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Abstract Background This study aims to investigate international measures for pandemic control in the workplace based on guidelines from international organizations to learn from their experiences. Methods We conducted a qualitative study using content analysis. The search method involved reviewing published guidelines on preventing and responding to the COVID-19 pandemic in workplaces. After the screening process, ten guidelines were included in the content analysis. During the analysis, 200 meaning codes, 49 subcategories, and eleven categories were identified. Trustworthiness criteria were utilized to ensure the accuracy and strength of the findings. Results Eleven categories of international content during the COVID-19 pandemic were legal requirements and duties of employees and employers, structural and program changes, risk assessment, risk communication, information and training, internal and external consultation and cooperation, provision of facilities and tools for workplace hygiene, special conditions, special groups, closing and reopening workplaces, reducing contact and exposure and mental health. Conclusions Protecting employees during a pandemic requires a multifaceted approach and strong advocacy. The operational plan for pandemic control should be developed based on the level of risk, with support tailored to employees’ conditions and needs. Cooperation among international organizations is essential to develop a standardized plan and issue comprehensive guidelines in response to health emergencies with a global perspective and local implementation, drawing from the lessons learned during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Introduction: Workplaces are high-risk environments for epidemic transmission, and the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the significant impacts that health emergencies can have on both the healthcare system and the economy. This study presents executive and hierarchical models for participatory response to health emergencies in the workplace, with a focus on COVID-19. Methods: The study was conducted in three phases. Content analysis of interviews with 101 stakeholders and national documents was used to identify key themes and dimensions for an executive model. A focus group discussion and review of international documents were then used to refine and expand the executive and hierarchical models. The alignment and trustworthiness of the final models, as well as feedback, were gathered from 117 informants working in various workplaces. Results: The executive model highlighted that context understanding, management commitment, and participation play critical roles in developing tailored prevention and response plans, and adequate support is necessary for successful plan implementation. Monitoring and review processes should be established to ensure proper functioning. The hierarchical model emphasizes the need for collaborative efforts from various stakeholders to effectively implement pandemic prevention and participatory response plans. Conclusion: Overall, the executive and hierarchical participatory models presented in this study provide a framework for effectively controlling pandemics and other health emergencies in the workplace, enhancing both health resilience and the sustainability of economic activities.