, respectively) together yield a framework encompassing three general approaches—classical, commonsense, and contemporary—scholars across all scientific disciplines, including management studies, historically have taken to categorize concepts and phenomena. Phase 3 (a qualitative review) determines that management scholars seldom use formal methods to categorize. Finally, Phase 4 (another qualitative review) yields a second framework that more meaningfully differentiates the ways management scholars currently categorize. The results indicate that categorizing in management studies remains unsystematic due to scholars predominantly relying on intuitive methods and introducing idiosyncratic categorial schemes instead of rigorous methods to improve extant ones. Unexpected findings from each phase provide insights into the changes scholars must make to categorize systematically as well as how doing so would foster more precise conceptualizing and coherent theorizing in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Considering the transformational impact of technological advances in modern retail on the consumer experience and the associated growth of experimental studies in consumer-centric supply chain management (SCM) research, this paper presents a practical overview of key steps in the design of scenario-based experiments (SBEs) in the context of retail SCM. Design/methodology/approach: Following a conceptual approach, this paper discusses essential aspects in the designing process, including the connection to theory, vignette design considerations, experimental checks and ensuring managerial relevance. Findings: This paper presents a resource for SCM researchers in their pursuit of designing rigorous, context-focused SBEs in consumer-centric retail SCM research. Major design considerations and potential pitfalls are highlighted. Practical implications: A well-designed experiment, including its vignettes, manipulations and checks, offers strong potential to inform actionable guidance for managers in the feasibility, strategy design, customization and consumer segmentation of retail SCM strategies. Originality/value: This paper connects the steps in the design of SBEs to consumer-centric retail SCM questions, supporting future research in this realm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this review was to expand the knowledge base regarding the relationship between principals' leadership styles and teachers' organizational citizenship behaviours drawing on a database of 87 studies. The study utilized four different data sources (WoS, Scopus, ERIC, and Google Scholar). Design/methodology/approach: Descriptive and content analysis methods were used to highlight the key tends in this literature, including growth trajectory, authorship trends, citation impact, quantitative research techniques, the composition of leadership styles, and detailed mediators and moderators. Findings: The results revealed that transformational leadership was the most frequently studied leadership style. The study synthesized how principal leadership directly and indirectly affects teachers' OCBs. The findings were interpreted considering existing educational leadership and management (EDLM) literature. Originality/value: Given the rapid growth of research on the linkage between principals' leadership styles and teachers' OCBs and the fact that the field has been missing a comprehensive review to lay out the relevant literature on this topic, it is important to systematically review and scrutinize the relationship between leadership styles and teachers' OCB. Reviewing this literature will provide guidance for future researchers through identifying major methodological gaps and suggesting recommendations for future directions. This study is the first review on the relationship between principals' leadership styles and teachers' organizational citizenship behaviours (OCBs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This discussion paper focuses on the notion of context and its variables and explores how context influences the attempt to practice ethical leadership in educational settings. Three major research questions underline this paper: a. What is the importance of context in the leadership research and what are the contextual factors affecting different notions of ethics, values, their degree of significance, and the way they affect attitudes and behaviors? b. To what extend do educational systems and/or communities share the same notional background about ethics, values, and ethical leadership? c. Can that which is researched and discussed in ethical leadership theory be successfully and effectively transferred into everyday school practice? Our investigation leads us to support the assumption that contextual factors should be included in (ethical) leadership research and the notion of vision and its interaction with the notions of mission and goals should be revisited in a more humanistic rather than managerial way if we wish to run ethical schools and transform them into ethical learning nests to nurture and develop new generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building on appraisal theory of emotions and theories on moral emotions, we contend that ethical leadership triggers other-praising moral emotions directed at the supervisor and leads to feedback-seeking behavior. We further predict that the affective processes of ethical leadership have implications for workplace behaviors, namely organizational citizenship behavior directed at the supervisor and employee voice. We develop a new measure of supervisor-directed, other-praising moral emotions and test the validity of the measure. Then, we test and find support for the proposed hypotheses using a sample of 231 full-time employees in China with a time-lagged survey design and structural equation modeling. Theoretical and practical implications for ethical leadership and moral emotions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: By drawing on the reciprocity norm and the employee engagement theory, the aim of this study is to investigate the influence of workplace characteristics (e.g. individual, job, group and organizational levels) on remote employee work performance (i.e. task, adaptive and proactive) and to examine the potential role of work engagement. Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected through a phased investigation in a branch of a multinational telecommunication company located in Greece. The research was carried out from September 2022 to December 2022. Firstly, 364 exclusively remote employees completed questionnaires examining work-related characteristics (i.e. change self-efficacy, work autonomy and perceived organizational support (POS)) as well as their work engagement. Consequently, their supervisors evaluated their work performance. The research model was tested with the use of structural equation modeling (SEM). Findings: The research findings suggest that change self-efficacy, work autonomy, support from supervisors and organizational support positively influence employee work engagement as well as that work engagement mediates the relationship among change self-efficacy, support from supervisors, organizational support and employee work performance (i.e. task and adaptive). Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed. Practical implications: The results indicate that if organizations manage to influence positively their employees' work engagement by providing them with the necessary conditions and support (i.e. individual, group and organizational levels), they may increase their work performance in changing and complex times. Originality/value: The research findings provide new insights into how workplace characteristics and work engagement may influence employee performance during turbulent times. The originality of this study lies in the finding that employees' work engagement mediates the relationship among change self-efficacy, support from supervisors, organizational support and employee work performance (i.e. task and adaptive). Further, the study refers to exclusively remote employees, and it was conducted in the meta coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Limited research has espoused a comparative perspective to study social networking sites' (SNS) use continuance despite most of them being abandoned after initial adoption. Most existing empirical works have been undertaken in western contexts, and they do not consider country-origin influence. Thus, they are of little benefit to global and transnational organizations. Awareness of countries' similarities and contrasts provides the basis for understanding people's behaviors in cross-cultural contexts, which can be crucial to ensuring technology acceptance and success, especially in multinational organizations. Our research aims to explain why and how people use SNSs sustainably in the workplace through a model and comparative study. Design/methodology/approach: The theoretical framework was developed to integrate and extend two major behavioral adoption and technology use models in explaining SNS use continuance. This paper collected data through a survey and analyzed it using structural equation modeling through partial least squares (PLS). Findings: One major contribution of this study is to highlight that the users in selected countries are driven strongly by subconscious factors rather than traditional factors based on the system attributes and users' perceived rationality of continuing to use SNSs. Research limitations/implications: This paper recommends that the model in this study be tested in other technology environments to evaluate the external validity of the research study. The research was based on an unspecified platform, but each SNS may have its own singularities that should merit further consideration. Originality/value: This paper will contribute to the literature by integrating and extending two major theoretical frameworks and espousing a cross-national perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mandatory shift to remote work during the COVID-19 pandemic has made employers and employees increasingly aware of the productivity benefits that may arise from the digital revolution. To explore the characteristics of these gains, we build a model that enables companies to choose from three types of relationship inputs: face-to-face, remote synchronous, and remote asynchronous. Once remote interactions are included, five factors influencing job satisfaction and therefore worker productivity can be identified: (i) reduced mobility, (ii) interaction frequency, (iii) optimal time/place, (iv) work-life balance, and (v) relationship decay effects. We compute the optimal distribution of the three relationship types that maximize corporate profits, conditioning on reasonable parametric assumptions on these five effects. Additionally, we evaluate the potential productivity growth for companies employing only face-to-face interactions when introducing remote interactions. We test our theoretical predictions with a Structural Equation Model, revealing that remote work enhances worker satisfaction and willingness to contribute additional effort at the same wage. Our empirical findings have relevant implications for industrial and environmental policies at both national and supranational levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The COVID-19 pandemic has amplified the importance of effectively leading a remote workforce in volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous (VUCA) environments. This study examines the effectiveness of transformational–transactional leadership (Full-Range Leadership Model, FRLM) and its recent extension of instrumental leadership (eFRLM) in remote work contexts. Design/methodology/approach: We surveyed 529 remote working followers, providing perceptions on (1) their