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This document summarizes a study conducted at the University of Physical Education in Kraków, Poland, which examined the effects of exercise training at different ambient temperatures on physiological indicators in young, non-trained men. The study found that training at room temperature (21°C) resulted in a significant increase in aerobic capacity, while training at a higher temperature (31°C) did not cause significant changes. Both groups experienced improvements in endurance and thermoregulatory efficiency. The study suggests that training in a warm environment can enhance the body's ability to perform in hot conditions. [Extracted from the article]

Purpose : The ability to swim fast underwater is believed to be connected to lower limb strength and some somatic traits. The main purpose of the study was to evaluate strength and speed parameters based on the relationship between the strength of underwater dolphin kicks and the countermovement jump test ( CMJ ) among adolescent swimmers. Methods : 48 adolescent male swimmers (13.47 ± 0.84 years) were examined for muscle mass of arms ( m m arms ), trunk ( m m trunk ), and legs ( m m legs ), body height ( BH ), and biological age ( BA ). An underwater tethered dolphin kicking test was conducted in a pool; average force (5 F ave ) and impulse per single cycle (5 I ave ) in the 5-second period were measured. Force indices (20 F ave - average force from 20 seconds and 20 I ave - average impulse per single cycle from 20 seconds) were also measured in 20-second tethered front crawl swimming. During CMJ testing, general lower body muscle motor capabilities were evaluated by extracting the work ( CMJw [J]) and height ( CMJh [m]) of the jump. Results : The strongest correlations were observed between: (a) 5 F ave and BH , m m arms and CMJw ; (b) CMJw , m m arms , and 20 F ave ; (c) indices of swimming speed and 5I ave ( BA control); (d) total swimming velocity and average tethered swimming force ( BA control). Moderate partial correlations ( BA control) were noted between speed indices of swimming race and CMJ . Conclusions : The underwater tethered dolphin kick test is a useful predictor test of 50-m front crawl performance in young male swimmers, with better specificity for swimmers than CMJ results themselves., (© 2023 Kamil Sokołowski et al., published by Sciendo.)