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Introduction: There are three independent variables used in clinical practice to evaluate patients suffering from alcohol use disorder (AUD); these are Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), liver function tests (LFTs), and imaging findings on ultrasound of the abdomen. There is limited literature about the association of imaging findings with LFT and AUDIT scores in cases of AUD. Objective: The study was conducted to determine the association of ultrasound abdomen findings with LFTs and AUDIT scores in patients with AUD. Methods: This study was conducted using data from 439 patients of AUD (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition) treated in the psychiatry department of a tertiary care hospital. The data hence obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. The ordinal data sets were compared using the Chi-square test, and P < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: The ultrasonography (USG) findings of hepatic/portal system changes in patients of AUD show a significant association with the corresponding changes in AUDIT scores, serum bilirubin, and aspartate transaminase (AST) levels. The ultrasound findings were also significantly associated with total years of drinking and average drinking (in g) per day in the last 3 years. The USG findings did not show a significant statistical association between ALT (alanine transaminase) and serum gamma-glutamyl transferase levels. Conclusion: In patients with alcohol use disorder, USG abdomen findings correlate with the severity of dependence as indicated by years of drinking, average alcohol consumption per day for the last 3 years, AUDIT score (last 1 year), and markers of liver injury (serum bilirubin and AST). Combined use of clinical severity indicators (e.g., AUDIT), lab parameters, and USG abdomen can help in the early diagnosis of ALD.

Introduction Cervical lymphadenopathy is a relatively common clinical presentation that can have varied causes including reactive, inflammatory, tubercular, or neoplastic etiologies. Sonography is most often the first line of investigation used in clinical practice to characterize the enlarged nodes with respect to their location, number, size, and morphological imaging characteristics and determine the differential etiological possibilities. Materials and Methods The present study was conducted involving 434 patients who presented over a period of 3 years to radiology departments of three multispecialty hospitals for the evaluation of cervical swellings. The study aimed to establish the correlation between the ultrasound and Doppler parameters used in clinical practice and the final histological diagnosis in cases of tubercular cervical lymphadenitis. Results Overall, a female predisposition was observed in the proportion of patients who presented with cervical lymphadenopathy. A similar increased female percentage was also observed in cases finally detected to have tubercular pathology. The highest diagnostic indices were obtained for two ultrasound parameters of “matted nodes” and “caseous necrosis with posterior acoustic enhancement.” Although other features such as hypoechoic nodes, Doppler findings of peripheral vascularity, and high resistive index (RI)/pulsatility index (PI) values demonstrated high sensitivity, they showed poor specificity, positive predictive values, and low accuracy. Conclusion In ultrasound scans for suspected cases of tubercular cervical lymphadenitis, the maximum weightage should be given to “matted nodes” and “caseous necrosis with posterior acoustic enhancement” parameters to differentiate the tubercular etiology from other potential causes. These parameters demonstrate high sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and accuracy. Hence, they can be relied upon to start timely anti-tubercular treatment and follow-up with patients on a clinical-radiological basis. This can supplement waiting for suboptimal cytology reports that are difficult to arrive at, specifically in tubercular cervical lymphadenitis cases. The same applies as well to biopsy specimens that are hard to obtain from cervical nodes with associated potential grave complications.

Introduction: Saphenofemoral junction (SFJ) incompetence is the most commonly attributed etiological factor in varicose veins of lower limbs with a consequent increase in the caliber of the great saphenous vein (GSV). This study aimed to assess GSV diameter to determine its cutoff diameter value for predicting reflux at the SFJ, in cases of varicose veins. Methods: This hospital-based prospective study was conducted on 156 patients (245 diseased limbs) over a period of 2 years, involving patients referred from the outpatient department for evaluation of varicose veins or those being evaluated as a part of preoperative assessment. Results: The cutoff value of GSV diameter to detect SFJ incompetence was determined at 5.4 mm with best sensitivity of 74.3%, specificity of 78.5%, and accuracy of 75.1%. Conclusion: GSV diameter assessment is of immense clinical importance as it can help the treating physician to filter out the false-negative cases solely being diagnosed based on reflux at SFJ, especially those with an absence of obvious clinical signs.

Introduction: Benign prostatic hyperplasia is a common condition in elderly men and is a major cause of bladder outflow obstruction. Various parameters are used in clinical practice, to be able to assess the severity of the enlarged prostate and its direct effect on the quality of life of the patient in terms of evaluation of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTSs). These are the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS); urodynamic studies such as uroflowmetry, measurement of postvoid residual urine (PVRU), prostatic volume (PV), intravesical prostatic protrusion, and digital rectal examination. Out of these, sonographic measurement of prostate volume and postvoid residual urine is the most widely used and readily available noninvasive methods. The present hospital-based study aims to establish an association between the PV, PVRU, and clinical symptom scores derived as per IPSS. Methods: This prospective, hospital-based study was done over a sample group of 748 symptomatic males with LUTS, referred from outpatient departments over a period of 2 years, for the assessment of PV and postvoid residual urine. The ordinal data sets were compared using the Chi-square test and a P < 0.05 was taken as statistically significant. Results: The Chi-square statistics for the association of prostate volume with IPSS were 13.1678. P value was = 0.01. The Chi-square statistics for the association between PVRU and IPSS scores were 1.613. P value was = 0.80645. Conclusion: The results derived from the data establish that the statistical association between prostate volume and IPSS scores is weakly significant and association between PVRU and IPSS scores is not statistically significant at all.