leaders' manifestation of eFRLM dimensions and factors, (2) their leaders' leadership effectiveness and (3) their organizational environment as VUCA. Findings: Results show that instrumental leadership represents a strongly effective leadership dimension in remote work contexts, explaining unique variance beyond transformational–transactional leadership. Moreover, VUCA environments moderated the association between eFRLM leadership behaviors and leadership effectiveness, with instrumental leadership being particularly effective in more pronounced VUCA environments and transformational–transactional leadership being less effective. Originality/value: Overall, instrumental leadership appears crucial to consider when predicting leadership effectiveness in virtual and uncertain contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Self-leadership theory predicts that specific self-leadership practices will enable individuals to better accomplish their goals. However, little is known about the role that these practices play in conventional leadership (leading or influencing others). This study compares leaders to non-leaders (N = 318) in nonprofits and examines both the extent to which self-leadership practices are employed and the strength of beliefs concerning their importance. Design/methodology/approach: Online survey of two groups: leaders and non-leaders of nonprofit organizations. Findings: Leaders practiced self-goal setting (d = 0.47) and self-observation (d = 0.45) more than non-leaders. Non-leaders practiced more self-reward (d = 0.33) and self-punishment (d = 0.37) than leaders. The only differences in belief concerning the importance of the self-leadership practices were due to leaders believing self-goal setting (d = 0.46) and self-observation (d = 0.36) were more important than non-leaders did. Research limitations/implications: If self-leadership practices contribute to leadership effectiveness or emergence, this study indicates that goal setting and self-observation (monitoring progress toward goals) may contribute positively to the leadership of others, whereas self-reward and self-punishment may contribute negatively. Practical implications: Self-leadership may not be as important to the leadership of others as is often claimed or implied. Originality/value: This is the first study to look at how self-leadership practices differ between leaders and non-leaders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Within the scope of broadening participation and developing diverse talents in STEM leadership, this paper aims to deliver a research study that explores faculty leaders' caring intelligence as STEM leadership intelligence. STEM leadership intelligence is the knowledge, skills, traits and aptitude essential to effective leadership in STEM education. Design/methodology/approach: A previously developed STEM caring-oriented academic managerial leadership framework (SCAMLF) and a typology of STEM faculty leadership styles were used to thematically analyze the caring intelligence and leadership qualities of STEM faculty leaders. Interview transcripts of 18 STEM faculty leaders at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs), provided by the Center for the Advancement of STEM Leadership (CASL), were used as data in this study. Findings: The empirical evidence gained from this study highlighted important themes, descriptors and narratives for exploring caring intelligence and leadership intelligence of STEM faculty leadership in HBCUs. Research limitations/implications: Although the generalizability of the study is limited because of the sample size, STEM caring was found to be the most common dimension present in the reflections of participating STEM faculty leaders with diverse leadership styles. Implications for future research on STEM leadership intelligence were discussed. Originality/value: Studying caring intelligence as a form of leadership intelligence provides a new and innovative means of assessing STEM leadership intelligence. Caring intelligence can be employed to predict the mindset, performance and behaviors of STEM faculty leaders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Practical wisdom, an essential component of leadership, has been approached mainly from a theoretical perspective. While there are barely any empirical studies on leaders' practical wisdom, quantitative ones are even rarer, and no valid measure of a leader's practical wisdom exists. Thus, our understanding of whether and how wise leaders influence their followers is limited. Inspired by Thomas Aquinas' ideas on practical wisdom, we operationalize it as a tridimensional capacity of inquiring, judging, and acting in an emotionally regulated way, and develop and validate a corresponding measure of leader-expressed practical wisdom. To support our operationalization, we test how leader-expressed practical wisdom predicts employees' speaking up behaviors via their psychological safety. Our rationale is that to make better decisions, wise leaders are receptive to employees' views that address matters of concern and challenge the status quo with the intention of improving the situation – such a receptiveness being enabled by fostering employees' psychological safety. Through a two-wave field study, a three-wave field study, and a vignette-based experiment carried out in three countries we obtain empirical support for that three-dimensional construct and show that leader-expressed practical wisdom predicts employees' speaking up behaviors via their psychological safety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on how organizational formalization influences the relationship between leader traits, such as anger and vision, and follower trust in the leader. Topics include the impact of leader trait anger on trust and vision, the role of organizational formalization in neutralizing leader influence, and the implications for recruitment and organizational procedures.

