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ObjectiveThis meta-analysis includes the systematic literature review and meta-analysis involving clinical trials to assess the efficacy and safety of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) transplantation for treating T1DM and T2DM.MethodsWe searched PubMed, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, clinicaltrials.gov, and Cochrane Library for “published” research from their inception until November 2023. Two researchers independently reviewed the studies’ inclusion and exclusion criteria. Our meta-analysis included 13 studies on MSC treatment for diabetes.ResultsThe MSC-treated group had a significantly lower HbA1c at the last follow-up compared to the baseline (MD: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.33 to 1.57, P-value: 0.003< 0.05), their insulin requirement was significantly lower (MD: 0.19, 95% CI: 0.07 to 0.31, P-value: 0.002< 0.05), the level of FBG with MSC transplantation significantly dropped compared to baseline (MD: 1.78, 95% CI: -1.02 to 4.58, P-value: 0.212), the FPG level of the MSC-treated group was significantly lower (MD: -0.77, 95% CI: -2.36 to 0.81, P-value: 0.339 > 0.05), and the fasting C-peptide level of the MSC-treated group was slightly high (MD: -0.02, 95% CI: -0.07 to 0.02, P-value: 0.231 > 0.05).ConclusionThe transplantation of MSCs has been found to positively impact both types of diabetes mellitus without signs of apparent adverse effects.

Diabetes typically leads to repercussions such as chronic kidney disease (CKD), a worldwide health problem. Dialysis is typical for severe renal function loss (eGFR 15), but complications continue to exist. Chronic dialysis shortens life expectancy, and the wait for a transplant can be long, resulting in significant mortality. Human umbilical cord-derived Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ-MSCs) have shown potential in regenerative healthcare for kidney repair, with unique capacities in restoring function and repairing damaged kidneys in animal models of chronic renal failure. The need to advance alternative medicines, such as regenerative medicine, in addressing crucial concerns in CKD care is stressed. We present the first case report in humans of a 70-year-old male with stage V chronic kidney disease caused by type 2 diabetes mellitus who received allogenic hWJ-MSCs and exosomes. The procedure includes the intravenous infusion of 100 million stem cells and 100 billion exosomes, which proved to be safe with no side effects. The renal profile improved significantly between the first and fourth months after infusion, according to assessments comprising lab results and the KDQOL-36 TM questionnaire. Human umbilical cord Wharton’s jelly-derived mesenchymal stem cell implantations proved safe and effective in treating CKD.