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Abstract Drug resistance remains a challenge for targeted therapy of cancers driven by EML4-ALK and related fusion oncogenes. EML4-ALK forms cytoplasmic protein condensates, which result from networks of interactions between oncogene and adapter protein multimers. While these assemblies are associated with oncogenic signaling, their role in drug response is unclear. Here, we use optogenetics and live-cell imaging to find that EML4-ALK assemblies suppress transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling by sequestering RTK adapter proteins including GRB2 and SOS1. Furthermore, ALK inhibition, while suppressing oncogenic signaling, simultaneously releases the sequestered adapters and thereby resensitizes RTK signaling. Resensitized RTKs promote rapid and pulsatile ERK reactivation that originates from paracrine ligands shed by dying cells. Reactivated ERK signaling promotes cell survival, which can be counteracted by combination therapies that block paracrine signaling. Our results identify a regulatory role for RTK fusion assemblies and uncover a mechanism of tolerance to targeted therapies.

This study investigated antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis (S. Choleraesuis) isolates from diseased pigs in Taiwan (2015–2020). Among 272 isolates, florfenicol (96.7%), enrofloxacin (96.3%), doxycycline (91.2%), gentamicin (84.6%), and tiamulin (80.5%) exhibited high resistance. 99.3% of the isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic, and 97.8% of the isolates were multidrug resistant. This study illustrated that S. Choleraesuis isolates exhibited high resistance to antimicrobials currently used in the Taiwanese swine industry.

AbstractPlatelets are core components of thrombi but their effect on thrombus burden during deep vein thrombosis (DVT) has not been fully characterized. We examined the role of thrombopoietin-altered platelet count on thrombus burden in a murine stasis model of DVT. To modulate platelet count compared to baseline, CD1 mice were pretreated with thrombopoietin antisense oligonucleotide (THPO-ASO, 56% decrease), thrombopoietin mimetic (TPO-mimetic, 36% increase), or saline (within 1%). Thrombi and vein walls were examined on postoperative days (POD) 3 and 7. Thrombus weights on POD 3 were not different between treatment groups (p = .84). The mean thrombus weights on POD 7 were significantly increased in the TPO-mimetic cohort compared to the THPO-ASO (p = .005) and the saline (p = .012) cohorts. Histological grading at POD 3 revealed a significantly increased smooth muscle cell presence in the thrombi and CD31 positive channeling in the vein wall of the TPO-mimetic cohort compared to the saline and THPO-ASO cohorts (p

Abstract Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) vaccination in Vietnamese adults remains low and unequally distributed. We conducted a study on HBV-naïve adults living in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam, to determine barriers associated with HBV vaccination uptake after removing the financial barrier by providing free coupons for HBV vaccination. Methods After being screened for HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HBc, 284 HBV-naïve study participants aged 18 and over (i.e., negative for HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-HBc total) were provided free 3-dose HBV vaccine coupons. Next, study participants’ receipt of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd doses of HBV vaccine was documented at a pre-specified study healthcare facility, where HBV vaccines were distributed at no cost to the participants. Upon study entry, participants answered questionnaires on sociodemographics, knowledge of HBV and HBV vaccination, and related social and behavioral factors. The proportions of three doses of HBV vaccine uptake and their confidence intervals were analyzed. Associations of HBV vaccine initiation with exposures at study entry were evaluated using modified Poisson regression. Results 98.9% (281 of 284) of study participants had complete data and were included in the analysis. The proportion of participants obtaining the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd doses of HBV vaccine was 11.7% (95% Confidence Interval [95% CI] 8.0-15.5%), 10.7% (95%CI 7.1–14.3%), and 8.9% (95%CI 5.6–12.2%), respectively. On the other hand, participants were more likely to initiate the 1st dose if they had adequate knowledge of transmission (adjusted relative risk [aRR] = 2.58, 95% CI 1.12–5.92), adequate knowledge of severity (aRR = 6.75, 95%CI 3.38–13.48), and annual health-checking seeking behavior (aRR = 2.04, 95%CI 1.07–3.87). Conclusion We documented a low HBV vaccination uptake despite incentivization. However, increased vaccine initiation was associated with better HBV knowledge and annual health check-up adherence. When considering expanding HBV vaccination to the general adult population, we should appreciate that HBV knowledge is an independent predictor of vaccine uptake.

The intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) supports communication systems well, especially in physical layer security for the cooperative power domain non-orthogonal multiple access (PDNOMA). In this work, we investigate the secrecy performance of PDNOMA with the assistance of the IRS and a multiple-relaying network in the presence of an eavesdropper. Three selection strategies are considered at the relaying network to boost the system’s performance: the first method is based on the best relay selection, the second on the max-min concept, and the third on harmonious characteristics. Moreover, the phase shift of IRS element and power allocation for each NOMA user can be controlled to improve the secrecy quality and reduce the influence of an eavesdropper (E). Besides, applying the technique of transmitting artificial noise (AN) from the source is also considered in this paper to interfere with the signal at E. Furthermore, in this paper, we determine two primary metrics to evaluate the secrecy performance of our proposed system: the worst secrecy capacity and secrecy energy efficiency. The balance of these two metrics needs to be assured to improve the secrecy performance. Thus, in this paper, we consider the multi-object problem and propose the genetic algorithm-based approach, a non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm with three procedures (NSGA-II), to solve this problem. Then, to highlight the proposed algorithm’s outstanding performance, we compare it with other algorithms, Reference point based NSGA-II (R-NSGA-II) and the exhaustive search (ES). Additionally, the impacts of critical system parameters are investigated for both cases as IRS and none-IRS assistance comprises three relaying selection techniques, the number of IRS elements, the strength of AN signal, the distances of source-relay link, relay-IRS link, and IRS-Eavesdropper link. Finally, the summaries of these archived results show the benefits of our proposed model in different cases of the deployment of the IRS and without the IRS.

Summary: The germline TP53 p.R337H mutation is reported as the most common germline TP53 variant. It exists at a remarkably high frequency in the population of southeast Brazil as founder mutation in two distinct haplotypes with the most frequent co-segregating with the p.E134∗ variant of the XAF1 tumor suppressor and an increased cancer risk. Founder mutations demonstrate linkage disequilibrium with neighboring genetic polymorphic markers that can be used to identify the founder variant in different geographic regions and diverse populations. We report here a shared haplotype among Brazilian, Portuguese, and Spanish families and the existence of three additional distinct TP53 p.R337H alleles. Mitochondrial DNA sequencing and Y-STR profiling of Brazilian carriers of the founder TP53 p.R337H allele reveal an excess of Native American haplogroups in maternal lineages and exclusively European haplogroups in paternal lineages, consistent with communities established through male European settlers with extensive intermarriage with Indigenous women. The identification of founder and independent TP53 p.R337H alleles underlines the importance for considering the haplotype as a functional unit and the additive effects of constitutive polymorphisms and associated variants in modifier genes that can influence the cancer phenotype.

This first study investigated the presence of dioxins and furans in river sediments around a craft village in Vietnam, focusing on Secondary Steel Recycling. Sediment samples were collected from various locations along the riverbed near the Da Hoi Secondary Steel Recycling village in Bac Ninh province. The analysis was conducted using a HRGC/HRMS-DFS device, detecting a total of 17 dioxin/furan isomers in all samples, with an average total concentration of 288.86 ng/kg d.w. The concentrations of dioxin/furan congeners showed minimal variation among sediment samples, ranging from 253.9 to 344.2 ng/kg d.w. The predominant compounds in the dioxin group were OCDD, while in the furan group, they were 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF and OCDF. The chlorine content in the molecule appeared to be closely related to the concentration of dioxins and their percentage distribution. However, the levels of furan isomers did not vary significantly. The distribution of these compounds was not dependent on the flow direction, as they were mainly found in solid waste and are not water-soluble. Although the hepta and octa congeners had high concentrations, when converted to TEQ values, the tetra and penta groups (for dioxins) and the penta and hexa groups (for furans) contributed more to toxicity. Furthermore, the source of dioxins in sediments at Da Hoi does not only originate from steel recycling production activities but also from other combustion sites. The average total toxicity was 10.92 ng TEQ/kg d.w, ranging from 4.99 to 17.88 ng TEQ/kg d.w, which did not exceed the threshold specified in QCVN 43:2017/BTNMT, the National Technical Regulation on Sediment Quality. Nonetheless, these levels are still concerning. The presence of these toxic substances not only impacts aquatic organisms in the sampled water environment but also poses potential health risks to residents living nearby.