School leadership research literature has a large number of widely used constructs. Could fewer constructs bring more clarity? This study evaluates construct content validity, defined as the extent to which a measure's items reflect a theoretical content domain, in school leadership literature. To do so, we reviewed 29 articles that used Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS) as data sources to study school leadership, and developed a construct co-occurrence network in which nodes represented constructs in the 29 reviewed articles and ties connected a pair of constructs that used the same TALIS survey items. Among the 82 constructs, 43 constructs had overlapping measures with one another in the TALIS literature on school leadership. Results of network analysis suggest three problematic issues with constructs of TALIS literature on school leadership: (1) same measures for different constructs, (2) different measures for the same constructs, and (3) missing alignment between theoretical and operational definitions. To strive for construct clarity, we provide four recommendations for future research: (1) efforts to prevent construct proliferation, (2) alignment of theoretical and operational definitions, (3) rigorous evaluation of construct validity, and (4) following a fundamental principle of parsimony. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to redefine approaches to metrics in service marketing by examining the utility of partial least squares – structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) for assessing service quality, with a focus on the airline industry. Design/methodology/approach: Using the Airline Passenger Satisfaction data set from Kaggle platform, this study applies PLS-SEM, facilitated by ADANCO software and XAI techniques, specifically using the SHapley Additive exPlanations TreeExplainer model. This study tests several hypotheses to validate the effectiveness of these methodological tools in identifying key determinants of service quality. Findings: PLS-SEM analysis categorizes key variables into Delay, Airport Service and In-flight Service, whereas XAI techniques rank these variables based on their impact on service quality. This dual-framework provides businesses a detailed analytical approach customized to specific research needs. Research limitations/implications: This study is constrained by the use of a single data set focused on the airline industry, which may limit generalizability. Future research should apply these methodologies across various sectors to enhance a broader applicability. Practical implications: The analytical framework offered here equips businesses with the robust tools for a more rigorous and nuanced evaluation of service quality metrics, supporting informed strategic decision-making. Social implications: By applying advanced analytics to refine service metrics, businesses can better meet and exceed customer expectations, ultimately elevating the societal standard of service delivery. Originality/value: This study contributes to the ongoing discourse on artificial intelligence interpretability in business analytics, presenting an innovative methodological guide for applying PLS-SEM and/or XAI in service marketing research. This approach delivers actionable insights, not only in the airline sector but also across diverse business domains seeking to optimize service quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Technology is sometimes used to support assessments of academic research in the form of automatically generated bibliometrics for reviewers to consult during their evaluations or by replacing some or all human judgements. With artificial intelligence (AI), there is increasing scope to use technology to assist research assessment processes in new ways. Since transparency and fairness are widely considered important for research assessment and AI introduces new issues, this review investigates their implications. Design/methodology/approach: This article reviews and briefly summarises transparency and fairness concerns in general terms and through the issues that they raise for various types of Technology Assisted Research Assessment (TARA). Findings: Whilst TARA can have varying levels of problems with both transparency and bias, in most contexts it is unclear whether it worsens the transparency and bias problems that are inherent in peer review. Originality/value: This is the first analysis that focuses on algorithmic bias and transparency issues for technology assisted research assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Face is the most intuitive and representative feature at the individual level. Many studies show that beautiful faces help individuals and enterprises obtain economic benefits and form a high economic premium, but the discussion of their potential social value is insufficient. This study aims to focus on the impact of the personal characteristics of executives. It mainly analyzes the impact mechanism of CEO facial attractiveness on corporate social responsibility (CSR) decision-making, clarifying the social value of beauty from the perspective of CSR. Design/methodology/approach: The authors use the regression model to analyze the panel data set, which was conducted by a sample of Chinese publicly listed firms from 2016 to 2018. Findings: The study found that CEOs with high facial attractiveness are more active in fulfilling CSR, which can usually bring higher social benefits. CEOs with beautiful faces are prone to overconfidence, are optimistic about their ability and the future development of the enterprise and are more willing to increase their investment in CSR. CEO duality can positively regulate the positive correlation between a CEO's facial attractiveness and CSR. Originality/value: Based on the perspective of upper echelons theory, this paper explores the mechanism of CEO facial attractiveness on CSR. This study enriches the perspective of the upper echelon's theoretical research and has essential enlightenment for CEO selection and training practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to reveal the impact mechanism of franchisor-owned resources, franchise relationship quality and franchisee's dynamic capabilities on franchisee performance, with the moderating role of cultural sensitivity. Design/methodology/approach: The sample consisted of 290 middle managers and team leaders at 113 hotels and food and beverage settings participating in the international- and domestic franchises in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. A partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) is used to analyse the data. Findings: The result reveals that franchisor-owned resources, franchise relationship quality and franchisee's dynamic capabilities significantly impacted franchisee performance. Furthermore, cultural sensitivity has a beneficial role in the effect of franchise relationship quality on franchisee performance. Originality/value: This study develops an integrated analytical framework of franchisee performance from the franchisee's perspective, contributing to integrating international business theory in franchising studies, namely the resource-based view, dynamic capability view and relationship-marketing theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the personal, financial, and social implications of divorce for employees, research on the intersection of divorce and work has been mainly conducted across disparate literatures, with limited attention paid within the organizational sciences. In this review, we bring together research on employee divorce across multiple disciplines, including sociology, public health, legal studies, economics, family studies, and psychology. We identify three major areas of prior research that can be applied to our understanding of divorce within organizational contexts: interrole interdependencies, economic dependency, and social dynamics. We also highlight overarching themes that emerge from prior research on divorce and work. Building on our review, we then provide recommendations about how to theoretically and empirically advance research on divorce and work. Finally, we discuss the practical implications of our review. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although time is an essential component of the relationships between human resource (HR) systems and their antecedents and consequences, strategic human resource management (SHRM) research has been long criticized for not paying enough attention to the role of time in theory development and research design. To evaluate how the time issue has been addressed in this research field, we reviewed 237 empirical studies on HR systems that incorporated time, using temporal features. We found that while the number of studies incorporating time has increased substantially over time, there is a lack of progress regarding testing and theorizing temporal effects, thus we lack understanding of change or relationships over time. Based on our findings, we offer specific guidance on hypothesizing and theorizing the role of time in SHRM, and we offer suggestions for research design and statistical analyses in temporal research of SHRM. By integrating temporal models, temporal features, and methodologies for testing temporal relationships with SHRM research, this review aims to advance SHRM research to adopt more truly dynamic views to examine HR systems and their antecedents and effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the recent years, two perspectives on control variable use have emerged in management research: the first originates largely from within the management discipline and argues to remain frugal, to use control variables as sparsely as possible. The second is rooted in econometrics textbooks and argues to be prolific, to be generous in control variable inclusion to not risk omitted variable bias, and because including irrelevant exogenous variables has little consequences for regression results. We present two reviews showing that the frugal perspective is becoming increasingly popular in research practice, while the prolific perspective has received little explicit attention. We summarize both perspectives' key arguments and test their specific recommendations in three Monte Carlo simulations. Our results challenge the two recommendations of the frugal perspective of "omitting impotent controls" and "avoiding proxies" but show the detrimental effects of including endogenous controls (bad controls). We recommend considering the control variable selection problem from the perspective of endogeneity and selecting controls based on theory using causal graphs instead of focusing on the