Comparing language tests and test preparation materials holds important implications for the latter's validity and reliability. However, not enough studies compare such materials across a wide range of indices. Therefore, this study investigated the text complexity of IELTS academic reading tests (IRT) and IELTS reading practice tests (IRPrT). Fine-grained quantitative analyses were undertaken to delineate measures of lexical, syntactic, and discourse complexity across a corpus of 108 IRT and 108 IRPrT published by Pearson, Macmillan, and Cengage Learning. The results suggest little difference between IRT and IRPrT at the lexical level; however, there were significant differences in some measures of syntactic and discourse level complexity. The findings bear implications for stakeholders including learners as test takers, instructors, material developers, and language testing researchers. We interpret this to mean that while IRPrT materials are lexically conducive to the practice for IRT and can provide a similar experience, the IRPrT do show some differences in the amount of subordination and idea repetition at the discourse level. Therefore, instructors and learners may seek to supplement practice with these structures when preparing for IRT, and the designers of such practice materials should consider aligning these factors in the future.

Utilizing unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to facilitate wireless communication has emerged as a viable and promising strategy to enhance current and prospective wireless systems. This approach offers many advantages by establishing line-of-sight connections, optimizing operational efficiency, and enabling flexible deployment capabilities in various terrains. Thus, in this paper, we investigate UAV communication in a relaying network in which a UAV helps communication between a source and two destination users while flying to a location. To have a complete view of our proposed system, we consider both orthogonal multiple access, such as OFDMs and non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) scenarios. Moreover, we apply successive convex optimization (SCO) and the block-coordinate gradient descent (BCGD) for the sum-rate optimization problems to improve the system performance under constraints of total bandwidth and total power at the ground base station and UAV. The experimental results validate that the achievable secrecy rates are notably enhanced using our proposed algorithms and show optimal trends for critical parameters, such as transmit powers, the flight trajectory and speed of the UAV, and resource allocation of OFDM and NOMA.

The primary purpose of educational programs is to enhance students' knowledge and skills through pedagogical training activities. However, preschool teachers in Vietnam face limitations in their professional capacity. Thus, this study aimed to address issues by evaluating the level of implementation of pedagogical training activities for preschool education students. The study used a scale for students' pedagogical practice activities to gather quantitative data from 629 participants (managers, lecturers and preschool teachers) in Dong Thap province in Vietnam to assess the extent of implementation of pedagogical training activities for preschool education students. The results showed that preschool teachers may not possess the essential knowledge of pedagogical practices. Pedagogical training uses conventional work-and-activity techniques despite the fact that it prioritizes innovation. Moreover, all school managers, teachers and students recognized the necessity of developing the professional capacity of preschool teachers. These findings illustrate the critical need for revitalizing educational approaches that are consistent with Vietnam's developing preschool teacher professional development context. The present study proposes some measures to innovate pedagogical practice activities in order to meet the requirements for developing the professional capacity of preschool teachers in Vietnam. Such initiatives hold promise for reshaping the educational landscape and fostering a culture of continuous improvement within the primary education sector of Vietnam.

Coffee husks (CH) are waste with abundant reserves in Vietnam. This type of waste is mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose, minerals, and some reducing active ingredients such as polyphenols, reducing sugars, and lignin, so it is suitable for use as raw material for producing organic fertilizer for reuse in agriculture. In this study, we present a new method to quickly treat CH by directly using it as a reducing and stabilizing agent to green synthesize the Cu/Cu2O/CH nanocomposite with Cu content of 3% (w/w). The size of the obtained Cu/Cu2O nanoparticles (NPs) determined from scanning electron microscope (SEM) images was 54.6 ± 28.2 nm. The characteristic properties of the materials are determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and elemental mapping. In the in vitro experiment, the Cu/Cu2O/CH nanocomposite achieved 93.52% effectiveness against Phytophthora capsici at a concentration of 55 mg/L Cu, and the inhibitory concentration 50% (IC50) value was determined to be 19.67 mg/kg. Furthermore, the obtained the Cu/Cu2O/CH nanocomposite with a content of ∼3% Cu (w/w) can degrade caffeine, a toxic substance to plants in CH by ∼95%. The Cu/Cu2O/CH nanocomposite can be potentially used as a disease control agent and micronutrient fertilizer for plants.