many or few questions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Qualitative research methods are deemed best suited to exploring novel phenomena and generating new concepts. Their potential to reevaluate existing theorizing, however, is underestimated. Qualitative restudies that return to the data and settings on which the original theories were built are a well-established tradition in other disciplines (e.g., history, sociology, and anthropology), but have received little recognition in management and organization studies. We introduce qualitative restudies as a powerful means to improve theorizing by revising or challenging theories that have become outdated or obsolete and establishing transferability and longevity of findings and interpretations. We provide a typology of qualitative restudy designs drawing on an integrative review of literature in management, strategy, and the social sciences and humanities. We highlight the main design and ethical considerations for researchers in undertaking a restudy. We argue for the strengths of restudies as lying in their possibilities for retheorizing, above and beyond verifying or updating prior studies. Restudies draw on the strengths of in-depth qualitative work to uncover how interpretations and theorizing are shaped by methodological traditions, historical contexts, existing societal structures, and researcher backgrounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper delves into the concept of digital leadership in contemporary democracies, considering the impact of the digital age on politics and, consequently, on political leadership. In our view, with the spread of radio stations first, then televisions, and finally the web, leadership has evolved through three great stages: broadcast, telegenic and digital. The web, and social media in special, have reshaped democracies and political interactions both at macro, meso, and micro levels. With Obama as forefather and across different political ideologies, a new generation of politicians as Beppe Grillo, Justin Trudeau, Giorgia Meloni or Sanna Marin, among others, shows how leaders are adapting to a highly digitalized political environment. As we understand it, leaders with good digital media abilities need to excel in three skills –presence, interaction and engagement– and would have two main attributes: reliability and relatability. We also consider that the digitalization of leadership deepens the personalization and presidentialization phenomena in politics and under certain circumstances may provide cases of so-called hyper-leadership more frequently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Voters generally value competence in politicians. Four studies, all conducted in Germany, show that this is especially pronounced in people of higher compared with lower social class. The first study, with a representative sample (N 1 = 2239), found that the reported importance of competence in politicians increased with increasing socioeconomic status (SES). This was mediated by self-perceived competence which was higher in participants of higher SES. In three further studies (two preregistered, N 2a&2b = 396, N 3 = 400) participants merely saw pictures of politicians' faces. Perceived competence based on facial appearance increased the likelihood of voting for a politician. Again, this effect was stronger among participants of higher compared with lower SES. This moderation persisted after controlling for participants' political orientation and politicians' perceived warmth and dominance. We discuss implications for future research on the psychological underpinnings of social class as well as appearance effects in the political context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: An important aspect of value-based health care is providing care in an integrated practice unit (IPU). In an IPU, the full cycle of care for a specific medical condition is delivered through collaboration among professionals with diverse functional backgrounds. Although the proposed functioning of an IPU in the literature on value-based health care is based on assumptions about leadership, the role of leadership in the context of IPUs is overlooked in empirical studies., Purpose: Drawing on previous studies on shared leadership in other organizational contexts, this paper explores the role of formal leadership in the emergence of shared leadership in IPUs., Methodology/approach: To this end, we carried out a qualitative study in four IPUs in the Netherlands with differing formal leadership structures., Results/conclusion: We found that, in an IPU, leadership is mainly exhibited by those in formal leadership positions. It also appeared that having one versus multiple formal leaders can influence the opportunities for other IPU members to demonstrate leadership and the extent to which IPU members feel the need to exercise leadership in IPUs., Practice Implications: We encourage staff managers and IPU members to define clear roles for leaders and establish a structured strategy for sharing information and resources, such as communication channels and regular feedback loops., (Copyright © 2025 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Cesarean deliveries account for approximately one-third of all births in Germany, prompting ongoing discussions on cesarean section rates and their connection to medical staffing and birth volume. In Germany, the majority of departments integrate obstetric and gynecological care within a single department., Methods: The analysis utilized quality reports from German hospitals spanning 2015 to 2019. The outcome variable was the annual risk-adjusted cesarean section ratio-a metric comparing expected to observed cesarean sections. Explanatory variables included annual counts of physicians, midwives, and births. To account for case number-related staffing variations, full-time equivalent midwife and physician staff positions were normalized by the number of deliveries. Uni- and multivariate panel models were applied, complemented by multiple instrument variable analyses, including two-stage least square and generalized method of moments models., Results: Incorporating data from 509 integrated obstetric departments and 2089 observations, representing 2,335,839 deliveries with 720,795 cesarean sections (over 60% of all inpatient births in Germany), multivariate model with fixed effects revealed a statistically significant positive association between the number of physicians per birth and the risk-adjusted cesarean section ratio (0.004, p = 0.004). Two-stage least square instrument variable analysis (0.020, p < 0.001) and a system GMM estimator models (0.004, p < 0.001) validated these results, providing compelling evidence for a causal relationship., Conclusion: The study established a robust connection between the number of physicians per birth and the risk-adjusted cesarean section ratio in integrated obstetric and gynecological departments in Germany. While the cause of the effect remains unclear, one possible explanation is a lack of specialization within these departments due to the combined provision of both obstetric and gynecological care., Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflict of interest: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose. Ethics approval: Not applicable., (© 2025. The Author(s).)

Chemicals in general often evoke negative emotions (e.g., worry or fear) in consumers. This can cause consumers to avoid beneficial products and may even lead to suboptimal public policy decisions. It is, therefore, important to better understand how affective reactions to chemicals in general (ARC) form in order to be able to counteract these undesirable effects. The present research contributes to the literature on ARC by studying between-country differences in ARC. While ARC were negative in all countries in our dataset, there were practically relevant between-country differences in how negative they were. We predicted and found that consumers in higher uncertainty avoidance (UA) societies reported more negative ARC than their counterparts in lower UA societies. This effect was due to the rule orientation component rather than the anxiety component of UA. Importantly, while we found evidence for several alternative explanations for between-country variation in ARC (i.e., differences in affluence, individualism, prevalence of chemicals, and trust in consumer protection), the UA effect remained statistically significant when we controlled for other country characteristics. The present research contributes to a better understanding of how contextual factors on the society level influence consumers' ARC and in doing so advances our understanding of ARC. It also has implications for practitioners who wish to educate consumers on the risks and benefits of chemicals., (© 2025 The Author(s). Risk Analysis published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society for Risk Analysis.)

Purpose: The study tests the relationships between continuous improvement (CI) and clinical practices (CP) with perceived operational performance in Australian and New Zealand (NZ) emergency departments., Design/methodology/approach: A survey instrument was designed to collect data from Australian and NZ Emergency Department physicians to test a model developed from the literature, the continuous improvement and clinical practice (CICP) model. Hypotheses were developed and tested using bivariate correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis., Findings: ED operational performance is positively impacted by CI culture, reinforced by an established CI governance structure built on employee education of CI tools and methods. The lack of nonclinical time allocation for CI activities has remained a major impediment for the implementation of a sustainable CI culture. The study found physicians experience tension between continuous improvement and clinical practice., Practical Implications: Developing a CI mindset across all levels of emergency departments would encourage staff to embrace change to support the implementation of CI and to improve clinical practices. The study highlights potential implications for national bodies, academics, policymakers and ED physicians. Study insights suggest that continuous improvement and effective clinical practices are crucial for enhancing ED performance results in their day-to-day responsibilities., Originality/value: The paper is original by applying methodological rigour to identify the best predictors of performance in EDs and how a theoretical causal model can be tested to identify the best predictors of operational performance in EDs., (© Emerald Publishing Limited.)